Latest news with #UWC
IOL News
a day ago
- Science
- IOL News
Exploring Paarl-Kaaps: a linguistic study on extraposition and identity
Lawren Hayley Smith Image: UWC A groundbreaking study by Lawren Hayley Smith from the University of the Western Cape (UWC) for her Master's thesis sheds light on the under-documented linguistic system of Paarl-Kaaps, a colloquial variety of Kaaps spoken primarily by coloured communities in the Western Cape. The research, titled Extraposition and Optionality: An Investigation of Information Packaging in Paarl-Kaaps, explores the syntactic phenomenon of extraposition - which involves the displacement of constituents from the middle to the end of the clause - and its role in shaping social identity. Paarl-Kaaps is a West Germanic language with unique grammatical features. Despite its historical roots in Cape Dutch, Kaaps has evolved independently within marginalised communities, distinguishing itself from the standardised languages promoted in formal education and media.. Smith's study highlights how extraposition, a common feature in West Germanic languages, operates in Paarl-Kaaps, offering insights into its grammatical flexibility and sociolinguistic functions. Video Player is loading. Play Video Play Unmute Current Time 0:00 / Duration -:- Loaded : 0% Stream Type LIVE Seek to live, currently behind live LIVE Remaining Time - 0:00 This is a modal window. Beginning of dialog window. Escape will cancel and close the window. Text Color White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Background Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Window Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Transparent Semi-Transparent Opaque Font Size 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400% Text Edge Style None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow Font Family Proportional Sans-Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Serif Casual Script Small Caps Reset restore all settings to the default values Done Close Modal Dialog End of dialog window. Advertisement Next Stay Close ✕ Ad loading Director of the Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities Research (CMDR) and Professor of Linguistics in the Linguistics Department at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), Quentin Williams, said Kaaps, also known as Afrikaaps, is, and remains, a historically marginalised language. 'It has become that, or forged into that, because of colonialism, apartheid nationalism in the past, but also linguistic knowledge that has been formed within colonial history and apartheid, which has sustained the marginalisation," said Prof Williams. He stated that colonial and apartheid linguists significantly contributed to the stigmatisation of Afrikaaps through the knowledge they produced for the apartheid state and the colonial franchise governing the Cape. 'Today, linguists challenge us to create new forms of knowledge. Not only in terms of who the speakers are, but in terms of their bilingualism and multilingualism, especially when we describe the language practice of Afrikaaps speakers,' said Prof Williams. He added that Afrikaaps speakers use language in a very creative and intelligent way in which they practise their form of bilingualism and multilingualism, and this gives meaning to their identities, emphasising that these speakers were not a homogeneous group. Smith's study reveals that extraposition in Paarl-Kaaps is not random, but influenced by grammatical, pragmatic and social factors. Key findings include: Extraposition frequently involves adverbial modifiers, particularly prepositional phrases such as *in die verkeerde straat* → "in the wrong street". Surprisingly, direct objects, which typically resist extraposition in other West Germanic languages, also show displacement in Paarl-Kaaps, albeit less frequently. Extraposition often highlights new or focused information, aligning with principles of "end-weight" and "end-focus," where heavier or more salient constituents appear at the end of clauses for clarity. The study suggests that speakers use extraposition variably to construct identity, adapting their speech based on interlocutors. For instance, younger speakers may restructure their grammar more dynamically than older generations. Smith's research analysed 760 clauses from spoken conversations among four Paarl-Kaaps speakers, divided by age (18–25 and 60+) and language background (Afrikaans-dominant vs bilingual). The corpus revealed that 13.03% of clauses exhibited extraposition, with higher rates in main clauses (12.52%) than in dependent clauses (14.59%). The study underscores how linguistic variation reflects social dynamics. Older speakers with Afrikaans-only backgrounds exhibited different extraposition patterns compared to younger, bilingual speakers. A significant finding of her thesis was that speakers adjusted their use of extraposition based on their conversation partners, suggesting a performative aspect to syntactic choices. Smith acknowledged limitations, such as the small sample size and the need for broader comparative studies with other Kaaps varieties. Future research could explore how extraposition interacts with other linguistic features, such as negation or verb-particle constructions, to paint a fuller picture of Paarl-Kaaps grammar. Prof Williams said Smith's thesis is extremely important because it adds to the growing body of knowledge, which has in recent years increased significantly, in terms of general linguistic theory and broadening the grammatical study of Kaaps. 'In the sense of Paarl-Kaaps, we get to understand that Kaaps is not a phenomenon only isolated to the Cape Flats; in fact, there are Kaaps speakers in Paarl, and in Swartland, Boland. There are Kaaps speakers in Ceres. There are Kaaps speakers all the way to Namibia, Pretoria and Joburg and across South Africa,' said Prof Williams. He said if the study of Kaaps as a linguistic system was taken seriously, then scholars would have a better understanding of how speakers organised meanings, words, sounds and thoughts.
