Latest news with #Ramsarconvention
Sydney Morning Herald
27-06-2025
- Business
- Sydney Morning Herald
Tanya Plibersek rejected this clean energy project. The Allan government is trying again
An offshore wind hub at the Port of Hastings that was rejected by the federal government has been given a second chance after the Allan government reapplied to have to the project approved. Victoria has pledged to scale back its original proposal to get it over the line, cutting the amount of land reclamation by about 35 per cent and promising to dredge 70 per cent less of the sea bed. The Victorian government says the Port of Hastings project is essential to meet its target for construction of offshore wind farms, which the state is banking on to replace the energy lost as ageing coal-fired generators come offline. But the project is near wetlands protected by the Ramsar convention, an agreement signed by more than 170 countries, and in January 2024 then-environment minister Tanya Plibersek found the original proposal would have an unacceptable environmental impact and was 'likely to cause irreversible damage' to this habitat. Loading The saga has already delayed the project's completion date by two years. In response to the federal government's concerns, the Port of Hastings Corporation this week launched a new application for a 'substantially modified project' and published a response to each of the issues outlined in the rejection notice. The total area of land it proposes to reclaim from the sea has been reduced from 29 hectares to 18 hectares, while the area needing to be dredged has been refined and reduced by 70 per cent. Both of the works have also been moved to minimise their impact. The Port of Hastings argues that the changes mean 0.07 per cent of habitat within the protected wetland is now proposed to be affected.
The Age
27-06-2025
- Business
- The Age
Tanya Plibersek rejected this clean energy project. The Allan government is trying again
An offshore wind hub at the Port of Hastings that was rejected by the federal government has been given a second chance after the Allan government reapplied to have to the project approved. Victoria has pledged to scale back its original proposal to get it over the line, cutting the amount of land reclamation by about 35 per cent and promising to dredge 70 per cent less of the sea bed. The Victorian government says the Port of Hastings project is essential to meet its target for construction of offshore wind farms, which the state is banking on to replace the energy lost as ageing coal-fired generators come offline. But the project is near wetlands protected by the Ramsar convention, an agreement signed by more than 170 countries, and in January 2024 then-environment minister Tanya Plibersek found the original proposal would have an unacceptable environmental impact and was 'likely to cause irreversible damage' to this habitat. Loading The saga has already delayed the project's completion date by two years. In response to the federal government's concerns, the Port of Hastings Corporation this week launched a new application for a 'substantially modified project' and published a response to each of the issues outlined in the rejection notice. The total area of land it proposes to reclaim from the sea has been reduced from 29 hectares to 18 hectares, while the area needing to be dredged has been refined and reduced by 70 per cent. Both of the works have also been moved to minimise their impact. The Port of Hastings argues that the changes mean 0.07 per cent of habitat within the protected wetland is now proposed to be affected.
