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Irish Independent
4 days ago
- Science
- Irish Independent
Ancient nobles' ringfort revealed by archaeologists in Galway
Rathgurreen Ringfort, in the Maree area of Co Galway, has been described as an impressive 'high-status' settlement that could date anywhere from the 5th to 12th century AD. An eight-week archaeological excavation, directed by Dr Michelle Comber and Dr Noel McCarthy of the Discipline of Archaeology at University of Galway, has also revealed exciting new layers to the story of the panoramic site with views south to the Burren, west to the Atlantic, and north across Galway. The ringfort was first investigated and proposed as a high-status settlement – home to a local ruler such as a king or lord – by Professor Michael Duignan, then chairman of archaeology at the university, in the late 1940s. Excavations now suggest that parts of the site are potentially 1,000 years older than previously thought, with evidence of contact with Rome, Scotland, France, and Scandinavia, possibly including the trade of valuable purple dye made at Rathgurreen. A team of professionals, students and volunteers took part in the archaeological dig this summer on a section of the 100m-diameter ringfort. Dr Comber, lecturer in archaeology at the university, said: 'What we can say with some certainty is that Maree is an ancient territory. 'Our research confirms that Rathgurreen was the home of a noble family – hence the description as high-status. 'But the story is much deeper and richer. We have evidence of continuity and change at this site – a settlement that possibly dates back to the Iron Age, that was later developed into a very fine ringfort. 'A new home with links to ancestors would certainly have been very attractive to Early Medieval nobility.' The archaeology team found a number of glass beads, some coloured blue and another turquoise and red. These have parallels in other parts of Ireland and Scotland in the Iron Age – the era that immediately precedes the Early Medieval period. The dig has also confirmed the presence of Early Medieval pottery from northern France and amber beads likely connected with Scandinavian trade routes used by the Vikings. Evidence of the manufacture of purple dye at Rathgurreen comprises the remnants of dog-whelk shellfish that were processed at the settlement to produce the rare and valuable colouring. Dr Comber added: 'We are working in an ancient high-status settlement located roughly mid-way along the Atlantic seaboard. 'In no sense, though, would it have been viewed as 'wild' or isolated – on the contrary it was part of a wider community and had links with other parts of Ireland, Scotland and mainland Europe. 'The big takeaway from this site is that a place like Galway had a wider significance in the past, and that significance translates into the present.' The excavation marks the launch of a research project exploring land use through time on the Maree peninsula in Galway, with the university team hoping to continue digs at the site in 2026 and to pursue other locations in the area in future years. Community volunteers, University of Galway archaeology students, and international students from Uppsala University in Sweden came together to investigate the site and put into practice skills vital to careers in the archaeological profession. The wider project involves work with local, national and international communities as well as the development of a conservation management plan for Rathgurreen in conjunction with landowners and experts, through a community monuments fund with Galway County Council.
The Journal
4 days ago
- Science
- The Journal
Irish archeologists reveal an ancient nobles' ringfort from Early Medieval period in Galway
ARCHEOLOGISTS HAVE CONFIRMED a ringfort overlooking Galway Bay was a settlement for rulers and nobles in Ireland's Early Medieval period. The Rathgurreen Ringfort in the Maree area of Co Galway is now thought to have been a 'high status' settlement that dates anywhere from the 5th to 12th century. An eight week excavation has revealed discoveries which suggest that parts of the site are perhaps 1000 years older than originally thought, with evidence of contact with Rome, Scotland, France and Scandinavia. The site is thought to have been home to a local ruler such as a king or a lord – that theory was first proposed by NUIG Professor Michael Duignan in the late 1940s. University of Galway's Dr Michelle Comber with Susan Curran from the Discovery Programme: Centre for Archaeology and Innovation Ireland. Dr Michelle Comber, an Archaeology lecturer at the University, who co-led the modern-day excavation, said that we can say now with some certainty that Maree 'is an ancient territory'. She said there are up to 40 ringforts in the area but most are only a third of the size of Rathgurreen. Advertisement 'We have evidence of continuity and change at this site – a settlement that possibly dates back to the Iron Age, that was later developed into a very fine ringfort. A new home with links to ancestors would certainly have been very attractive to Early Medieval nobility,' she said. During the dig the team found a number of glass beads, some of coloured blue and another turquoise and red. 'These have parallels in other parts of Ireland and Scotland in the Iron Age – the era that immediately precedes the Early Medieval period,' Dr Comber said. Glass and amber beads; an Iron Age knife; ancient axe heads and stone tools; French pottery found at Rathgurreen Ringfort. The dig also confirmed the presence of Early Medieval pottery from northern France and amber beads likely connected with Scandinavian trade routes used by the Vikings. There is also evidence of the manufacture of purple dye, including remnants of dog-whelk shellfish that were processed at the settlement to produce the rare, and therefore, valuable colouring. 