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Investor's glossary & beginner's guide to the stock market
Investor's glossary & beginner's guide to the stock market

The Market Online

time2 days ago

  • Business
  • The Market Online

Investor's glossary & beginner's guide to the stock market

Investing can seem overwhelming at first, especially with all the jargon and complex concepts. This comprehensive guide breaks down the most commonly used financial terms and investment strategies in a simple, easy-to-understand way. Whether you're just starting out or looking to brush up on the basics, this glossary and guide will help you build a strong foundation for your investing journey. This article is a journalistic opinion piece which has been written based on independent research. It is intended to inform investors and should not be taken as a recommendation or financial advice. Introduction to the Stock Market and How It Works The stock market is a marketplace where investors buy and sell shares of publicly traded companies. It operates through exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ. Companies list their shares to raise capital, and investors trade these shares based on supply and demand. Types of Investment Accounts and Choosing the Right One for You There are several types of investment accounts: Brokerage Account : A standard account for buying and selling investments. : A standard account for buying and selling investments. Retirement Accounts : Such as 401(k) and IRA , which offer tax advantages. : Such as and , which offer tax advantages. Robo-Advisors: Automated platforms that manage your investments based on your goals. Choose based on your financial goals, tax situation, and investment timeline. Understanding Stocks, Bonds, and Other Investment Vehicles Stocks : Ownership in a company. You profit through price appreciation and dividends. : Ownership in a company. You profit through price appreciation and dividends. Bonds : Loans to governments or corporations that pay interest over time. : Loans to governments or corporations that pay interest over time. Mutual Funds : Pooled investments managed by professionals. : Pooled investments managed by professionals. ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) : Similar to mutual funds but traded like stocks. : Similar to mutual funds but traded like stocks. REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts): Invest in real estate without owning property. The Basics of Stock Market Terminology Bull Market : A period of rising stock prices. : A period of rising stock prices. Bear Market : A period of declining stock prices. : A period of declining stock prices. Dividend : A portion of a company's earnings paid to shareholders. : A portion of a company's earnings paid to shareholders. Market Capitalization: The total value of a company's outstanding shares. Reading Stock Quotes and Understanding Financial Statements A stock quote includes: Ticker Symbol : The abbreviation for a company (e.g., AAPL for Apple). : The abbreviation for a company (e.g., AAPL for Apple). Price : Current trading price. : Current trading price. P/E Ratio : Price-to-earnings ratio, a valuation metric. : Price-to-earnings ratio, a valuation metric. Volume: Number of shares traded. Financial statements include: Income Statement : Shows profitability. : Shows profitability. Balance Sheet : Shows assets and liabilities. : Shows assets and liabilities. Cash Flow Statement: Tracks cash in and out. Building a Diversified Investment Portfolio for Beginners Diversification means spreading your investments across different asset classes to reduce risk. A well-diversified portfolio might include: Domestic and international stocks Bonds Real estate Cash or cash equivalents Risk Management Strategies for New Investors Asset Allocation : Adjusting your mix of stocks, bonds, and other assets. : Adjusting your mix of stocks, bonds, and other assets. Stop-Loss Orders : Automatically sell a stock if it drops to a certain price. : Automatically sell a stock if it drops to a certain price. Emergency Fund: Keep 3–6 months of expenses in cash before investing. How to Conduct Basic Stock Research Start with: Company fundamentals : Revenue, earnings, debt. : Revenue, earnings, debt. Industry trends : Growth potential and competition. : Growth potential and competition. News and analyst reports: Stay updated on company developments. Understanding Technical Analysis and Chart Patterns (Basic Level) Technical analysis involves studying price charts to predict future movements. Common patterns include: Support and Resistance : Price levels where stocks tend to stop falling or rising. : Price levels where stocks tend to stop falling or rising. Moving Averages : Smooth out price data to identify trends. : Smooth out price data to identify trends. Volume: Confirms the strength of a price move. Common Investing Mistakes to Avoid as a Beginner Timing the Market : Trying to buy low and sell high is risky. : Trying to buy low and sell high is risky. Lack of Research : Don't invest based on hype. : Don't invest based on hype. Ignoring Fees : High fees can eat into returns. : High fees can eat into returns. Emotional Investing: Avoid panic selling or greedy buying. The Importance of Setting Financial Goals and Investment Timeframe Define your goals: Short-term : Buying a car, vacation. : Buying a car, vacation. Medium-term : Home down payment. : Home down payment. Long-term: Retirement, education. Your timeframe affects your risk tolerance and asset allocation. Dollar-Cost Averaging: A Smart Strategy for Beginners Dollar-cost averaging (DCA) means investing a fixed amount regularly, regardless of market conditions. This reduces the impact of volatility and removes the pressure of timing the market. Building Confidence and Long-Term Investing Habits Start small : Even $50/month can grow over time. : Even $50/month can grow over time. Stay consistent : Invest regularly. : Invest regularly. Think long-term: Focus on your goals, not daily market swings. Books : The Intelligent Investor , A Random Walk Down Wall Street . : , . Websites : Investopedia, Morningstar, Yahoo Finance. : Investopedia, Morningstar, Yahoo Finance. Apps : Robinhood, Fidelity, Vanguard, Webull. : Robinhood, Fidelity, Vanguard, Webull. Courses: Many platforms offer free or low-cost investing courses. Getting Started with Your First Investment in the Stock Market Open a brokerage account. Set your goals and budget. Choose your first investment (e.g., an ETF or blue-chip stock). Monitor and adjust as needed. Stockhouse does not provide investment advice or recommendations. All investment decisions should be made based on your own research and consultation with a registered investment professional. The issuer is solely responsible for the accuracy of the information contained herein. For full disclaimer information, please click here .