Yahoo
05-06-2025
- Politics
- Yahoo
Revealed: 5,000 English nature sites at risk under Labour's planning proposals
More than 5,000 of England's most sensitive, rare and protected natural habitats are at high risk of being destroyed by development under Labour's new planning bill, according to legal analysis of the legislation. The Guardian has examined the threat the bill poses to 5,251 areas known as nature's 'jewels in the crown', as some of the country's most respected wildlife charities call for a key part of the bill to be scrapped. The areas at risk from Labour's planning changes include cherished landscapes such as the New Forest, the Surrey heaths, the Peak District moors, and the Forest of Bowland. Rivers such as the Itchen in Hampshire and the Wensum in Norfolk are also threatened by the bill. The thousands of protected habitats are locations for threatened British wildlife such as nightingales, badgers, dormice, otters, butterflies, dragonflies, kingfishers, tufted ducks and egrets. The bill is the product of the government's promise to build 1.5m homes to help address the UK's housing affordability crisis, and approve 150 major infrastructure projects, in this parliament. The pledge is key to Labour's plan to boost economic growth; however, a recent study suggests the government is likely to miss its new homes target. The government says the bill does not weaken environmental protections. But according to three separate legal opinions on the planning and infrastructure bill currently going through parliament, legal protections will be rolled back by the legislation, making it easier for developers to build on areas that have historically been protected under UK and international law. The Guardian has identified 10 protected sites that are under particular threat from development under the new legislation amid growing criticism of Labour's bill. Related: Ten jewels of English nature at risk from development and Labour's planning bill They include one of the last strongholds for nightingales in England at Lodge Hill in Kent; a wetland dating back 2,600 years in south Devon; an internationally important tidal wetland at Tipner west in Portsmouth; and woods dating back as far as the 17th century at Sittingbourne, Kent, part of the 2.5% of the UK's ancient woodland that still remains. These areas represent just a handful of the most protected environmental gems across England which include 4,100 sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs), all currently protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981; 71 wetlands protected under the internationally-binding Ramsar convention; 256 special areas of conservation (SACs) and 824 special protection areas, (SPAs) all protected under UK and international law in the habitats directive. Though numerous, these protected areas in total only cover just under 8% of land in England. Critics of the bill say ensuring they continue to be protected does not amount to a block on building new houses. In a legal opinion, Alex Goodman KC said the consequences of the planning and infrastructure bill as drafted were that any adverse impacts a development inflicted on the most protected natural areas in England, including SSSIs, SACs and Ramsar sites, must be 'disregarded'. '[The bill] thereby withdraws the principal legal safeguard for protected sites,' he said. 'This amounts to a very significant change.' Goodman has provided one of three separate legal opinions on the bill since it was presented by Angela Rayner, secretary of state for housing, communities and local government. All, including that of the government's own watchdog, the Office for Environmental Protection (OEP), challenge Rayner's assertion to parliament that the bill is not a rollback of environmental law. Rayner has been threatened with a judicial review brought by nature groups if she does not 'correct' her comments. Goodman said: 'The only possible reading is that the bill will have the effect of reducing the level of environmental protection provided.' Glenys Stacey, chair of the OEP, said: 'The bill would have the effect of reducing the level of environmental protection provided for by existing environmental law. As drafted, the provisions are a regression.' Key concerns focus on part three of the bill, which provides a mechanism for developers to sidestep current environmental obligations by paying into a nature restoration fund, which will be used at a later date to create environmental improvements elsewhere. Once the fee is paid, the development can go ahead even if it 'inflicts adverse effects on the integrity of a protected site'. Dubbed a mechanism to pay 'cash to trash', the bill contains no requirement for developers to measure what harms are taking place during the planning process. Irreplaceable habitats have no extra protection from development. Leading charities have called for this section to be scrapped entirely. Dr Ruth Tingay, co-director of Wild Justice, said the government seemed intent on causing unrecoverable damage. 'Imagine flattening an irreplaceable grade I listed building like the Royal Albert Hall, replacing it with karaoke machines in various towns and then telling the public this is a 'win-win' for architecture and music. Swap the Royal Albert Hall for any one of the UK's nationally important and protected habitats, swap the karaoke machines for a few pathetic tree-planting schemes, then tell people this is a 'win-win' for the environment and the public, and the analogy is brutally clear.' David Elvin KC, in a third legal opinion, said part three of the bill was regressive and potentially in breach of international law. Ellie Chowns, a Green MP, said there was a serious legal question with the bill because although the secretary of state asserted to MPs there was no reduction in environmental protections, the reality of the legislation was that the bill was in fact a rollback of environmental protections. 'We have a responsibility to protect the most important, the rarest and most in need habitats, like chalk streams, ancient woodlands, peat bogs; these jewels in the crown of our ecological heritage have their protections weakened in this bill,' she said. 'These are irreplaceable habitats, which by their very nature cannot be created anywhere else in some kind of compensation schedule.' A government spokesperson said: 'We completely reject these claims, and have been clear that our planning and infrastructure will not weaken environmental protections. 'The government has inherited a failing system that has delayed new homes and infrastructure while doing nothing for nature's recovery. 'That's why we will deliver a win-win for the economy and nature as part of our Plan for Change, unblocking building and economic growth while delivering meaningful environmental improvements.'