'The big takeaway from this site is that a place like Galway had a wider significance in the past, and that significance translates into the present. 'This one site has many tales to tell, and roles to play. People come to the west of Ireland and they think it's isolated and remote, but Maree's ancient remains tell us that western Ireland was not cut off from the wider world, geographically or culturally,' Dr Comber reflected. Community volunteers, University of Galway archeology students and international students from Uppsala University came together this summer to investigate this site, contribute to a new research project, and gain skills vital to pursuing in-demand careers in the archeological profession. Readers like you are keeping these stories free for everyone... A mix of advertising and supporting contributions helps keep paywalls away from valuable information like this article. Over 5,000 readers like you have already stepped up and support us with a monthly payment or a once-off donation. Learn More Support The Journal
BreakingNews.ie
4 days ago
- Science
- BreakingNews.ie
Ancient nobles' ringfort revealed by archaeologists
A ringfort overlooking Galway Bay has been confirmed as a settlement for rulers and nobles in Ireland's Early Medieval period, according to archaeologists. Rathgurreen Ringfort, in the Maree area of Co Galway, has been described as an impressive 'high-status' settlement that could date anywhere from the 5th to 12th century AD. Advertisement An eight-week archaeological excavation, directed by Dr Michelle Comber and Dr Noel McCarthy of the Discipline of Archaeology at University of Galway, has also revealed exciting new layers to the story of the panoramic site with views south to the Burren, west to the Atlantic, and north across Galway. University of Galway's Dr Michelle Comber, right, and Susan Curran from the Discovery Programme: Centre for Archaeology and Innovation Ireland (Aengus McMahon/University of Galway/PA) The ringfort was first investigated and proposed as a high-status settlement – home to a local ruler such as a king or lord – by Professor Michael Duignan, then chairman of archaeology at the university, in the late 1940s. Excavations now suggest that parts of the site are potentially 1,000 years older than previously thought, with evidence of contact with Rome, Scotland, France, and Scandinavia, possibly including the trade of valuable purple dye made at Rathgurreen. A team of professionals, students and volunteers took part in the archaeological dig this summer on a section of the 100m-diameter ringfort. Advertisement Dr Michelle Comber holding a turquoise and red glass bead found at the Rathgurreen Ringfort and believed to date from Early Medieval Ireland (Aengus McMahon/University of Galway/PA) Dr Comber, lecturer in archaeology at the university, said: 'What we can say with some certainty is that Maree is an ancient territory. 'Our research confirms that Rathgurreen was the home of a noble family – hence the description as high-status. 'But the story is much deeper and richer. We have evidence of continuity and change at this site – a settlement that possibly dates back to the Iron Age, that was later developed into a very fine ringfort. 'A new home with links to ancestors would certainly have been very attractive to Early Medieval nobility.' Advertisement Glass and amber beads, an Iron Age knife, ancient axe heads and stone tools, and French pottery were found at the ringfort (Aengus McMahon/University of Galway/PA) The archaeology team found a number of glass beads, some coloured blue and another turquoise and red. These have parallels in other parts of Ireland and Scotland in the Iron Age – the era that immediately precedes the Early Medieval period. The dig has also confirmed the presence of Early Medieval pottery from northern France and amber beads likely connected with Scandinavian trade routes used by the Vikings. Evidence of the manufacture of purple dye at Rathgurreen comprises the remnants of dog-whelk shellfish that were processed at the settlement to produce the rare and valuable colouring. Advertisement Dr Comber added: 'We are working in an ancient high-status settlement located roughly mid-way along the Atlantic seaboard. 'In no sense, though, would it have been viewed as 'wild' or isolated – on the contrary it was part of a wider community and had links with other parts of Ireland, Scotland and mainland Europe. A dog-whelk shell found at Rathgurreen Ringfort which was used to manufacture rare and valuable purple dye (Aengus McMahon/University of Galway/PA) 'The big takeaway from this site is that a place like Galway had a wider significance in the past, and that significance translates into the present.' The excavation marks the launch of a research project exploring land use through time on the Maree peninsula in Galway, with the university team hoping to continue digs at the site in 2026 and to pursue other locations in the area in future years. Advertisement Community volunteers, University of Galway archaeology students, and international students from Uppsala University in Sweden came together to investigate the site and put into practice skills vital to careers in the archaeological profession. The wider project involves work with local, national and international communities as well as the development of a conservation management plan for Rathgurreen in conjunction with landowners and experts, through a community monuments fund with Galway County Council.
