Latest news with #biosignatures
Sustainability Times
2 days ago
- Science
- Sustainability Times
'Webb Telescope Enters Alien Hunt Mode': NASA's Deep-Space Eye Begins Scanning Exoplanets for Signs of Life With Unmatched Precision
IN A NUTSHELL 🔭 The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to detect chemical signatures in exoplanet atmospheres, offering insights into potential extraterrestrial life. is designed to detect chemical signatures in exoplanet atmospheres, offering insights into potential extraterrestrial life. 🌌 Biosignatures are crucial for identifying life, and the telescope's advanced spectroscopic capabilities allow it to analyze light from distant worlds. are crucial for identifying life, and the telescope's advanced spectroscopic capabilities allow it to analyze light from distant worlds. 🚀 While JWST faces challenges like light interference from stars, it focuses on planets around red dwarf stars to enhance detection accuracy. to enhance detection accuracy. 🔍 JWST is a significant step forward in space exploration, laying the groundwork for future missions that may eventually discover the elusive signs of life. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a groundbreaking tool launched to delve into the origins of life and expand our understanding of the universe. As scientific interest peaks, the telescope's capabilities are under scrutiny to determine if it can detect signs of extraterrestrial life. While initial reports of life on exoplanet K2-18b were premature, JWST's ability to identify chemical substances related to life on Earth sparks curiosity. This article explores the potential of the James Webb Telescope, its challenges, and the role it might play in answering the age-old question: Are we alone in the universe? The Hunt for Biosignatures Finding evidence of life beyond Earth hinges on detecting biosignatures, which are chemical traces indicative of life processes. These traces, whether in an atmosphere or on a planet's surface, could suggest life once existed or currently thrives. On Mars, for example, robots physically explore the surface, actively searching for these signs. However, when it comes to distant exoplanets, direct exploration is impossible. Instead, scientists rely on telescopes like the James Webb to observe these worlds from afar. The James Webb Telescope is uniquely suited for this task, designed to detect the faint chemical signatures in an exoplanet's atmosphere. With its advanced spectroscopic capabilities, the telescope can analyze light wavelengths to identify potential biosignatures. This technique is pivotal as it allows scientists to study planets several light-years away. However, the challenge lies in the accuracy and reliability of these detections, heavily dependent on the telescope's precision and environmental conditions. 'We Found Alien-Like Creatures Feeding on Methane': Sea Spiders Survive on Microbes in One of Earth's Strangest Ecosystems The Complexities of Detection While JWST is capable, the real question is the reliability of the data it gathers. Detecting biosignatures involves analyzing a planet's atmosphere, which is easier said than done. The telescope must first identify planets within the 'habitable zone' of their stars, where conditions might support life. Once identified, JWST uses its spectroscopic tools to look for chemical signatures. However, this process is fraught with challenges. Light from a star can interfere with the readings, potentially leading to false positives. For accurate detection, JWST focuses on planets orbiting red dwarf stars, as these stars emit less intense light, reducing interference. This limitation means that only certain types of stars are suitable for study, narrowing the pool of potential discoveries. Despite these hurdles, the telescope's findings are crucial for future missions and studies. 'Robots Can Feel Now': New Color-Changing Skins Let Machines React Instantly Without Wires, Screens, or Human Input James Webb: A Step Forward, Not the Ultimate Solution The James Webb Space Telescope is a monumental achievement in astrophysics, offering new insights into the cosmos. While it may not provide definitive proof of extraterrestrial life, it represents a significant step forward in our quest for understanding. Its role is to lay the groundwork for future explorations and discoveries. By revealing intricate details about the universe, JWST has already revolutionized our approach to space science. It has unveiled previously unknown cosmic structures and provided a clearer view of the universe. However, the question remains: Will it find life elsewhere? The most honest answer is not yet. Nonetheless, JWST is a valuable tool, setting the stage for future missions that may eventually uncover the elusive signs of life we seek. 'Quantum Breakthrough Just Happened': World's Fastest Magic State Prep Slashes Costs and Ignites New Race for Supremacy The Future of Extraterrestrial Exploration Looking ahead, the James Webb Space Telescope will continue to be a cornerstone of space exploration. As scientists analyze its data, they will refine their techniques and expand their understanding of distant worlds. This telescope is just the beginning, a precursor to even more advanced technologies that will further push the boundaries of what we know about the universe. While JWST may not be the ultimate solution to discovering extraterrestrial life, its contributions are invaluable. It inspires ongoing research and encourages the development of new technologies. As we stand on the brink of new discoveries, we are left to ponder: How much closer are we to finding life beyond Earth, and what mysteries will future telescopes uncover? Our author used artificial intelligence to enhance this article. Did you like it? 4.5/5 (28)
Sustainability Times
08-06-2025
- Science
- Sustainability Times
'We Are Finding Clues to Alien Existence': Robot Sent to Crack Jupiter's Frozen Shell in Wild Mission to Detect Life Beyond Earth
