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Stablecoins: The First Tokenized Asset That Set The Stage For Digital Finance
Geoff Ira is the CEO of TradeTogether , a Web3 firm specializing in digital assets and wealth management. getty
When people speak of tokenized assets today, they often think of real estate, treasury bonds, securities or even rare whisky entering blockchain markets. But long before these sophisticated use cases, one simple product laid the groundwork: the stablecoin.
Born out of necessity, stablecoins were the first widely adopted tokenized assets. At a time when blockchains lacked a digital equivalent of fiat money, private players stepped in. They created tokens pegged to real-world currencies, mainly the U.S. dollar, that could be transacted as seamlessly as Bitcoin but without the volatility. Yet beneath their surface simplicity lies a deep technological and governance question: What really backs a 'stable' coin?
Not all stablecoins are created equal. While they share the same goal—price stability—their designs differ significantly:
• Fiat-Backed Stablecoins: These tokens—like USDC, USDT or TrueUSD—are backed 1:1 by fiat reserves, offering familiarity and strong institutional traction. Their credibility, however, depends on the transparency of audits and asset backing. PwC, in collaboration with the AICPA, advanced this conversation through its 2024 report on reserve attestations. A 2025 follow-up builds on this foundation, reinforcing the push for greater visibility and standardisation around custodial assets.
• Crypto-Collateralized Stablecoins: These coins, like DAI, are backed by other digital assets (such as Ether) and often over-collateralized to absorb price volatility. The system runs on smart contracts that liquidate positions if the collateral drops too far. These models offer transparency and decentralization but can falter during sharp crypto downturns.
• Commodity-Backed Stablecoins: These are backed by tangible assets such as gold. While appealing to those hedging against inflation, they face storage, liquidity and audit challenges.
• Algorithmic Stablecoins: Arguably the boldest and riskiest category, these coins rely on algorithms to adjust supply and demand to maintain a peg, without underlying collateral. TerraUSD (UST), which collapsed in 2022, became the textbook example of how quickly algorithmic mechanisms can unravel. The Federal Reserve's own research noted that such models are particularly vulnerable to 'run-like dynamics' in the absence of credible backing.
Institutional research has caught up with the rapid evolution of the stablecoin space:
• PwC's 2025 Stablecoin Outlook emphasized their role in cross-border payments and highlighted the growing need for unified compliance frameworks, especially in emerging markets like MENA.
• The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and Financial Stability Board (FSB) have both pushed for international coordination. In 2023, the FSB published 10 key recommendations to ensure stablecoins don't threaten monetary stability.
• The Federal Reserve, in multiple papers, has outlined scenarios where algorithmic coins may mimic the fragility of traditional banking runs, especially without real assets backing them. The Regulatory Shift: The GENIUS Act
In June 2025, the U.S. Senate passed the GENIUS Act (Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins), introducing the first comprehensive federal framework for stablecoins. The law enforces 1:1 reserve backing, monthly disclosures and strict consumer protections—effectively turning stablecoins into regulated financial instruments. While the legislation is U.S.-centric, its influence is likely to extend far beyond. Other financial centers, particularly in Europe and Asia, may look to the GENIUS Act as a reference point for developing their own regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with systemic trust. Beyond The Peg: What's At Stake
What started as a workaround to blockchain limitations is now central to the Web3 economy.
For blockchain to move beyond experimentation and into real-world adoption, users needed three things: speed, security and price stability. Early blockchains struggled to offer all three—particularly due to volatile native tokens and latency in settlement finality. Stablecoins emerged as a technological bridge, preserving the advantages of blockchain (such as programmability and near-instant settlement) while anchoring value in a predictable form. This stability is essential for activities like payments, staking, and lending, where users and institutions simply cannot absorb the risk of high price fluctuations.
Today, stablecoins enable everything from decentralized finance (DeFi) to tokenized treasuries. According to Citi, stablecoins could surpass $3 trillion in circulation by the end of the decade if regulatory clarity and institutional trust are reinforced.
Yet with growth comes responsibility. Transparency in reserve management, clarity in algorithmic logic and adherence to global standards are no longer optional—they're prerequisites for survival. The Takeaway
Stablecoins were never just a convenience; rather, they were a catalyst. They marked the first real-world bridge between traditional finance and digital infrastructure.
As the ecosystem matures and tokenization expands to broader asset classes, the stablecoin remains a mirror of the larger challenge: blending speed and innovation with trust and compliance.
Not all stablecoins will survive. But those that embrace transparency and regulatory engagement might just define the next phase of financial infrastructure.
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