The Advertiser
01-06-2025
- Science
- The Advertiser
'Salty soup': climate threat to vital lagoon ecosystems
Healthy, well-balanced coastal lagoons at the intersection of salty seas and fresh waterways make ideal fish nurseries and attractive spots for migratory birds. Yet a warming climate paired with competition for water upstream is degrading these ecological hotspots, ramping up their salt content and putting marine life under stress. Emerging research suggests the potential for lagoon wetlands to act as carbon sinks - when an ecosystems draws down more carbon dioxide than it releases - is hindered when in a degraded state. University of Adelaide microbial ecologist Christopher Keneally said the habitats tend to emit more methane and nitrous oxide, both potent greenhouse gas emissions, when in poor shape. His post-doctoral research focused on the Ramsar-listed Coorong in South Australia, the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, underlines the importance of keeping these critical habitats in good health. It's not just an Australian problem, he explained, with brackish wetlands in arid and temperate climate zones worldwide under threat from rising temperatures. Characterised by somewhat choked ocean access, lagoons are already under pressure from human activity as freshwater use by towns, farms and industry leaves less for the environment at the end of river basins. Now higher rates of evaporation under rising temperatures, less rainfall, and sea level rise bringing in more saltwater from the ocean are contributing to higher salt and nutrient concentrations. "A single hot, dry summer, like the one we have recently experienced, can completely shift this important habitat into a salty, green soup," Dr Keneally said. Such conditions upset the invisible and delicate "microbiomes" of lagoon waters, with microbial diversity diminished while salt-tolerant species survive. Unbalanced microbial communities can potentially lead to harmful algae blooms and low-oxygen "dead zones" that kill fish. In addition, microbial species with anaerobic metabolisms favour high salinity environments. These species tend to produce methane, undermining the habitat's role as a productive carbon sink. While an emerging area of research, Dr Keneally said estimations of methane production were "probably underestimated" and should be better integrated into global climate models. Occasional heavy rainfall and floods serve to "freshen up" coastal wetlands, rebalancing salt and other nutrient levels, as occurred in the South Australia's Coorong region in 2022. Yet sporadic downpours cannot be relied upon. "Conditions might improve for a couple of years, but those high rainfall events are not dependable, and in the dry periods, we often see permanent losses of biodiversity, Dr Keneally said. Careful management of freshwater releases to keep salinity and nutrient levels at optimal levels was billed as part of the solution. Listed as an internationally-important wetland under the Ramsar convention for migratory birds in the 1980s, the Coorong has long been a research priority and its condition taken seriously. The Millennium Drought led to the creation of the Murray Darling Basin to better manage water flows in the region, though balancing the needs of irrigators, towns and the environment has long been a fraught issue. Long-time Coorong fisherman Glen Hill believes the limited water reserved for the environment - half the amount recommended by scientists - should be released more strategically. The owner of Coorong Wild Seafood said the north of the lagoon was in great shape as freshwater from the river mouth could be easily released into it, while the more isolated south area was in a "terrible" state. He said better-timed water releases to coincide with favourable winds and weather conditions could help more freshwater enter the troubled southern lagoon. Mr Hill has been fishing the area for the prized Yellow-eye mullet and other commercially-important species for decades. Situated at the end of the Murray Darling Basin, Mr Hill said the Coorong was a highly productive fishery thanks to the high levels of nutrient "building blocks" swept downstream. Yet he was acutely familiar with the "domino effect" of harmfully-high salinity levels, knocking out species low on the food chain and leaving fish with little to eat. "When you get to around two times sea water salinity, things start to really go wrong," he said. A spokesperson from the South Australian Department for Environment and Water said the government was committed to protecting the Coorong's ecological character. "This work is achieved by optimising delivery of water for the environment and investing in infrastructure and restoration strategies to improve and protect the health of the system," the spokesperson said. The health of the lagoon vastly improved during the 2022 River Murray floods but the spokesperson said more needed to be done to restore its long-term health. This included refining freshwater flows and working