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Libya Herald
2 days ago
- Politics
- Libya Herald
Aldabaiba and Menfi stress use of polling feedback to establish consensus basis for constitutional process: report and analysis
The President of the Presidential Council, Mohamed Al-Menfi, and the Tripoli based Libyan Prime Minister, Abd Alhamid Aldabaiba, held what the Tripoli government referred to as an ''expanded meeting'' in Tripoli yesterday that dealt with ''several political, security and financial files of national priority''. Implementing security arrangements, consolidating the rule of law During the meeting, the Tripoli government reported, the two sides stressed the importance of implementing security arrangements, supporting the Tripoli Security Directorate, ending all manifestations of detention outside the judiciary, and subjecting all prisons to full jurisdiction in coordination with the Attorney General, as a basis for consolidating the rule of law and guaranteeing rights. Reorganise the competencies of security, military and justice institutions It was also agreed to reorganise the competencies of security, military and justice institutions, in a way that ensures that there are no conflicts in powers and competencies in accordance with the basic organisational structure, and in a way that supports the Ministries of Interior and Defence in performing their tasks in a safe and organized environment. Support of UNSMIL to enhance comprehensive national consensus The two sides renewed their support for the efforts of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) and stressed the importance of continuing coordination with it in the political and security tracks, to enhance the chances of comprehensive national consensus. To confront public spending that violate financial law and political agreement On the financial side, the two parties stressed the need to take joint measures to confront public spending that violate the financial law and the provisions of the political agreement, stressing the need for a unified budget, and for public funds to be subject to control mechanisms, prior planning, review and disclosure after contracts, in order to ensure respect for the people's right to knowledge and accountability. Popular referendum to establish popular consensus for constitutional path The two sides also reviewed the latest developments in activating the High Commission for Referendum and National Inquiry (political public opinion polling), and stressed the importance of conducting a broad, impartial and transparent popular referendum as soon as possible to establish any constitutional path based on a real popular consensus. Analysis and comment The desire by the Presidency Council to use political opinion polls / referendums is a new, proactive development. Historically, the Presidency Council has been seen as a dormant body. However, its ousting of the former Central Bank of Libya Governor, Sadek El-Kaber changed that perception. The removal of El-Kaber The legality of the initial removal of El-Kaber was questionable. According to the 2015 Libyan Political Agreement (LPA), and its subsequent alterations, the Presidency Council is a non-legislative body. Legislation is supposed to be enacted by the House of Representatives (HoR) – in consultation with the High State Council. The appointment of a CBL Governor, the head of the Audit Bureau and the Administrative Control Authority are the concern of the legislature and not the executive. It will be recalled that the Presidential Council had announced on 18 August 2024 that it had taken a unanimous decision to elect a new Governor of the CBL and form a new Board of Directors. This it claimed, came within the HoR Resolution No. 3/2018. This is the 2018 HoR law which had removed El-Kaber as CBL Governor – but the eastern based HoR was never able to enforce this removal in Tripoli. The Presidency Council appointment of a new CBL Governor was initially rejected by both Libya's recognised legislative bodies, the HoR and High State Council (HSC). However, on 26 September 2024 UNSMIL announced that the HoR and the HSC had agreed on the consensual appointment of the new Central Bank of Libya (CBL) Governor, his Deputy and the Board of Directors. The removal of El-Kaber set a precedent? This in effect set a precedent for the Presidency Council and Aldabaiba. Aldabaiba and Menfi feel they are constrained in their effectiveness by Libya's political quagmire set in stone by the 2015 LPA. Aldabaiba feels he needs a popular mandate to implement reform – especially controversial reform such as security reforms to confront militias. Several militias have ingratiated themselves in their city or region by projecting themselves as the local protector against other militias or even government security forces. The local and social support of militias This localisation of security (local militias) dates from the 2011 February Revolution that ousted the Qaddafi regime. Towns, cities and regions were left to fend for themselves for resistance to the forces of the Qaddafi regime or to militias of other towns, cities and regions, as well as ought right criminals. The militias use tribalism and regionalism to protect themselves from the high national aim of creating a unified national police and army controlled by the central government of the day. Aldabaiba emboldened by removal of El-Kaber? Emboldened by the removal of former CBL Governor El-Kaber without the legislation of the HoR or HSC, at the Third Ordinary Cabinet Meeting of 2024 held on 28 October in Tripoli – the first Cabinet meeting since El-Kaber's removal – Aldabaiba said: ''Changing the CBL's administration (the Governor and the board of directors) was inevitable, the first step in a series of deep reforms aimed at ending the absurdity and revitalising the Libyan economy. With this decision, I have irrevocably turned the page on individualism, temperament and political blackmail using the most important financial position in