Daily Maverick
2 days ago
- Science
- Daily Maverick
How harnessing AI could transform SA's food systems for sustainable growth and reduced waste
Reducing waste, adding nutrients to food staples, or even coming up with new recipes — computer scientists share some of the AI-powered innovations already taking shape in the Global South that could benefit African food systems. Artificial intelligence has come into the spotlight over the past decade and even more in the past five years with people getting more access to generative chatbot AI platforms such as ChatGPT. Researchers said there were different kinds of AI being used by countries in the Global South to help make their farming practices more efficient, from reducing food waste in the food system to fleet efficiency and making sense of food labels for consumers. The seventh annual Food Indaba explored topics under the theme 'Artificial Intelligence and the Food System'. The Indaba ran from 7 to 20 July. Looking at how AI technologies are shaping African food systems, the director of the eResearch Office at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), Dr Clement Nyirenda, and research scientist and science communicator Frederic Isingizwe presented some of the top applications driven by AI that are being used in the food system. Their presentation was part of multiple discussions and panels hosted at Makers Landing, Cape Town, on Friday, 18 July 2025. In their predictive analysis, Nyirenda said AI would be used for 'forecasting yields, market demand, improved planning, reduced waste and supply chain optimisation'. Their presentation stated that the technology could also assist with tracing and managing inventory, optimising transport routes and food safety monitoring. Nyirenda explained that AI could help implement 'real-time monitoring of food quality and safety standards; climate resilience and climate modelling to adapt farming practices to changing weather patterns'. AI in food systems A number of AI innovations aimed at improving food systems are already being used to achieve sustainable and accessible food, especially for lower-income households. In Malawi, Tanzania and Rwanda there is Sanku's Project Healthy Children, an AI tool for nutrient-rich food processing. It works with small-scale flour mills and aims to combat malnutrition by fortifying flour with essential nutrients. Nyirenda found that the key challenges are 'equipment failures and calibration issues resulting in variable food quality'. He said AI could help 'auto-adjust micronutrient mixes during milling' while 'cloud-based AI analytics track dosing accuracy and machine performance and predictive maintenance alerts that will enable timely servicing and reduce waste'. In East Africa, Ghana, the Caribbean and South East Asia, AgUnity aims to help smallholder farmers with record keeping, coordination to have more organised harvesting, storage and distribution. This could help reduce 'significant food spoilage and waste in rural farming systems', said Nyirenda. 'AgUninty is a low-cost smartphone that uses a blockchain-powered transaction platform built to digitally empower remote farmers and address financial and reduce digital exclusion,' Nyirenda said to delegates. Koko is mainstreaming liquid bioethanol cooking fuel as a fast, safe and affordable alternative to dirty cooking fuels such as charcoal. They partner with the downstream fuels industry to 'drop in' this new fuel, and offer a suite of distribution, dispensing and end-use technologies that ensure customers can safely access clean fuel at prices that undercut dirty fuels. It has software-integrated bioethanol cookers that measure carbon impact. Nyirenda said he was surprised at some of the innovations already taking shape in the Global South. 'I chose these specifically because they are used in countries with a similar socioeconomic state to South Africa,' he said. He added that despite his tech science background, he had found himself roped into the work of food security and food systems through interdisciplinary collaboration with his colleagues at UWC's the Centre for Excellence in Food Security. 'AI can prevent the big food losses that happen in the food system. It can also help with quality control and other things such as helping to create recipes and new menus. People are coming up with cool ideas using these tools,' says Nyirenda. Obstacles to implementation Isingizwe shared the hindrances to rapid development of these technologies in the South African context, such as a distrust of the technology, especially in rural and farming communities. 'Obstacles in South Africa's agricultural sector can be a lack of reliable data for training AI models that are locally relevant, high costs associated with adopting AI technologies, particularly for smallholder farmers, a lack of training and expertise in AI among farmers and agricultural workers, and inadequate technological infrastructure in rural farming areas may limit access to technology and internet connectivity,' said Isingizwe. He pointed out that not having clear policies or frameworks governing AI for integrating it in food systems was a challenge and showed a resistance to change. 'Traditional farming practices may hinder the adoption of innovative technologies,' said Isingizwe. In his research he predicted that AI could help reduce post-harvest losses by 70%; increase farmer income by 20-40%; while retailer networks could reach more informal vendors with fewer vehicles. One of the delegates, a small-scale farmer from Langa, said he was not aware there was so much use of AI-powered technologies in agriculture already. 