with other basin states to ensure climate science informs its broader management. Healthy, well-balanced coastal lagoons at the intersection of salty seas and fresh waterways make ideal fish nurseries and attractive spots for migratory birds. Yet a warming climate paired with competition for water upstream is degrading these ecological hotspots, ramping up their salt content and putting marine life under stress. Emerging research suggests the potential for lagoon wetlands to act as carbon sinks - when an ecosystems draws down more carbon dioxide than it releases - is hindered when in a degraded state. University of Adelaide microbial ecologist Christopher Keneally said the habitats tend to emit more methane and nitrous oxide, both potent greenhouse gas emissions, when in poor shape. His post-doctoral research focused on the Ramsar-listed Coorong in South Australia, the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, underlines the importance of keeping these critical habitats in good health. It's not just an Australian problem, he explained, with brackish wetlands in arid and temperate climate zones worldwide under threat from rising temperatures. Characterised by somewhat choked ocean access, lagoons are already under pressure from human activity as freshwater use by towns, farms and industry leaves less for the environment at the end of river basins. Now higher rates of evaporation under rising temperatures, less rainfall, and sea level rise bringing in more saltwater from the ocean are contributing to higher salt and nutrient concentrations. "A single hot, dry summer, like the one we have recently experienced, can completely shift this important habitat into a salty, green soup," Dr Keneally said. Such conditions upset the invisible and delicate "microbiomes" of lagoon waters, with microbial diversity diminished while salt-tolerant species survive. Unbalanced microbial communities can potentially lead to harmful algae blooms and low-oxygen "dead zones" that kill fish. In addition, microbial species with anaerobic metabolisms favour high salinity environments. These species tend to produce methane, undermining the habitat's role as a productive carbon sink. While an emerging area of research, Dr Keneally said estimations of methane production were "probably underestimated" and should be better integrated into global climate models. Occasional heavy rainfall and floods serve to "freshen up" coastal wetlands, rebalancing salt and other nutrient levels, as occurred in the South Australia's Coorong region in 2022. Yet sporadic downpours cannot be relied upon. "Conditions might improve for a couple of years, but those high rainfall events are not dependable, and in the dry periods, we often see permanent losses of biodiversity, Dr Keneally said. Careful management of freshwater releases to keep salinity and nutrient levels at optimal levels was billed as part of the solution. Listed as an internationally-important wetland under the Ramsar convention for migratory birds in the 1980s, the Coorong has long been a research priority and its condition taken seriously. The Millennium Drought led to the creation of the Murray Darling Basin to better manage water flows in the region, though balancing the needs of irrigators, towns and the environment has long been a fraught issue. Long-time Coorong fisherman Glen Hill believes the limited water reserved for the environment - half the amount recommended by scientists - should be released more strategically. The owner of Coorong Wild Seafood said the north of the lagoon was in great shape as freshwater from the river mouth could be easily released into it, while the more isolated south area was in a "terrible" state. He said better-timed water releases to coincide with favourable winds and weather conditions could help more freshwater enter the troubled southern lagoon. Mr Hill has been fishing the area for the prized Yellow-eye mullet and other commercially-important species for decades. Situated at the end of the Murray Darling Basin, Mr Hill said the Coorong was a highly productive fishery thanks to the high levels of nutrient "building blocks" swept downstream. Yet he was acutely familiar with the "domino effect" of harmfully-high salinity levels, knocking out species low on the food chain and leaving fish with little to eat. "When you get to around two times sea water salinity, things start to really go wrong," he said. A spokesperson from the South Australian Department for Environment and Water said the government was committed to protecting the Coorong's ecological character. "This work is achieved by optimising delivery of water for the environment and investing in infrastructure and restoration strategies to improve and protect the health of the system," the spokesperson said. The health of the lagoon vastly improved during the 2022 River Murray floods but the spokesperson said more needed to be done to restore its long-term health. This included refining freshwater flows and working with other basin states to