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The Hindu
6 days ago
- Politics
- The Hindu
Nigerian garrison town offers haven for people fleeing jihadists
From the air, Monguno looks like a fortress, with deep trenches slashing into the sand around this garrison town in northeast Nigeria's volatile Borno State. These defences have kept the Monguno largely secure despite the region witnessing a recent surge in attacks on military bases by jihadists fighting a grinding 16-year war. Fighting in Borno may have eased since the conflict's peak in 2015, as jihadists have been forced back. But militants from the Islamic State West Africa Province group or its rival, Boko Haram, have attacked or temporarily overrun a dozen army bases this year in Borno and neighbouring Yobe state. Monguno itself fell briefly to the jihadists in 2015. Since 2019, the Nigerian army has withdrawn from villages and smaller bases to hunker down in so-called "supercamps", or garrison towns, to protect its troops. But critics argue this gives the jihadists free rein in rural areas. IED blasts have skyrocketed The roads leading to Monguno are dotted with barriers to slow down vehicles approaching it. As soon as they pass the last trenches to the north and towards the shores of Lake Chad, where attacks are most frequent, two soldiers equipped with metal detectors sweep the road. "We clear this 10-kilometre (six-mile) route every day to neutralise any explosive devices that may have been hidden there during the night," said Major Oluwafemi Seyingbo, 37, who heads this demining unit. According to the United Nations Mine Action Service, the number of improvised explosive device blasts skyrocketed in 2024 in Nigeria's three northeastern states, resulting in 418 civilian casualties in 2024, twice as many as in 2023. Twelve checkpoints manned by the Nigerian army control the various entrances to Monguno. Major Friday Feekwe, 37, commands one of them. "In March, we repelled two attacks in a few weeks. The attackers arrived in large numbers, equipped with heavy weapons," he said. Since then, the checkpoint has been equipped with an imposing watchtower covered with camouflage netting and a 12.7 mm machine gun. Monguno has been barricaded for the past four years to ward off attacks by Boko Haram. At its peak in 2013 and 2014 the group made global headlines for kidnapping nearly 300 schoolgirls from Chibok, also located in Borno. Then, the jihadists controlled a 30,000-square-kilometre (12,600-square-mile) area straddling the countries surrounding Lake Chad. 'Peace and security here' Monguno has become a refuge for the people of Borno thanks to the presence of the Multinational Joint Task Force, which groups troops from three Lake Chad countries: Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, and Benin. The vast base houses the force's Nigerian sector command. Outside the Monguno base, Umar Bullam, spade in hand, was at work in complete safety. "I had land more than five kilometres from here that I had to abandon after Boko Haram looted my crops and fertiliser," the 30-year-old said. "There is peace and security here," said Hauwa Garba. The 35-year-old arrived at the Monguno registration centre for displaced people two months ago from neighbouring southern Niger, where she had lived for 11 years. The jihadists arrived in her village "in the middle of the night and killed the adults and kidnapped the children", the mother of seven said in a low voice. She has no news of one of her daughters, 15-year-old Aisha, who was captured that night. Borno State alone accounts for nearly half of Nigeria's 3.6 million displaced people, according to the UN. "Nigeria has managed to prevent jihadist groups from capturing major cities as they did in 2013-2014 or 2016," said Vincent Foucher, a researcher at the CNRS, or the French Institute for Scientific Research. But despite a reinforced trench system and aerial surveillance, the country "still has great difficulty attacking jihadists in the heart of their territories in more remote areas", he said. The resurgence of attacks is all the more worrying given that the groups now have new means at their disposal, as demonstrated by the first use of drones on December 24 against the Wajiroko military base in northeast Nigeria. "Thanks to the precision of drones, the Islamic State in West Africa, if not quickly stopped... could transform relatively secure military outposts and civilian locations into precarious targets," the Institute for Security Studies (ISS Africa) warned in a June report.