'I am older so I feel like this AI stuff has already left me. We are still dealing with simple issues like accessing markets and pulling together as smallholder farmers in the community.' Kurt Ackermann, the CEO of the South African Urban Food and Farming Trust, said that 'as the focus shifts toward the role of cities, and city planning, in addressing food security, AI could play a significant role in how the cities of the future — and by extension the food systems of the future — might better serve the needs of human beings. 'Conventional thinking about AI puts the technology at the centre of the discussion, whereas the creation of a more humane world — and how AI could help — is at the heart of Food Indaba 2025.' Ackerman also noted that although the discussion of the day was about the practical implementation of the technology, he wanted the discussion to keep in mind the question: How do we get food on people's tables? The South African Urban Food and Farming Trust has done immense work to help realise food security in urban spaces and has collaborated with multiple organisations for more than a decade, and even across South Africa's borders. DM
CAF
6 days ago
- Sport
- CAF
Fikile Magama: A Born Winner shining brightest at WAFCON
In a tournament brimming with global and established superstars, South African defender Fikile Magama has found a deserved place among the TotalEnergies WAFCON 2024 Group Stages Best XI as selected by the Technical Study Group. Her name Fikile means "Arrived" in isiXhosa. And arrive she has. Magama has arrived at the continental stage and looks comfortable with the big names. Quiet and very reserved off the pitch, mostly found in a corner minding her own business but overall locked in on the purpose. 'Being in the Best XI means a lot to me. I didn't expect it but looking back at how far I have come, being in the Best XI shows how much work I've done to get to where I am today,' Magama says to CAFOnline in an exclusive interview. 'The WAFCON is an amazing experience. As someone attending for the first time, I am truly impressed by the community's enthusiasm and knowledge. The sessions have been great, and the chance to connect with others is excellent within Banyana Banyana. What has stood up for me the most is fighting for one another on the field even when I make a mistake my teammate is there to motivate me and that has kept me going and made me want to give my all,' the 23-year-old defender adds. From Gugulethu to the World Magama started playing football at the tender age of seven. Her passion for the beautiful game was supported by her lovely grandmother who took her to Cape Town Roses where her skills were harnessed until she was 15 when she moved to Dangerous Heroes in Philippi still in the Mother City. Then she joined Phuhla FC (a boys' team). As a young girl with dreams of gaining further education, Magama joined the University of Western Cape. UWC as they are commonly known have a solid football platform for young ladies and for Magama, this was the perfect fit. Enrolled into the Sport Recreation Exercise Sciences, Magama is focusing on achieving both her dreams – education and football. Playing under Thinasonke Mbuli at UWC at club level has seen her grow her game whilst also winning titles including the Women's Varsity Football title in 2021. Mbuli is also the assistant coach of the Banyana Banyana. This growth in leaps and bounds earned her more recognition from the national junior coaches including former South African captain cum head coach of the U17 and later the U20 national team at the time – Simphiwe Dludlu. 'When I first met her, she was very shy but could speak up. She didn't impress me on the position she played at first in camp, but I remember her asking me to play a totally different position because she could kick with her left foot. I never regretted keeping her in the team because she ended up being a key player at the FIFA U17 Women's World Cup in 2018 in Uruguay and beyond,' Dludlu reminisces. Dludlu, who is working as a broadcast commentator at the WAFCON in Morocco and commentated South Africa's first two games – against Ghana and Tanzania, reveals that, 'Her insight of the game has drastically improved, and she has been tactically versatile. She has so far executed her role as a defender pretty well against different opposition. She was good with 1v1 in defense and covering her other defenders. Her transition from defense to attack has been a marvel to watch. She almost scored against Tanzania. I saw confidence shine through.' Praises galore Banyana Banyana head coach Dr Desiree Ellis who has selected her to start in all three of South Africa's Group C fixtures against Ghana, Tanzania and Mali is singing her praises. 'For a very long time, Lebohang Ramalepe has been the right back for Banyana Banyana but the qualities that Fikile has, we realized that we could utilize them at right back and the qualities that Ramalepe has, we could utilize them further up field. She played all three games in the group stages. It shows the quality that she has had. She has grown and she has matured so, so much. She offers us so much going forward as well. She could have scored against Mali but defensively she is very sound,' Ellis says with such enthusiasm about Magama. 