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Jurassic tech: Company claims the dire wolf is ‘de-extinct', but is it ethical?
Jurassic tech: Company claims the dire wolf is ‘de-extinct', but is it ethical?

NZ Herald

time25-05-2025

  • Science
  • NZ Herald

Jurassic tech: Company claims the dire wolf is ‘de-extinct', but is it ethical?

The biotech company, backed by big-name investors and celebrities alike, has a goal to bring back the likes of the woolly mammoth, the Tasmanian tiger, the northern white rhino and the dodo. But, even if it's successful, is it right? And, have we learned anything from the happenings in Jurassic Park? University of Otago department of zoology associate professor Nic Rawlence told The Front Page he challenges the term 'de-extinction'. 'The technology they've developed is stunning and will have very real-world conservation benefits, but it's not de-extinction. This is a genetically modified, designer grey wolf. 'If you think of all the individual DNA letters in a genome, which are millions and millions of them, they've only done 20 modifications to that genome. It's only a small number of modifications. But, if we think of functional de-extinction, all they've got is something that looks like a dire wolf,' he said. SOUND ON. You're hearing the first howl of a dire wolf in over 10,000 years. Meet Romulus and Remus—the world's first de-extinct animals, born on October 1, 2024. The dire wolf has been extinct for over 10,000 years. These two wolves were brought back from extinction using… — Colossal Biosciences® (@colossal) April 7, 2025 Even if it were possible to bring back a species, Rawlence said, the ecosystem it was part of no longer exists. 'If you try to de-extinct a moa, New Zealand's only got 25% forest cover. At the time of human arrival, it was 80% forest cover... Central Otago, for example, used to be covered in lancewood and kōwhai, which is weird to think of, but there's no analogue of that anywhere. 'So you haven't got the ecosystems for these animals to go back into. A lot of the ecosystems have been highly modified, they're full of predators. But, also, if you are gonna introduce animals into an ecosystem, you need them to be genetically healthy, not inbred. Think Tutankhamun married his sister, the Habsburgs out of Europe, or even Queen Victoria married her cousin. 'For a population to be genetically healthy, you need at least 500 individuals, which is a very tall order indeed,' he said. The technology could instead be used in ongoing conservation efforts, Rawlence said. 'You could use it to reintroduce lost genetic variation back into kākāpō or takahē so that they have the evolutionary potential to respond to ongoing climate change or diseases. In kākāpō, you've got aspergillosis, lung fungus, or crusty bum. 'So we could use that technology to help what we've got rather than, in my view, assuaging human guilt for causing extinctions.' In Colossal Bioscience's efforts to de-extinct the woolly mammoth, it has bred genetically modified mice with mammoth-inspired traits, such as woolly coats and cold tolerance. The company says the loss of these large, cold-tolerant mammoths over the past 10,000 years has stripped the ecosystem of the Siberian tundra – a grassland that once efficiently absorbed carbon. 'If the mammoth steppe ecosystem could be revived, it could help in reversing the rapid warming of the climate and more pressingly, protect the Arctic's permafrost – one of the world's largest carbon reservoirs,' its website says. 'How many hundreds of millions of dollars are you going to have to spend to bring back enough mammoths to trample Siberia? It won't be 500 mammoths, it's probably gonna be thousands. I think the money's better spent elsewhere,' Rawlence said. 'Sometimes conservation can be sexy, kākāpō or takahē, but often the non-sexy species are the ones that are just as highly endangered, and trying to get money is a lot easier if people are investing in something akin to Jurassic Park.' Listen to the full episode to hear more about whether we've learned anything from Jurassic Park and which 'un-sexy' species need the most help.

How dictators fall: Expert reveals vulnerabilities of tyrannical regimes
How dictators fall: Expert reveals vulnerabilities of tyrannical regimes

NZ Herald

time19-05-2025

  • Politics
  • NZ Herald

How dictators fall: Expert reveals vulnerabilities of tyrannical regimes

How Tyrants Fall: And How Nations Survive, by political scientist Marcel Dirsus delves into the vulnerabilities of authoritarian regimes and explores strategies for their dismantling. He told The Front Page that in our democracies, there is an idea that these leaders are all powerful and can do whatever they want. 'But, the reality is far from that. One of the big problems that these leaders have is that when they lose power, oftentimes they also lose their freedom or their life. 'When political scientists looked at the statistics for this, they found that over two-thirds of personalised dictators ended up imprisoned, in forced exile, or dead, after losing power,' he said. Researching the book, Dirsus interviewed everyone from diplomats to dissidents. 'I talked to war criminals, coup plotters, intelligence officials, and one conversation is always gonna stay with me. It was with a coup plotter who originally was a nonviolent activist. He was half American, half Gambian, and he would raise money to weaken the dictatorship back home. 'But, eventually, things at home got so bad because there were just more reports about people being tortured, killed, that he had a decision to make. At what point would he give up the non-violent struggle and be willing to use violence or to support violence in order to bring down this horrendous dictator?' he said. Smaller countries, like New Zealand, have more influence on the world stage than we might think, Dirsus said. 'These are things like supporting journalists, going ahead with sanctions, supporting independent NGLs. All of these things are good; they're not necessarily going to lead to the fall of dictators immediately, but they will create the conditions that you need for that moment when crisis arrives.' Listen to the full episode to hear more about what makes a tyrant and what more often than not leads to their eventual downfall.

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