Kuwait Times
7 days ago
- Politics
- Kuwait Times
Nigerian garrison town offers haven for people fleeing jihadists
MONGUNO, Nigeria: From the air, Monguno looks like a fortress, with deep trenches slashing into the sand around this garrison town in northeast Nigeria's volatile Borno State. These defenses have kept the Monguno largely secure despite the region witnessing a recent surge in attacks on military bases by jihadists fighting a grinding 16-year war. Fighting in Borno may have eased since the conflict's peak in 2015, as jihadists have been forced back. But militants from the Islamic State West Africa Province group or its rival, Boko Haram, have attacked or temporarily overrun a dozen army bases this year in Borno and neighboring Yobe state. Monguno itself fell briefly to the jihadists in 2015. Since 2019, the Nigerian army has withdrawn from villages and smaller bases to hunker down in so-called 'supercamps', or garrison towns, to protect its troops. But critics argue this gives the jihadists free rein in rural areas. The roads leading to Monguno are dotted with barriers to slow down vehicles approaching it. As soon as they pass the last trenches to the north and towards the shores of Lake Chad, where attacks are most frequent, two soldiers equipped with metal detectors sweep the road. 'We clear this 10-kilometre (six-mile) route every day to neutralize any explosive devices that may have been hidden there during the night,' said Major Oluwafemi Seyingbo, 37, who heads this demining unit. According to the United Nations Mine Action Service, the number of improvised explosive device blasts skyrocketed in 2024 in Nigeria's three northeastern states, resulting in 418 civilian casualties in 2024, twice as many as in 2023. Twelve checkpoints manned by the Nigerian army control the various entrances to Monguno. Major Friday Feekwe, 37, commands one of them. 'In March, we repelled two attacks in a few weeks. The attackers arrived in large numbers, equipped with heavy weapons,' he said. Since then, the checkpoint has been equipped with an imposing watchtower covered with camouflage netting and a 12.7 mm machine gun. Monguno has been barricaded for the past four years to ward off attacks by Boko Haram. At its peak in 2013 and 2014 the group made global headlines for kidnapping nearly 300 schoolgirls from Chibok, also located in Borno. Then, the jihadists controlled a 30,000-square-kilometre (12,600-square-mile) area straddling the countries surrounding Lake Chad. Monguno has become a refuge for the people of Borno thanks to the presence of the Multinational Joint Task Force, which groups troops from three Lake Chad countries: Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, and Benin. The vast base houses the force's Nigerian sector command. Outside the Monguno base, Umar Bullam, spade in hand, was at work in complete safety. 'I had land more than five kilometers from here that I had to abandon after Boko Haram looted my crops and fertilizer,' the 30-year-old said. 'There is peace and security here,' said Hauwa Garba. The 35-year-old arrived at the Monguno registration centre for displaced people two months ago from neighboring southern Niger, where she had lived for 11 years. The jihadists arrived in her village 'in the middle of the night and killed the adults and kidnapped the children', the mother of seven said in a low voice. She has no news of one of her daughters, 15-year-old Aisha, who was captured that night. — AFP Borno State alone accounts for nearly half of Nigeria's 3.6 million displaced people, according to the UN. 'Nigeria has managed to prevent jihadist groups from capturing major cities as they did in 2013-2014 or 2016,' said Vincent Foucher, a researcher at the CNRS, or the French Institute for Scientific Research. But despite a reinforced trench system and aerial surveillance, the country 'still has great difficulty attacking jihadists in the heart of their territories in more remote areas', he said. The resurgence of attacks is all the more worrying given that the groups now have new means at their disposal, as demonstrated by the first use of drones on December 24 against the Wajiroko military base in northeast Nigeria. – AFP
Shafaq News
01-05-2025
- Politics
- Shafaq News
Spoiled by the coil: Iraq's mines battles take their toll
Shafaq News/ In a remote village near the Iranian border in Maysan province, 14-year-old Qusay Salman and his older brother, Hussein, were simply on an errand to fetch water. But with one step, Qusay's life was tragically cut short when he triggered a hidden landmine. The explosion took him instantly, while Hussein was left with a shattered leg. Their story is just one of many in Iraq, where an estimated 25 million landmines and unexploded remnants of war (ERWs) still lie buried beneath the earth, silently claiming lives. Across the country, these deadly relics from past conflicts continue to inflict a toll on the innocent, making the land a silent battleground long after the guns have fallen silent. A Deadly Map Iraq is home to one of the world's most deadly and expansive minefields. Over 2,100 square kilometers of land remain tainted by landmines, cluster munitions, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), posing an ongoing threat to civilians and hindering the country's efforts to recover and rebuild. The spread of these deadly remnants traces the scars of Iraq's turbulent past, with each region carrying the marks of a different conflict. In the south, the consequences of the Iran–Iraq War still haunt the landscape. During the 1980s, the Iraqi military planted thousands of mines, primarily Soviet-made TM-46 and PMN models, across Basra, Maysan, and Wasit in an attempt to block Iranian forces. Decades later, much of this land remains unsafe. In Basra alone, over 1,200 square kilometers are still contaminated, with some areas, like the Shatt al-Arab district, remaining un-surveyed since the 1990s. This leaves local communities at