What You Need To Know About REITs And InvITs
What You Need To Know About REITs And InvITs

News18

time6 days ago

  • Business
  • News18

What You Need To Know About REITs And InvITs

Last Updated: Both REITs and InvITs are pivotal investment avenues in India and offer a chance to get exposure to real estate and infrastructural investment. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) have emerged as critical real estate investment avenues in India. As the country focuses on real estate development and modernising infrastructure, the trusts give investors a structured programme to understand and evaluate information about these sectors. Companies that own, operate, or finance income-producing real estate across a range of property sectors fall under REITs, whereas similar investment vehicles focused on infrastructure projects are called InvITs. Through Real Estate Investment Trusts, investors can earn a share of the income generated through ownership of commercial real estate. Investors don't have to directly buy, manage or finance any properties under REITs. The trusts were introduced in India in 2014. The REITs have gained prominence among investors who want exposure to the real estate sector. Similarly, InvITs help drive investment in a diverse set of infrastructural assets, focusing on toll roads, power plants and pipelines. Introduced in 2016, InvITs attract long-term capital for infrastructural growth in the country. Both REITs and InvITs represent a transformative approach to real estate and infrastructural investment, offering an array of benefits to investors. However, there are certain key distinctions that an investor must consider before going ahead with either of them. Structure: Both REITs and InvITs pool investor funds and have a designated trustee, sponsor and manager, but their priorities differ from each other. Under REITs, the focus is on completed and income-generating real estate, while InvITs invest in roads, power plants and other infrastructural projects. REITs require at least 80 per cent of their assets to be in completed properties and a maximum of 20 per cent in under-construction projects or related securities. Under InvITs, it is mandatory to have 80 per cent of the investment in completed, revenue-generating infrastructure assets. Risk: As REITs offer a diversified portfolio in the real estate world, they come with significantly less risk on investment than InvITs, where infrastructural projects may be disrupted by operational and regulatory challenges. Minimum Investment: Earlier, the minimum subscription amount required for REITs stood at Rs 50,000 and Rs 1,00,000 for InvITs. This threshold has now been lowered to benefit investors, who can now subscribe to both options for Rs 10,000-15,000. view comments First Published: July 24, 2025, 17:34 IST Disclaimer: Comments reflect users' views, not News18's. Please keep discussions respectful and constructive. Abusive, defamatory, or illegal comments will be removed. News18 may disable any comment at its discretion. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Egypt: FRA approves establishment of five new firms for investment fund management, SME financing
Egypt: FRA approves establishment of five new firms for investment fund management, SME financing

Zawya

time17-07-2025

  • Business
  • Zawya

Egypt: FRA approves establishment of five new firms for investment fund management, SME financing