the country. The time of individualism and non-institutionalism has become a part of the past''. More pertinently to the relevance of using opinion polls to obtain a mandate for action, Aldabaiba further said ''We will not accept the extension of the current political bodies (parliament, the House of Representatives and the High State Council) and will not remain idle in front of the group that obstructs the elections. Going to direct elections that renew the legitimacy of all legislative and executive bodies is a red line for us''. He went on to say ''There are millions paid, weapons shipped, (foreign) media and intelligence tools working day and night, and receivables bought the aim of which is to undermine Libya's stability and hit its economy''. Use of opinion polls as a mandate It is Aldabaiba's refusal to allow the forces of the political status quo in Libya (the HoR, HSC and militias) to keep Libya in its current political quagmire that is behind the desire to use political opinion polls / referendums as quasi-elections to provide a mandate for action: We 'will not remain idle in front of the group that obstructs the elections'. As far as Aldabaiba is concerned, the HoR and HSC are only interested in maintaining the status quo. They wish to remain in power for as long as possible by delaying elections. This includes the move by the HoR to pass (using a minority of members) an election law that guarantees HoR Speaker Ageela Saleh and Hafter retain their posts if they are to lose in an election race. Aldabaiba hopes to wave the results of opinion polls at his opponents, be they the international community, the HoR, the HSC, militias and parts of the public. He hopes to use these popular mandates to implement strong, effective government, economic and security reforms. He wishes to use these opinion polls to by-pass and go over the head of the HoR and HSC – and indeed the 2015 LPA that installed them. Will the ploy succeed again? It remains to be seen if the opinion poll/referendum ploy will succeed. There is no doubt that a large segment of the Libyan public is tired of the political impasse that the country finds itself in. This political impasse is having a constraining effect on successive governments' ability to implement real reform and on the general public's standard of living. Can a poll / referendum be conducted across Libya? But while the Tripoli government may be able to conduct an opinion poll in western Libya, it is unclear if the eastern regime will allow such a poll to take place. If the polling is only conducted in the west of Libya, can this be considered a nation-wide mandate or just a regional mandate? And if it is only regional, is this adding to or taking away from the unification of Libya? Western Libya to go it alone? On the other hand, has Aldabaiba effectively given up on the international community, UNSMIL, the 2015 LPA and a united Libya and decided that western Libya must go it alone. Has he decided that it is no longer possible to expect Saleh and Hafter to allow elections to take place – ever? Tripoli will have to also convince the international community. Whilst they were able to get away with ousting CBL Governor El-Kaber, it is unclear if the unilateral move can be repeated in other scenarios. It was clear that El-Kaber had lost his credibility, and the international community were happy to see him removed. They may hold a different view on other political moves planned by the Tripoli administration based purely on opinion polls or referenda. Weak executives unable to reform The political split between western and eastern Libya with the internationally recognised government based in Tripoli and the HoR and its (internationally unrecognised) government based in Benghazi has meant that all these bodies are weak. This weakness has meant that no government has been able to implement the deep reform needed to launch the Libyan economy. It will be recalled that Libya is a centralised, socialist, rentier state highly dependent on its oil revenues. It is still operating the Qaddafi system it inherited in 2011. This Qaddafi system means the economy is highly centralised and dominated by the state – at the expense of the private sector. State-sector employment With high unemployment and higher still youth unemployment, the government must create at least 100,000 jobs every year. But the private sector economy is suppressed by the centralised, rentier system and is unable to create such a high number of new jobs annually. This forces the government into appointing thousands of youth to state-sector jobs – jobs that don't exist and that the country does not need. This has sent the state-sector jobs bill in the state budget skyrocketing to unsustainable numbers – at the expense of the creation of value-added jobs in the private sector. Opportunity costs The money used on the state-sector jobs budget is needed elsewhere and could and should be invested in other productive sectors instead. It should be used to train university leavers and finance SMEs instead. It should be used to improve health, education, and infrastructure. Reforming the banking system Another area that needs reform to kickstart the private sector is the banking sector. Libya's banking sector is also a legacy of the Qaddafi era. The legislative environment prevents banks from offering loans and finance to business as the laws do not guarantee the banks' ability to seek redress in the courts and confiscate property or assets in lieu of unpaid loans. Militias Finally, a state must have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force. Foreign companies, foreign airliners and embassies are reluctant to come and invest in Libya as long as there are strong, unaccountable militias in the country. Aldabaiba understands this and this is (one of) the reason he has recently had confrontations with militias. A political mandate to face-off militias gained through a strong popular opinion poll or referendum is one way to face-off militias.