ensure climate science informs its broader management. Healthy, well-balanced coastal lagoons at the intersection of salty seas and fresh waterways make ideal fish nurseries and attractive spots for migratory birds. Yet a warming climate paired with competition for water upstream is degrading these ecological hotspots, ramping up their salt content and putting marine life under stress. Emerging research suggests the potential for lagoon wetlands to act as carbon sinks - when an ecosystems draws down more carbon dioxide than it releases - is hindered when in a degraded state. University of Adelaide microbial ecologist Christopher Keneally said the habitats tend to emit more methane and nitrous oxide, both potent greenhouse gas emissions, when in poor shape. His post-doctoral research focused on the Ramsar-listed Coorong in South Australia, the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, underlines the importance of keeping these critical habitats in good health. It's not just an Australian problem, he explained, with brackish wetlands in arid and temperate climate zones worldwide under threat from rising temperatures. Characterised by somewhat choked ocean access, lagoons are already under pressure from human activity as freshwater use by towns, farms and industry leaves less for the environment at the end of river basins. Now higher rates of evaporation under rising temperatures, less rainfall, and sea level rise bringing in more saltwater from the ocean are contributing to higher salt and nutrient concentrations. "A single hot, dry summer, like the one we have recently experienced, can completely shift this important habitat into a salty, green soup," Dr Keneally said. Such conditions upset the invisible and delicate "microbiomes" of lagoon waters, with microbial diversity diminished while salt-tolerant species survive. Unbalanced microbial communities can potentially lead to harmful algae blooms and low-oxygen "dead zones" that kill fish. In addition, microbial species with anaerobic metabolisms favour high salinity environments. These species tend to produce methane, undermining the habitat's role as a productive carbon sink. While an emerging area of research, Dr Keneally said estimations of methane production were "probably underestimated" and should be better integrated into global climate models. Occasional heavy rainfall and floods serve to "freshen up" coastal wetlands, rebalancing salt and other nutrient levels, as occurred in the South Australia's Coorong region in 2022. Yet sporadic downpours cannot be relied upon. "Conditions might improve for a couple of years, but those high rainfall events are not dependable, and in the dry periods, we often see permanent losses of biodiversity, Dr Keneally said. Careful management of freshwater releases to keep salinity and nutrient levels at optimal levels was billed as part of the solution. Listed as an internationally-important wetland under the Ramsar convention for migratory birds in the 1980s, the Coorong has long been a research priority and its condition taken seriously. The Millennium Drought led to the creation of the Murray Darling Basin to better manage water flows in the region, though balancing the needs of irrigators, towns and the environment has long been a fraught issue. Long-time Coorong fisherman Glen Hill believes the limited water reserved for the environment - half the amount recommended by scientists - should be released more strategically. The owner of Coorong Wild Seafood said the north of the lagoon was in great shape as freshwater from the river mouth could be easily released into it, while the more isolated south area was in a "terrible" state. He said better-timed water releases to coincide with favourable winds and weather conditions could help more freshwater enter the troubled southern lagoon. Mr Hill has been fishing the area for the prized Yellow-eye mullet and other commercially-important species for decades. Situated at the end of the Murray Darling Basin, Mr Hill said the Coorong was a highly productive fishery thanks to the high levels of nutrient "building blocks" swept downstream. Yet he was acutely familiar with the "domino effect" of harmfully-high salinity levels, knocking out species low on the food chain and leaving fish with little to eat. "When you get to around two times sea water salinity, things start to really go wrong," he said. A spokesperson from the South Australian Department for Environment and Water said the government was committed to protecting the Coorong's ecological character. "This work is achieved by optimising delivery of water for the environment and investing in infrastructure and restoration strategies to improve and protect the health of the system," the spokesperson said. The health of the lagoon vastly improved during the 2022 River Murray floods but the spokesperson said more needed to be done to restore its long-term health. This included refining freshwater flows and working with other basin states to ensure climate science informs