Egypt - The Committee for the Establishment and Licensing of Companies, operating under the supervision of the Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA), has approved the establishment of five new companies. These include Saqr Real Estate Investment Fund, Nawy Shares Real Estate Investment Fund, Saqr for Real Estate IPO Promotion and Fund Management, Nawy Shares for Real Estate IPO Promotion and Fund Management, and Qardy for Medium and Small Enterprise Financing. In addition, the committee granted approval for Ahly Capital for Microfinance ('Tamkeen') to expand its licensed activities to include micro leasing, and for Irada for Microfinance to add medium and small enterprise financing to its business scope. The committee also approved the regularisation of the status of the National Bank of Egypt (NBE) and QNB for registration in the FRA's official registry, allowing both banks to trade in government securities and instruments on the secondary market. Established under FRA Chairperson's Decision No. 3060 of 2023, the Committee for the Establishment and Licensing of Companies is tasked with approving the formation of companies operating within the non-banking financial services sector under FRA oversight. Its responsibilities include granting activity licences; reviewing and approving requests to add new activities, mechanisms, or amend company bylaws; and overseeing regulatory transitions for firms entering or exiting the securities and consumer finance markets. The committee is also responsible for endorsing employee reward and incentive schemes, issuing initial or final establishment approvals, and making determinations on suspending decisions taken by the general assemblies of regulated firms. Additionally, it handles requests related to the opening, relocation, or closure of branches, as well as requests for liquidation, temporary or voluntary suspension of activities, and the registration, renewal, or delisting of company founders' representatives in the non-banking financial sector.

How REITs are redefining wealth creation for India's middle class
How REITs are redefining wealth creation for India's middle class

Economic Times

time13-07-2025

  • Business
  • Economic Times

How REITs are redefining wealth creation for India's middle class

Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads Why it is more urgent now than ever to have tools for inclusive wealth creation Five lesser-known benefits of REITs Protection against Inflation: REIT leases have built-in rental escalations (typically 5% annually) providing a powerful hedge against inflation over time Tax efficiency: REITs are highly tax-efficient, as they avoid double taxation at the corporate level and the dividend component of the distributions is tax-free in the hands of investors. Governance: REITs are governed under strict SEBI Regulations. The governance includes independent trustees, ring-fencing assets, ceiling on debt levels, investment only in rent generating assets, distribution of 90% of income and various other regulations regarding Related Party Transactions, investments, disclosures etc, making REITs a highly secure product. SIP: REITs also allow investments through Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) on various platforms, helping investors build wealth over time through regular contributions and the benefits of rupee-cost averaging Urbane Growth Market Investments: REITs will benefit from India's urban infrastructure boom - driven by growing demand for warehouses (fueled by e-commerce), Grade-A office spaces (led by Global Capability Centers), and retail (spurred by rising consumption) Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads India's rapid economic rise is undeniable, but the mechanisms of wealth creation have still been exclusive in nature for most and have been a domain of the privileged few. However, they are now being shaped by the growing resilience and aspirations of the middle class The creation of wealth has become a priority for both the individual and the nation. Rising disposable incomes along with better financial awareness and hunger for smarter investments are driving this transformation. While India adds nearly three people to the ultra-high net worth bracket every day, the growing middle class (expected to reach one billion by 2030) is now beginning to participate in opportunities traditionally accessed by institutional grade real estate the past, if you wanted to own a commercial property, you needed huge capital, which was available to the ultra-wealthy and others couldn't even dare think. Now, the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) structures are democratizing investment in commercial real estate by making it accessible to even those with modest amounts to invest and converting an exclusive wealth building asset class into an inclusive one.A REIT is a company that owns and operates income-generating real estate assets such as offices and malls, and must pay out 90% of cash flows semi-annually, and have 80% of their portfolios invested in rent generating assets. REITs allow individuals to buy units on the stock exchange, enabling them to invest in large-scale commercial real estate without having to directly own or manage middle class stands at a pivotal moment—adapting to changing market conditions, moderate salary growth, and the impact of inflation on long-term savings. While traditional instruments like fixed deposits, yielding 6–7%, continue to offer safety and stability, they may not always meet the aspirations of an increasingly financially aware and upwardly mobile ownership in real estate, though attractive, often remains out of reach of many due to high entry costs, illiquidity, and regulatory hurdles. This is where the opportunity lies, for capital and innovation to come together and open up newer, safer, more accessible and liquid investment historical terms, income-generating commercial real estate (CRE) was generally the preserve of institutional and also ultra-wealthy investors. With the introduction of REITs, India's middle class can shift from owning only homes to owning other income-generating commercial real estate assets like malls, hotels, warehouses etc. REITs have unlocked access to a once-exclusive asset class, allowing India's growing middle class to participate in the wealth-building potential of commercial real traditional fixed deposits (FDs), REITs offer a more attractive combination of higher returns, regular income through distributions, capital appreciation, and liquidity, while still maintaining a strong safety middle-class investors seeking a balance between stability and growth, REITs present an ideal entry point into modern investment options. They combine the reassurance of tangible assets with the flexibility and diversification typically associated with financial instruments, aligning well with the evolving financial goals of middle-income India moves towards becoming a $5 trillion economy, financial inclusion is critical. In this context, REITs are not just another investment vehicle, they are enablers of economic empowerment. By bridging the gap between aspiration and accessibility, REITs are redefining how India's middle class builds millions of Indians looking to move beyond FDs and fixed-income instruments, they are fast becoming the smarter, safer, and more sustainable choice for wealth REIT revolution is here and it's changing how Indian investors build wealth. – One unit at a time.(The author, Abhishek Agrawal is the Chief Financial Officer at Embassy Office Parks REIT)(Disclaimer: Recommendations, suggestions, views and opinions given by the experts are their own. These do not represent the views of the Economic Times)