Zawya
3 days ago
- Politics
- Zawya
Aftermath of Tripoli clashes puts Libya's fragile stability to the test
Nearly 15 years after Gaddafi's fall, Libya remains split between the internationally recognised Government of National Unity in Tripoli, and the rival Government of National Stability in Benghazi. Although a truce was reached on 14 May, the outbreak of fighting last month in the capital 'temporarily disrupted UN development and humanitarian operations,' said top UN envoy Hanna Tetteh. Fragile Truce On 18 May, with support from the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), the Presidential Council established a Truce Committee. Composed of key security actors, the body has been mandated to monitor the upholding of the ceasefire, facilitate a permanent end to the fighting and ensure the protection of civilians. As UNSMIL works to ease tensions and prevent further clashes, the Presidential Council has also set up a temporary Security and Military Arrangement Committee, tasked with sustaining peace and reorganising security forces in the capital. 'The truce, however, remains fragile, and the overall security situation unpredictable,' said Ms. Tetteh. Alleged grave violations The armed clashes that erupted in May resulted in civilian deaths and injuries, as well as damage to critical civilian infrastructure, underscoring the shortcomings of State security forces in adhering to international humanitarian and human rights law, she continued. Ms. Tetteh expressed alarm over mass graves found in Abu Slim, citing emerging evidence of serious human rights violations – including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances – allegedly by State security forces. 'The presence of charred remains, unidentified bodies in morgues, and a suspected unofficial detention site at Abu Salim Zoo underscores the scale and gravity of these abuses,' she said. Demand for change 'Many Libyans are deeply disillusioned with the prolonged transitional period and have lost confidence in the current institutions and leadership,' said Ms. Tetteh. As civilians increasingly doubt the current leadership's willingness to put national interests above their own, there is strong demand for a political process that allows public participation, enables elections, and delivers a democratic government with a clear mandate for real change. UNSMIL intends to present a time-bound and politically pragmatic roadmap – with the goal of reaching the end of the transitional process – by the time of her next briefing, Ms. Tetteh told ambassadors. 'I urge all parties to engage in good faith and to be ready to forge consensus on this roadmap,' she said. Distributed by APO Group on behalf of UN News.
Libya Review
4 days ago
- Politics
- Libya Review
Greece Reaffirms Willingness to Negotiate Sea Borders with Libya
On Tuesday, Greece's Permanent Representative to the United Nations reaffirmed his country's readiness to engage in dialogue with Libyan counterparts over the contested maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean. The offer, made during a UN Security Council session, comes amid renewed international focus on Libya's political transition and regional security dynamics. The Greek envoy welcomed recent moves by Libya's Presidential Council to improve security arrangements in Tripoli and expressed support for the outcomes of the Berlin Process Follow-Up Committee, which continues to serve as a platform for international coordination on Libya's future. Highlighting the broader regional implications of Libya's stability, the Greek diplomat emphasized the urgent need for a complete withdrawal of all foreign forces, including regular troops, mercenaries, and irregular armed elements operating on Libyan territory. He warned that ongoing violations of the UN arms embargo—some of which he described as aggressive- continue to undermine peace efforts and pose direct challenges to the EU's Operation IRINI, which monitors the embargo. The Greek representative also reaffirmed Athens' commitment to Libya's sovereignty, independence, and territorial unity. He noted that cooperation between Greece and Libya must be rooted in mutual respect and legal frameworks, particularly regarding the delimitation of maritime boundaries. Greece maintains that resolving the dispute through constructive, bilateral negotiations would help foster regional security, economic cooperation, and maritime stability in the Eastern Mediterranean. Migration was also addressed, with the Greek diplomat noting that restoring order in Libya is crucial to curbing irregular migration flows to Europe. He emphasized that any long-term solution requires a secure and sovereign Libyan state, underpinned by inclusive governance and international support. Greece's diplomatic tone marked a departure from previous periods of heightened tension, signaling a more open and pragmatic approach toward addressing long-standing disputes with Libya. Tags: GreeceGreek EnvoylibyaMaritime Borderun