its broader management. Healthy, well-balanced coastal lagoons at the intersection of salty seas and fresh waterways make ideal fish nurseries and attractive spots for migratory birds. Yet a warming climate paired with competition for water upstream is degrading these ecological hotspots, ramping up their salt content and putting marine life under stress. Emerging research suggests the potential for lagoon wetlands to act as carbon sinks - when an ecosystems draws down more carbon dioxide than it releases - is hindered when in a degraded state. University of Adelaide microbial ecologist Christopher Keneally said the habitats tend to emit more methane and nitrous oxide, both potent greenhouse gas emissions, when in poor shape. His post-doctoral research focused on the Ramsar-listed Coorong in South Australia, the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, underlines the importance of keeping these critical habitats in good health. It's not just an Australian problem, he explained, with brackish wetlands in arid and temperate climate zones worldwide under threat from rising temperatures. Characterised by somewhat choked ocean access, lagoons are already under pressure from human activity as freshwater use by towns, farms and industry leaves less for the environment at the end of river basins. Now higher rates of evaporation under rising temperatures, less rainfall, and sea level rise bringing in more saltwater from the ocean are contributing to higher salt and nutrient concentrations. "A single hot, dry summer, like the one we have recently experienced, can completely shift this important habitat into a salty, green soup," Dr Keneally said. Such conditions upset the invisible and delicate "microbiomes" of lagoon waters, with microbial diversity diminished while salt-tolerant species survive. Unbalanced microbial communities can potentially lead to harmful algae blooms and low-oxygen "dead zones" that kill fish. In addition, microbial species with anaerobic metabolisms favour high salinity environments. These species tend to produce methane, undermining the habitat's role as a productive carbon sink. While an emerging area of research, Dr Keneally said estimations of methane production were "probably underestimated" and should be better integrated into global climate models. Occasional heavy rainfall and floods serve to "freshen up" coastal wetlands, rebalancing salt and other nutrient levels, as occurred in the South Australia's Coorong region in 2022. Yet sporadic downpours cannot be relied upon. "Conditions might improve for a couple of years, but those high rainfall events are not dependable, and in the dry periods, we often see permanent losses of biodiversity, Dr Keneally said. Careful management of freshwater releases to keep salinity and nutrient levels at optimal levels was billed as part of the solution. Listed as an internationally-important wetland under the Ramsar convention for migratory birds in the 1980s, the Coorong has long been a research priority and its condition taken seriously. The Millennium Drought led to the creation of the Murray Darling Basin to better manage water flows in the region, though balancing the needs of irrigators, towns and the environment has long been a fraught issue. Long-time Coorong fisherman Glen Hill believes the limited water reserved for the environment - half the amount recommended by scientists - should be released more strategically. The owner of Coorong Wild Seafood said the north of the lagoon was in great shape as freshwater from the river mouth could be easily released into it, while the more isolated south area was in a "terrible" state. He said better-timed water releases to coincide with favourable winds and weather conditions could help more freshwater enter the troubled southern lagoon. Mr Hill has been fishing the area for the prized Yellow-eye mullet and other commercially-important species for decades. Situated at the end of the Murray Darling Basin, Mr Hill said the Coorong was a highly productive fishery thanks to the high levels of nutrient "building blocks" swept downstream. Yet he was acutely familiar with the "domino effect" of harmfully-high salinity levels, knocking out species low on the food chain and leaving fish with little to eat. "When you get to around two times sea water salinity, things start to really go wrong," he said. A spokesperson from the South Australian Department for Environment and Water said the government was committed to protecting the Coorong's ecological character. "This work is achieved by optimising delivery of water for the environment and investing in infrastructure and restoration strategies to improve and protect the health of the system," the spokesperson said. The health of the lagoon vastly improved during the 2022 River Murray floods but the spokesperson said more needed to be done to restore its long-term health. This included refining freshwater flows and working with other basin states to ensure climate science informs its broader management.