'She has played 90+ minutes in all these matches. She has also got the experience of going to the U17 World Cup and that experience is second to none. She was part of our squad at the 2023 World Cup [in Australia and New Zealand]. It just shows how she has grown and how she has matured. In some of our games, she has even played left back. She is that versatile.' 'I think she is a huge part of the defense and why we have only conceded one goal in the tournament, and she is going to be on top of her game in the next game. We trust her and we have faith in her. At the club [UWC], she has matured as well. I think having coach Thina there has really helped her grow and develop but she has really showed that she is up there and can battle it out there with the best that the continent can offer. I just hope that she continues in this reign because she has really matured and grown and gotten better.' 'She also has got the experience of playing at the CAF Women's Champions League (CAFWCL) and the COSAFA in an unfamiliar role. I think she played at left back. It shows the strength and the quality that she has. All those experiences put together are now coming through. It is showing in the way that she performs, in the way that she adds value to the team and she has been one of the pillars of the team at this tournament.' Magama played a key role in inspiring UWC to finishing second in the topflight league in South Africa which earned them a place in the CAFWCL COSAFA Qualifiers reaching the final and winning 9-8 on penalties following a 1-1 after extra time against Botswana's Gaborone United. Magama scored one of the penalties that earned the university side a place at the continent's biggest inter-club competition that took place in Morocco. Quarterfinal test This is the first time that the Banyana Banyana are at the WAFCON as defending champions. Winners in 2022, South Africa have one goal – to defend their title. But in front of them is a very ambitious Senegal side that are desperate to return to the last eight for a second consecutive edition. The Teranga Lionesses will face their biggest test at the competition. And to stop Senegal, Magama and her teammates will have to once again dig deep into their experience of winning the last edition and playing at back-to-back World Cups. 'We want to win against Senegal in the quarterfinals. Our team will need to focus on several key areas; strong defence, clinical finishing, midfield control, teamwork and strategy, physical and mental preparation and lastly adaptability,' Magama predicts. This quarterfinal matchup between South Africa and Senegal will be the first time the two teams are meeting in the knockout stages of the TotalEnergies WAFCON. With Banyana Banyana playing all their three Group C matches at the Honneur Stadium in Oujda, it has become a home for them at this competition. Magama and her teammates will be hoping to use that to their advantage against Senegal on Saturday at 8pm (local time).
The Citizen
16-07-2025
- Health
- The Citizen
Measles outbreak spurs urgent vaccination drive in Gauteng
The Gauteng Department of Health has intensified public health efforts in response to a surge in measles cases across Gauteng. Prof Talitha Crowley, a public health expert from the University of the Western Cape (UWC), has also urged a further scale-up of measles vaccinations to help curb the ongoing outbreak. Crowley, who is the academic division head at the School of Nursing, said Gauteng's vaccination coverage (reportedly under 75%) is well below the threshold to prevent outbreaks. 'To prevent any measles outbreak, we actually need less than 5% who are not vaccinated in a community. In other words, 95% vaccination coverage.' In Gauteng, a total of 181 laboratory-confirmed measles cases have been reported from January 1 to June 13, with many of these cases emanating from the Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni districts. 'In Gauteng, districts with high numbers of zero-dose children (those who have received no immunisations) may experience a surge in cases,' said Crowley. She noted that according to a vaccine hesitancy webinar conducted by the Department of Health last year, in some areas up to 22% of children were unvaccinated. 'Children are routinely vaccinated against measles at six and 12 months as part of South Africa's Expanded Programme on Immunisation. Catch-up doses are available for those who missed their vaccinations, with no upper age limit.' Despite being vaccine-preventable, measles continues to pose a serious health threat, particularly to young children and vulnerable communities. She warned that it is not just a childhood illness, but it is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe complications and even death. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can linger in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours, making it alarmingly easy to contract. Symptoms typically appear seven to 14 days after exposure, beginning with fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. A few days later, a distinctive red rash emerges on the face and spreads across the body. 'By the time the rash appears, the person is already in the most contagious phase. Complications from measles can be devastating. The virus damages the lining of the skin, gut, lungs, eyes, and sometimes the liver and brain, while also weakening the immune system,' explained Crowley. 