IN A NUTSHELL 🚀 NASA shifts focus from Europa to Enceladus, prioritizing more favorable exploration conditions. shifts focus from Europa to Enceladus, prioritizing more favorable exploration conditions. 🛰️ The Europa Clipper mission faced challenges due to intense radiation and harsh environments. mission faced challenges due to intense radiation and harsh environments. 🔧 Technological innovations developed for Europa can be adapted for Enceladus exploration. 🌊 Enceladus offers promising opportunities to search for biosignatures in its water plumes. In the ever-evolving landscape of space exploration, NASA's quest to uncover the mysteries of our solar system takes a fascinating turn. While the Europa Clipper mission was initially poised to unlock the secrets of Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, the focus has now shifted to another celestial body. Enceladus, Saturn's enigmatic moon, with its potential subsurface oceans and intriguing plumes, beckons scientists with the promise of discovering extraterrestrial life. This article delves into the journey of innovation and exploration that has led us to this pivotal moment in space exploration. The Allure of Icy Moons The allure of Europa and Enceladus lies in their potential to harbor life, hidden beneath their icy surfaces. These celestial bodies offer a tantalizing possibility of subsurface oceans, where life could potentially thrive. Europa, a moon of Jupiter, and Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, have captured the imagination of scientists for decades. Their icy crusts, concealing vast oceans, make them two of the most promising candidates for the search for extraterrestrial life within our solar system. Despite the initial excitement surrounding the Europa Clipper mission, NASA faced significant challenges. Europa's intense radiation, stemming from Jupiter, posed a severe threat to the mission's success. The lander's electronics would have been vulnerable, and communication would have been limited due to Europa's unique orbit. Moreover, the harsh cold and lack of communication satellites further complicated the mission. Nonetheless, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) persevered, developing a prototype robot capable of withstanding Europa's icy terrain. This innovation laid the groundwork for future missions, albeit on a different moon. 'Tesla's Dream, Hyundai's Reality': Ten Years Later, the Electric Car King Faces a Brutal Fall From the Top Technological Innovations for Space Exploration The Europa Clipper mission, although redirected, brought forth remarkable technological advancements. The prototype lander designed for Europa was a marvel of engineering, equipped with legs for safe landings and a stereoscopic camera for navigation. One of its standout features was the 'ICEPICK' tool, capable of collecting samples from 7.87 inches deep, a crucial capability for analyzing potential biosignatures. Moreover, the lander boasted autonomous software, allowing it to make critical decisions with limited power and communication time. Rigorous field tests on Alaska's Matanuska Glacier validated the lander's capabilities, simulating the harsh conditions it would face on Europa. These innovations not only demonstrated NASA's prowess but also paved the way for exploring other icy worlds, such as Enceladus. These Creeping Vineyard Robots Use Insect-Like Legs to Annihilate Weeds With Ruthless Precision and Rock-Bottom Costs Enceladus: A New Frontier As NASA's decadal strategy shifted focus, Enceladus emerged as the next frontier for exploration. This moon of Saturn presents a more hospitable environment compared to Europa. Enceladus experiences lower radiation levels, making it a more viable candidate for detecting biosignatures. Its intriguing water plumes, potentially rich in molecules essential for life, offer an exciting opportunity for scientific discovery. The lessons learned from the Europa prototype are invaluable for a potential Enceladus mission. The robot's design and capabilities can be adapted to explore Enceladus's surface, where biosignatures could be preserved longer. While the dream of exploring Europa's deep ocean with a submersible remains, the technological leap required is substantial. For now, Enceladus promises a more accessible yet equally thrilling target for space exploration. 'They Morph Like Liquid Metal': Scientists Reveal Mini-Robot Swarm That Shape-Shifts Just Like in Sci-Fi Movies A Path Forward in Space Exploration The journey from Europa to Enceladus exemplifies the dynamic nature of space exploration. It showcases the resilience and adaptability of NASA's scientists and engineers, who continuously strive to unravel the mysteries of our solar system. While Europa remains a tantalizing prospect, the shift to Enceladus demonstrates a pragmatic approach, leveraging existing technology and expertise. As we look to the future, the exploration of icy moons like Enceladus holds the potential to redefine our understanding of life in the universe. The innovations developed for these missions not only enhance our knowledge but also inspire future generations to reach for the stars. What new discoveries await us on Enceladus, and how will they shape our quest to find life beyond Earth? Our author used artificial intelligence to enhance this article. Did you like it? 4.5/5 (22)
Yahoo
07-06-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
‘Never quit the lunar quest' was this moon mission's motto. Here's its tragic tale