West Australian
31-05-2025
- Science
- West Australian
'Salty soup': climate threat to vital lagoon ecosystems
Healthy, well-balanced coastal lagoons at the intersection of salty seas and fresh waterways make ideal fish nurseries and attractive spots for migratory birds. Yet a warming climate paired with competition for water upstream is degrading these ecological hotspots, ramping up their salt content and putting marine life under stress. Emerging research suggests the potential for lagoon wetlands to act as carbon sinks - when an ecosystems draws down more carbon dioxide than it releases - is hindered when in a degraded state. University of Adelaide microbial ecologist Christopher Keneally said the habitats tend to emit more methane and nitrous oxide, both potent greenhouse gas emissions, when in poor shape. His post-doctoral research focused on the Ramsar-listed Coorong in South Australia, the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, underlines the importance of keeping these critical habitats in good health. It's not just an Australian problem, he explained, with brackish wetlands in arid and temperate climate zones worldwide under threat from rising temperatures. Characterised by somewhat choked ocean access, lagoons are already under pressure from human activity as freshwater use by towns, farms and industry leaves less for the environment at the end of river basins. Now higher rates of evaporation under rising temperatures, less rainfall, and sea level rise bringing in more saltwater from the ocean are contributing to higher salt and nutrient concentrations. "A single hot, dry summer, like the one we have recently experienced, can completely shift this important habitat into a salty, green soup," Dr Keneally said. Such conditions upset the invisible and delicate "microbiomes" of lagoon waters, with microbial diversity diminished while salt-tolerant species survive. Unbalanced microbial communities can potentially lead to harmful algae blooms and low-oxygen "dead zones" that kill fish. In addition, microbial species with anaerobic metabolisms favour high salinity environments. These species tend to produce methane, undermining the habitat's role as a productive carbon sink. While an emerging area of research, Dr Keneally said estimations of methane production were "probably underestimated" and should be better integrated into global climate models. Occasional heavy rainfall and floods serve to "freshen up" coastal wetlands, rebalancing salt and other nutrient levels, as occurred in the South Australia's Coorong region in 2022. Yet sporadic downpours cannot be relied upon. "Conditions might improve for a couple of years, but those high rainfall events are not dependable, and in the dry periods, we often see permanent losses of biodiversity, Dr Keneally said. Careful management of freshwater releases to keep salinity and nutrient levels at optimal levels was billed as part of the solution. Listed as an internationally-important wetland under the Ramsar convention for migratory birds in the 1980s, the Coorong has long been a research priority and its condition taken seriously. The Millennium Drought led to the creation of the Murray Darling Basin to better manage water flows in the region, though balancing the needs of irrigators, towns and the environment has long been a fraught issue. Long-time Coorong fisherman Glen Hill believes the limited water reserved for the environment - half the amount recommended by scientists - should be released more strategically. The owner of Coorong Wild Seafood said the north of the lagoon was in great shape as freshwater from the river mouth could be easily released into it, while the more isolated south area was in a "terrible" state. He said better-timed water releases to coincide with favourable winds and weather conditions could help more freshwater enter the troubled southern lagoon. Mr Hill has been fishing the area for the prized Yellow-eye mullet and other commercially-important species for decades. Situated at the end of the Murray Darling Basin, Mr Hill said the Coorong was a highly productive fishery thanks to the high levels of nutrient "building blocks" swept downstream. Yet he was acutely familiar with the "domino effect" of harmfully-high salinity levels, knocking out species low on the food chain and leaving fish with little to eat. "When you get to around two times sea water salinity, things start to really go wrong," he said. A spokesperson from the South Australian Department for Environment and Water said the government was committed to protecting the Coorong's ecological character. "This work is achieved by optimising delivery of water for the environment and investing in infrastructure and restoration strategies to improve and protect the health of the system," the spokesperson said. The health of the lagoon vastly improved during the 2022 River Murray floods but the spokesperson said more needed to be done to restore its long-term health. This included refining freshwater flows and working with other basin states to ensure climate science informs its broader management.