'This can lead to diarrhoea, pneumonia, blindness, encephalitis, and even death. Children under two, those who are malnourished, and immuno-suppressed individuals are especially at risk.' As for prevention, vaccination remains the most effective defence, said Crowley. 'One dose of the measles vaccine offers about 93% protection, and two doses increase this to around 97%.' While rare, vaccinated individuals can still contract measles, but their symptoms are usually mild and less likely to spread. Crowley advised: 'If symptoms appear, seek medical attention immediately and inform your healthcare provider. Measles is a notifiable condition in South Africa. With vigilant immunisation efforts and public awareness, measles can be controlled and lives can be saved.' From January to June, 379 laboratory-confirmed measles cases and 409 rubella cases were reported by the Measles Reference Laboratory at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa. Measles surveillance using wastewater has identified evidence of measles predominance in Gauteng, with sporadic detections in other provinces. ALSO READ: New Ward 44 councillor vows to tackle service delivery Do you have more information about the story? Please send us an email to [email protected] or phone us on 083 625 4114. For free breaking and community news, visit Rekord's websites: Rekord East For more news and interesting articles, like Rekord on Facebook, follow us on Twitter or Instagram or TikTok. At Caxton, we employ humans to generate daily fresh news, not AI intervention. Happy reading!
IOL News
15-07-2025
- Health
- IOL News
Gauteng's measles outbreak prompts urgent call for vaccination
In Gauteng a total of 181 laboratory-confirmed measles cases have been reported from 1 January to 13 June 2025. Image: Supplied The provincial Department of Health has intensified its public health efforts in response to a surge in measles cases across Gauteng. A public health expert from the University of the Western Cape (UWC) has also urged a further scale-up of measles vaccinations to help curb the ongoing outbreak. Prof Talitha Crowley, the Academic Division Head at the School of Nursing, said that vaccination coverage in the province, reportedly under 75%, is well below the threshold to prevent outbreaks. "To prevent any measles outbreak, we actually need less than 5% who are not vaccinated in a community. In other words, 95% vaccination coverage." In Gauteng, a total of 181 laboratory-confirmed measles cases have been reported from 1 January to 13 June 2025, with many of these cases emanating from Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni districts. She continued, 'In Gauteng, districts with high numbers of zero-dose children - those who have received no immunisations - may experience a surge in cases.' UWC Associate Professor Talitha Crowley Image: UWC According to a vaccine hesitancy webinar conducted by the Department of Health in 2024, in some areas up to 22% of children were unvaccinated Prof Crowley noted. 'Encouragingly, the Cape Metropole increased its under-5 immunisation coverage to 90% by early 2025, thanks to targeted campaigns. Children are routinely vaccinated against measles at six and 12 months as part of South Africa's Expanded Programme on Immunisation. Catch-up doses are available for those who missed their vaccinations, with no upper age limit.' Despite being vaccine-preventable, measles continues to pose a serious health threat, particularly to young children and vulnerable communities. She warned that measles is not just a childhood illness - it's a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe complications and even death. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can linger in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours, making it alarmingly easy to contract. Symptoms typically appear seven to 14 days after exposure, beginning with fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. A few days later, a distinctive red rash emerges, starting on the face and spreading across the body. 'By the time the rash appears, the person is already in the most contagious phase. Complications from measles can be devastating. The virus damages the lining of the skin, gut, lungs, eyes, and sometimes the liver and brain, while also weakening the immune system,' explained Prof Crowley. 'This can lead to diarrhoea, pneumonia, blindness, encephalitis, and even death. Children under two, those who are malnourished, and immunosuppressed individuals are especially at risk.' As for prevention, vaccination remains the most effective defence, said Crowley, 'One dose of the measles vaccine offers about 93% protection, and two doses increase this to around 97%. While rare, vaccinated individuals can still contract measles, but symptoms are usually mild and less likely to spread.' In cases where someone is exposed to measles, individuals should confirm their immunity status - the body's ability to resist disease either naturally or through vaccination. Post-exposure vaccination within three days can help prevent infection. Prof Crowley advised: 'If symptoms appear, seek medical attention immediately and inform your healthcare provider. Measles is a notifiable condition in South Africa. With vigilant immunisation efforts and public awareness, measles can be controlled and lives can be saved.'