Scoop
4 days ago
- Politics
- Scoop
Aftermath Of Tripoli Clashes Puts Libya's Fragile Stability To The Test
24 June 2025 Nearly 15 years after Gaddafi's fall, Libya remains split between the internationally recognised Government of National Unity in Tripoli, and the rival Government of National Stability in Benghazi. Although a truce was reached on 14 May, the outbreak of fighting last month in the capital 'temporarily disrupted UN development and humanitarian operations,' said top UN envoy Hanna Tetteh. Fragile Truce On 18 May, with support from the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), the Presidential Council established a Truce Committee. Composed of key security actors, the body has been mandated to monitor the upholding of the ceasefire, facilitate a permanent end to the fighting and ensure the protection of civilians. As UNSMIL works to ease tensions and prevent further clashes, the Presidential Council has also set up a temporary Security and Military Arrangement Committee, tasked with sustaining peace and reorganising security forces in the capital. ' The truce, however, remains fragile, and the overall security situation unpredictable,' said Ms. Tetteh. Alleged grave violations The armed clashes that erupted in May resulted in civilian deaths and injuries, as well as damage to critical civilian infrastructure, underscoring the shortcomings of State security forces in adhering to international humanitarian and human rights law, she continued. Ms. Tetteh expressed alarm over mass graves found in Abu Slim, citing emerging evidence of serious human rights violations – including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances – allegedly by State security forces. 'The presence of charred remains, unidentified bodies in morgues, and a suspected unofficial detention site at Abu Salim Zoo underscores the scale and gravity of these abuses,' she said. Demand for change ' Many Libyans are deeply disillusioned with the prolonged transitional period and have lost confidence in the current institutions and leadership,' said Ms. Tetteh. As civilians increasingly doubt the current leadership's willingness to put national interests above their own, there is strong demand for a political process that allows public participation, enables elections, and delivers a democratic government with a clear mandate for real change. UNSMIL intends to present a time-bound and politically pragmatic roadmap – with the goal of reaching the end of the transitional process – by the time of her next briefing, Ms. Tetteh told ambassadors. ' I urge all parties to engage in good faith and to be ready to forge consensus on this roadmap,' she said.
Libya Review
4 days ago
- Politics
- Libya Review
US Reaffirms Support for Berlin Process & Libyan Political Roadmap
The United States has reaffirmed its support for military integration between eastern and western Libya as a key measure to protect the country's borders and enhance its sovereignty. The commitment was made by the US representative during a UN Security Council session on Tuesday focused on developments in Libya. Speaking before the Council, the US diplomat emphasized that the Libyan people do not seek involvement in further regional conflicts, such as those unfolding in the Sahel or Sudan. Instead, she stressed that the Libyan public is looking for a path to internal unity, peace, and institutional consolidation. The US representative referred to the recent armed clashes in Tripoli in mid-May, describing them as a reminder of Libya's fragile security landscape. She welcomed the Presidential Council's response—specifically the creation of a Joint Security Committee and plans to establish a unified force responsible for maintaining public order—as a constructive step toward long-term stability. She also noted that the June 20 meeting of the Berlin Process International Follow-Up Committee provided an important platform for the international community to reaffirm its collective support for Libya's political roadmap. According to the US, sustained international coordination is essential to help Libyans overcome divisions and build effective governance. Additionally, the US envoy underscored the importance of safeguarding the independence of Libya's sovereign economic institutions. She highlighted that a neutral and well-functioning economic system is critical for restoring public trust and ensuring equitable resource distribution across all regions. The United States reiterated its support for a Libyan-led, UN-facilitated political process and reaffirmed its commitment to working with all stakeholders toward a peaceful, unified, and democratic Libya. Tags: libyaPolitical RoadmapSecurity CouncilUS Envoy