constant risk, their daily lives shaped by the threat of hidden explosives beneath their feet. As we move inland, the story shifts to the aftermath of the 2003 US-led invasion and the insurgency that followed. The use of IEDs by insurgent groups became widespread across al-Anbar, Saladin, and Baghdad, creating unmarked minefields throughout urban and rural areas. In Fallujah, where families are slowly returning after years of displacement, many discover their homes rigged with explosives buried in walls, floors, and furniture. The impact is staggering; according to the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), nearly 16% of al-Anbar's farmland remains off-limits due to contamination, crippling both agriculture and reconstruction efforts. The North tells a different, even more complex story. Between 2014 and 2017, as ISIS took control of Nineveh and Sinjar, the group left behind a trail of destruction, rigging homes, roads, and fields with mines and booby traps. In Mosul, the remnants are so dense that clearance teams have reported up to 8,000 explosive hazards per square kilometer, one of the highest concentrations in the world. In the Kurdistan Region, cross-border airstrikes from Turkiye and Iran regularly scatter unexploded ordnance (UXOs) in areas like Al-Amediya, Sidakan, and Qandil, complicating already the difficult clearance efforts and adding to the peril that local communities face. Rebar Mahmoud, head of operations at the Iraqi Kurdistan Mine Action Agency (IKMAA), describes the task of clearing these explosive remnants as a multi-layered challenge. 'We're dealing with at least four layers of contamination,' he explains. 'It's like peeling back time; from Saddam's wars, to the American occupation, ISIS, and now the airstrikes. Each era has left its own signature of destruction.' A Generation at Risk Since 2004, Iraq's Ministry of Health has documented at least 14,835 civilian casualties from explosive remnants, with over 5,000 fatalities. Yet, experts from organizations like the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) and the Iraqi Civil Society Initiative (ICSI) caution that these numbers may only scratch the surface. They estimate that the true toll could be closer to 20,000, a reflection of the significant underreporting in remote and tribal areas, where access remains limited. The impact of this crisis is striking, especially when examining recent data. In just the first quarter of 2024, 16 children were harmed by unexploded ordnance. Tragically, this trend mirrors the previous year, which saw 38 child fatalities and 47 injuries from the same cause. Shockingly, minors under the age of 18 account for 41% of all casualties. These young victims endure injuries ranging from amputations and severe burns to deep lacerations and other life-altering wounds. Yet the true cost goes far beyond the physical. For many, the psychological trauma runs deeper, leaving invisible scars that linger long after the blast. Rami, a 12-year-old survivor from Mosul, spoke of the ongoing terror that shadows his every step, "I can't sleep without hearing the explosion in my head. I wake up in the middle of the night, scared that I'll step on another mine." For Rami, the memories of fear and pain are ever-present, a reminder that even after the immediate threat is gone, the emotional scars remain. The psychological toll is compounded by Iraq's severe shortage of mental health services. The country's infrastructure for psychological care remains underdeveloped, leaving many survivors to cope with their trauma in isolation. "We try to help them, but there aren't enough resources," explained Dr. Hanan al-Majed, a mental health specialist in Mosul. "The children are the most affected, and we don't have enough therapists to handle the demand." With so few mental health professionals available, countless survivors never receive the support they so desperately need, leaving their wounds, both physical and emotional, untreated Fragile Progress More than two decades after the fall of Saddam Hussein, Iraq's efforts to clear these deadly remnants are in jeopardy. Since 2003, Iraq has partnered with international demining organizations like the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), Mines Advisory Group (MAG), Danish Demining Group, and Norwegian People's Aid. Together, they've cleared over 3,200 square kilometers of land and destroyed more than 2.3 million explosive devices. These accomplishments have helped communities rebuild, roads reopen, and farmland spring back to life. However, the tide has begun to turn. UNMAS Iraq's 2024 Mid-Year Review shows that clearance operations have dropped by 38% since 2020. This decline is driven by deepening political tensions, shrinking international funding, and, more critically, a breakdown in coordination that threatens to unravel years of progress. In late 2023, a crucial cooperation agreement between the Iraqi government and the United Nations quietly expired following a breakdown in budget talks. This deadlock has brought joint operations to a halt. Iraqi officials blame UNMAS for a lack of transparency in awarding contracts to local demining firms, while UN agencies point to Baghdad's bureaucratic delays and ongoing funding issues. 'This wasn't just a misunderstanding, it was a breakdown of trust,' confirmed a UN source familiar with the talks. Without a shared framework, we've had to suspend joint clearance missions in Nineveh, Diyala, and Maysan indefinitely', he added. The consequences of this rift have been swift and far-reaching. Eleven major projects, including the Mosul Old City Urban Recovery Corridor, have been suspended. More than 420 local deminers have lost their jobs, and nearly 850,000 square meters of high-risk land set for clearance in 2025 now face indefinite delays. While Iraq's own demining agencies continue their work, they are stretched thin. The National Mine Action Authority (NMAA) and the Kurdistan Mine Action Agency (IKMAA) are struggling with limited resources. For example, IKMAA has only 18 teams to cover five provinces—an overwhelming task given the scale of contamination. 