Time of India
4 days ago
- Health
- Time of India
Ozempic and Wegovy may cut dementia risk by 45% and manage diabetes, study finds
Source: Reuters A groundbreaking study has revealed that GLP-1 receptor agonists—including popular weight-loss and diabetes drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro- may significantly reduce the risk of developing dementia. The analysis, conducted by Irish researchers and published in JAMA Neurology , involved data from over 164,000 participants and found that these medications reduced the risk of memory-robbing disorders by up to 45 per cent. These findings not only open new avenues for neurological protection but also position GLP-1 drugs as powerful tools in both metabolic and cognitive health management. Study links GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Mounjaro to lower dementia risk Researchers from the University of Galway reviewed 26 clinical trials involving 164,531 individuals—65% of whom were men, with an average age of 64. The participants were followed for an average of 31 months. The key discovery: patients taking GLP-1 agonists such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) were 45% less likely to develop dementia compared to those on other glucose-lowering medications. Dr. Catriona Reddin, senior study author, said, 'Our findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists, in particular, may have a protective effect on brain health.' by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 5 Books Warren Buffett Wants You to Read In 2025 Blinkist: Warren Buffett's Reading List Undo How GLP-1 agonists may protect against dementia Although the exact mechanism remains under investigation, researchers propose several pathways through which GLP-1 medications could shield the brain: Reduced neuroinflammation: These drugs may lower inflammation in the brain, which is known to damage neurons and trigger dementia symptoms. Decrease in amyloid and tau proteins: GLP-1 agonists could suppress the accumulation of toxic proteins linked to Alzheimer's disease. Improved blood vessel health: They may reduce blood pressure and enhance blood flow, preventing vascular dementia. Neurogenesis stimulation: Early research suggests these drugs may promote neural growth in the hippocampus, the brain region essential for memory. GLP-1 drugs may help prevent both diabetes and dementia The new study aligns with earlier research from the University of Florida, which followed 400,000 Americans and reported a 33% lower risk of dementia among GLP-1 users compared to other treatments. This growing body of evidence supports the role of semaglutide and tirzepatide not only in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity but potentially in preventing cognitive decline. Professor Martin O'Donnell, Dean at the University of Galway, emphasised, 'With both diabetes and dementia rising, these findings have major public health implications.' Dementia and diabetes: Twin epidemics in the US The study arrives amid alarming trends: Over 8 million Americans currently live with dementia, with 500,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Diabetes now affects 38 million people in the US; around 12% of the population. According to the Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer's rates have climbed 25 consecutive years. The intersection of these two epidemics highlights the urgency of therapies that can address both conditions simultaneously. Study highlights need for more GLP-1 brain health data While the findings are promising, researchers caution that more work is needed to confirm the results. Notable limitations include: Lack of data on dementia subtypes like Lewy body and vascular dementia Differences in study design and follow-up durations Unclear long-term cognitive outcomes for different age groups and genders Still, this analysis lays essential groundwork for future research into neurometabolic protection via GLP-1 therapies. Originally celebrated as breakthrough treatments for obesity and diabetes, these medications may now be poised to take on an even broader role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. As Dr. Reddin concluded, 'This research marks a significant advancement in how we understand the brain benefits of diabetes medications.' This article is based on findings from a study published in JAMA Neurology (July 2024). While the research links GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Mounjaro to reduce dementia risk, it is observational and does not prove direct causation. Further studies are needed. Always consult a healthcare provider before making medication decisions. Also Read | 5 coffee routine habits that could be doing more harm than good, say experts