Investor interest growing for REITs, InvITs; volumes and value both increasing: ICRA Analytics
Investor interest growing for REITs, InvITs; volumes and value both increasing: ICRA Analytics

India Gazette

time07-07-2025

  • Business
  • India Gazette

Investor interest growing for REITs, InvITs; volumes and value both increasing: ICRA Analytics

New Delhi [India], July 7 (ANI): Rising investor interest amid growing confidence in yield-generating assets is leading to good growth in volumes of publicly traded REITs and InvITs over the last two years, ICRA Analytics said in a statement Monday. The total volumes of public InvITs traded increased by 128.23 per cent in the last two years, while that of public REITs surged by a whopping 399.54 per cent since 2022-23, ICRA Analytics said, a wholly owned subsidiary of ICRA Ltd. REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) and InvITs (Infrastructure Investment Trusts) are investment vehicles that allow investors, both individual and institutional, to participate in the real estate and infrastructure sectors, respectively, without directly owning properties or infrastructure assets. In terms of traded value, public InvITs grew by 115.53 per cent in the last two years, while public REITs increased by 177.78 per cent since 2022-23, said the report. The volume of public InvITs traded, which stood at 2,735 lakh units in 2022-23, has increased to 6,242 lakh units in 2024-25. On a year-on-year basis, volumes traded increased by 20.52 per cent from 5,179 lakh units in 2023-24. The volumes of public REITs traded increased from a mere 3,273 lakh units in 2022-23 to 16,350 lakh units in 2024-25. On a year-on-year basis, it grew by 230.10 per cent from 4,953 lakh units in 2023-24. The total number of unitholders in both these instruments combined increased by 8.23 per cent to 67.23 crore in 2024-25, compared to 62.12 crore in 2023-24. There are currently five InvITs and four REITs which are publicly traded. 'Market capitalisation of public REITs has grown by a healthy 10 per cent over 2023-24. This remarkable growth underscores renewed institutional and retail investor appetite for commercial real estate-backed securities, supported by uptick in office demand and resilient rental yields. Public InvITs have witnessed 4 per cent rise in market capitalisation on a year-on-year basis,' said Madhubani Sengupta, Head- Knowledge Services, ICRA Analytics. 'The consistent uptick points to ongoing confidence in the infrastructure financing ecosystem and growing recognition of InvITs as long-term yield instruments,' added Sengupta. The year-on-year growth in traded volume, traded value, and market capitalisation for both REITs and InvITs highlights robust market participation and a favourable investment climate. 'These trends reflect the growing maturity of India's alternative investment space and its increasing appeal to both domestic and global investors,' ICRA Analytics added. (ANI)

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