'The gap left by UNMAS is a chasm,' said Ola Almohor, former Country Director of UNMAS Iraq. 'Without renewed collaboration, Iraq will not meet its Ottawa Treaty target, not in 2030, not in 2040.' Iraq signed the Ottawa Treaty in 1997, committing to eliminate anti-personnel mines and clear all contaminated land by 2025. That deadline was quietly extended to 2030, but even that target now feels out of reach. Efforts to restore cooperation are underway. A new government committee in Baghdad is reviewing Iraq's strategy with the UN, hoping to resolve the issues and restart stalled projects. But with time running out, each passing day adds to the burden, and families continue to live in fear. Their Scars Tell a Story While national and international bodies face mounting challenges, on the ground, Iraqis are finding their own ways to fight back against the hidden threat beneath their soil. Rather than remain passive victims, communities across the country are taking action, organizing, and using innovative solutions to confront the deadly legacy of landmines. In al-Amara, the capital of Maysan province, Wadi for Peace, a local NGO, is at the forefront of this movement. The organization trains villagers and shepherds to identify explosives, safely report dangers, and take swift action when needed. In 2023 alone, their mobile reporting system recorded over 1,400 alerts, leading to 600 confirmed landmine clearances by the Iraqi Demining and Mine Action Center (DMA). 'We can't wait for the government or the UN,' said Ali Khazal, director of Wadi for Peace. 'People have to be their own first responders.' This call for self-reliance is echoed in Kirkuk, where a group of landmine survivors has turned their suffering into a force for awareness and change. In 2022, they founded Tigers Without Borders, Iraq's first football team made up entirely of landmine victims. The team travels to schools and camps to spread the word about the dangers of unexploded ordnance. Captain Hayder Salih, who lost his legs to a landmine while serving as a Peshmerga fighter, summed up their mission with these words, stating, 'We kick with prosthetics, but we carry a message. We are more than our wounds; we are the voice of those still waiting for help.'
Zawya
07-04-2025
- Politics
- Zawya
Mine Awareness Day: Demining goal within reach but fears of conflict reversing progress
The decades of brutal civil war that ravaged South Sudan left behind a terrible legacy of land littered by landmines, cluster munitions, and unexploded ordnances. Since 2004, more than 5,000 people have been killed by explosions from these devices. However, significant strides have been made to tackle this deadly threat, with the United Nations Mine Action Service in South Sudan (UNMAS) destroying more than 1.2 million unexploded ordnances, releasing over 1,300 square kilometers of land, and clearing more than 4,000 kilometers of roads in the past two decades. While this achievement was commemorated when South Sudan marked International Mine Awareness Day, recent political tensions and escalating conflict made several speakers caution the country's leaders against undoing the progress made. 'Let's learn how to stay safe and how to be reasonable about our future, because if we don't stay safe, the future is not predictable,' said Agot Alier, a UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) Young Reporter. While he may have been primarily addressing fellow children, nobody could misunderstand his message: Do the right thing today to make our shared tomorrow better. For that to happen, Zehrudin Sukanovic, Chief of the UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) in South Sudan, an integral part of the UN peacekeeping mission in the country, pledged to continue to live by the motto 'challenge the challenges' which has served the demining sector well. 'We remained resilient and unified and kept working together towards a shared vision of peace, safety, and stability,' Mr. Sukanovic said, referring to how UNMAS, the National Mine Action Authority and other stakeholders confronted the setbacks caused by the civil wars in 2013 and 2016. Through a collective effort, these partners have cleared 15,000 agricultural areas, 344 schools, 316 water points and 437 health clinics, making it possible for communities across the country to resume farming and trade, and for thousands of girls and boys to safely attend school. 'The goal is within reach. South Sudan is committed to its international obligations and other treaties to declare our country mine-free by 2030,' affirmed Jurkuch Barach Jurkuch, Chairperson of the National Mine Action Authority. With 'just' 22 square kilometers of land known to be contaminated by mines and other explosives left to be cleared, the task may seem easier than it actually is, with current insecurity and financial issues clouding the horizon. ''Safe futures start here' is more than a slogan – it's a call to action. Our collective responsibility is to ensure that mine action remains a priority. Each mine cleared and each piece of land made safe is a step toward peace,' said Anita Kiki Gbeho, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Humanitarian/Resident Coordinator, who also stressed the need for sustained funding and political commitment to the cause. With the activities of both peacekeepers and humanitarian actors often depending on the removal of explosive remnants of war, there are multiple reasons to share the sentiments expressed by UNMAS chief, Zehruddin Sukanovic. 'I sincerely hope that 2025 will represent a solid step forward rather than yet another obstacle in our ongoing journey to secure a safer space and future for the people of South Sudan.' Distributed by APO Group on behalf of United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS).