Irish Examiner
5 days ago
- Sport
- Irish Examiner
Late try saves Irish blushes against Spain in World Rugby U20 Championship
World Rugby U20 Championship: Ireland 38 Spain 37 Neil Doak's Ireland managed to avoid the ignominy of finishing bottom of the World Rugby U20 Championship in Calvisano but only by scoring a match-winning try less than two minutes from the end against 14-man Spain. It was a heart-breaking loss for the Spanish but relief for an Ireland side who had already finished bottom of this year's Six Nations having been finalists and semi-finalists in the last two World Rugby U20 Championships in South Africa. The jeopardy had already been removed from this 11th place final in midweek when World Rugby confirmed there would not be any relegation as there will be an expanded 16-team tournament in Georgia next year when Fiji, Japan, Uruguay and the USA will join the dozen who took place this summer in Italy. It was a first ever meeting between these sides in the grade, the 16th country that Ireland have played against at U20 level. But there was one familiar face in the Spanish line-up in lock Liam McNamee, who was born in Valencia, a current University of Galway student who came through the ranks with Carrick-on-Shannon RFC and Sligo Grammar and who played for the Connacht juniors this year. Ireland laid the foundation for victory with two converted tries in the opening eight minutes. Centre Jonny Scott got his first after a good move off a lineout penalty while winger Charlie Molony scored off a scrum move inside the 22, with out-half Tom Wood converting both. But Spain, who had only won one match in their two years in this tournament and who had lost all previous games to European opposition by an average of 25 points, hit back and after scrum-half Nicola Infer kicked a penalty, hooker Pau Massoni got in for a try. Full-back Daniel Green got in for a try after a move off a right-wing lineout penalty at the end of the opening quarter but while they increased their lead through Scott when debutant lock Donnacha McGuire was in the bin when the former Blackrock College player was pinged for a late tackle, Spain struck for a second try when loosehead Alberto Gomez bulldozed over to cut the gap to 26-15 at the interval. Spain cut the gap to the minimum with a converted try from Marcel Carreras and the boot of Infer. Hooker Henry Walker got over off a lineout but was then binned and while he was off Spain hit the front for the first time, with lock Victor Ofgojetu scoring after having one scratched and then when skipper Eanna McCarthy took over the throws in the absence of his hooker, Spain robbed one and scored from halfway from out-half Lucien Richardis, who has made his Top 14 debut for Toulouse, to lead 37-33 with 15 minutes left. Spain were reduced to 14 men a minute later when replacement prop Danny Chico was sent off for a dangerous tackle. Ireland, with scrum-half Chris O'Connor and prop Jack Ryan coming on for their U20 debuts, rallied and seemed set for a shock defeat when Wood had a 73rd minute try ruled out after Scott was pinged on review for a knock-on in the build-up. Ireland came with one final rally and Walker got through to score with less than two minutes remaining when they got the drive off a penalty in the right corner to prevent an embarrassing defeat. Scorers for Ireland: Tries: J Scott (2), H Walker (2), C Molony, D Green. Cons: Wood (4). Scorers for Spain: Tries: P Massoni, A Gomez, M Carreras, V Ofjetu, L Richardis. Cons: N Infer (2), G Otamendi. Pens: Infer (2). IRELAND: D Green; C Molony (P Farrell 56), J Scott (G O'Leary Kareem 75), E Smyth, D Moloney; T Wood, W Wootton (C O'Connor 67); A Usanov (P Moore 60), H Walker, T McAllister (J Ryan 72); D Walsh (B Corrigan 53), D Maguire; M Foy (B Power 23), E McCarthy, O Minogue. SPAIN: B Ortega (Gomez 70-76); J Garreta (G Otamendi 53), O Marsinyac (U Zuriarrain 74), H Pichardia, P Serrano; L Richardis, N Infer; A Gomez (H Gonzalez 49), P Massoni (M Perez 60), G Reyes Rendon (D Chico 65); V Ofojetu, L McNamee (G Gonzalez 63); U Salvador, M Carreras (M Lopez 58), M Pujana Lendinez. Referee: Tomas Bertazza (Argentina).