Editor's note: A version of this story appeared in CNN's Wonder Theory science newsletter. To get it in your inbox, sign up for free here. As scientists search for worlds that may be habitable for life, they've discovered a type that is common in the universe — but doesn't exist in our own solar system. These enigmatic planets are called sub-Neptunes, which are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. An April study catapulted one such world, named K2-18b, into the spotlight. Astronomers at the University of Cambridge claimed they detected molecules in the planet's atmosphere that might be biosignatures — markers of biological activity that could hint at past or present life. Now, other groups of astronomers have looked at the same data and disagree with the findings, saying there is more to the story. The twists and turns in the ongoing conversation around planet K2-18b showcase why the search for evidence of life beyond Earth is so difficult. Indeed, persistence is everything when it comes to space investigation. 'Never quit the lunar quest' was the motto underpinning a high-stakes mission that aimed to touch down on the moon Thursday. But Tokyo-based Ispace lost contact with its vehicle at the time it should have landed. The Resilience spacecraft was Ispace's second bid at a soft lunar landing. The company's previous try with the Hakuto-R lunar lander crashed into the moon in April 2023. 'This is our second failure, and about these results, we have to really take it seriously,' said Ispace CEO Takeshi Hakamada of the nail-biting attempt. Ispace has its work cut out for it, but it isn't giving up. New research combining artificial intelligence with radiocarbon dating is changing the way scholars think about the Dead Sea Scrolls. Bedouin shepherds first spotted the scrolls in 1947 within a cave in the Judaean Desert. Archaeologists then recovered thousands of scroll fragments, including the oldest copies of the Hebrew Bible, from 11 caves near the site of Khirbat Qumran. 'They completely changed the way we think about ancient Judaism and early Christianity,' said lead study author Mladen Popović, a dean at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. Scholars thought the roughly 1,000 manuscripts, written mostly on parchment and papyrus, ranged from the third century BC to the second century AD. But some of the scrolls, which serve as a crucial intellectual time capsule, could be much older, the new analysis suggests. A World War I-era submarine was lost at sea off California's coast nearly 108 years ago, killing 19 crew members. Now, researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution have captured never-before-seen deep-sea imagery of the wreckage. The plague pandemic known as the Black Death killed at least 25 million people across medieval Europe over five years. The culprit behind the disease is a bacterium called Yersinia pestis, which has led to three major plague outbreaks since the first century AD — and it still exists today. How has the plague persisted for centuries? Changes to one gene in the bacterium created new, less deadly strains that kept hosts alive longer so it could keep spreading. The weaker strains have since gone extinct, according to new research. But the findings could yield key clues to help scientists manage the current bacterium's dominant lineage, which is of the deadlier variety. If you've ever walked through a fruit orchard, you might have been steps away from a living tower of worms. That's what researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the University of Konstanz in Germany found when they inspected rotten pears and apples. Hundreds of the microscopic worms, called nematodes, climbed on top of one another to form structures 10 times their size — even making a twisting 'arm' to sense the environment — leading scientists to question what's driving the behavior. 'What we got was more than just some worms standing on top of each other,' said senior study author Serena Ding, a Max Planck research group leader of genes and behavior. 'It's a coordinated superorganism, acting and moving as a whole.' These stories will pique your curiosity: — For over a century, astronomers thought the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies would collide in 4.5 billion years, but new telescope observations may change that. However, another galaxy could entangle with ours sooner. — Archaeologists who uncovered the remains of an ancient Mayan complex in Guatemala named the site after two humanlike rock figures that are believed to represent an 'ancestral couple,' according to the country's Ministry of Culture and Sport. — A fossil of the earliest known bird that was kept in a private collection for decades has provided scientists with 'one 'Wow!' after another,' including the first flight feathers seen in an Archaeopteryx specimen, said Dr. Jingmai O'Connor, associate curator of fossil reptiles at the Field Museum. Like what you've read? Oh, but there's more. Sign up here to receive in your inbox the next edition of Wonder Theory, brought to you by CNN Space and Science writers Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt and Jackie Wattles. They find wonder in planets beyond our solar system and discoveries from the ancient world.
CNN
07-06-2025
- Science
- CNN
Moon lander is lost on second bid at touchdown by Tokyo-based company
As scientists search for worlds that may be habitable for life, they've discovered a type that is common in the universe — but doesn't exist in our own solar system. These enigmatic planets are called sub-Neptunes, which are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. An April study catapulted one such world, named K2-18b, into the spotlight. Astronomers at the University of Cambridge claimed they detected molecules in the planet's atmosphere that might be biosignatures — markers of biological activity that could hint at past or present life. Now, other groups of astronomers have looked at the same data and disagree with the findings, saying there is more to the story. The twists and turns in the ongoing conversation around planet K2-18b showcase why the search for evidence of life beyond Earth is so difficult. Indeed, persistence is everything when it comes to space investigation. 'Never quit the lunar quest' was the motto underpinning a high-stakes mission that aimed to touch down on the moon Thursday. But Tokyo-based Ispace lost contact with its vehicle at the time it should have landed. The Resilience spacecraft was Ispace's second bid at a soft lunar landing. The company's previous try with the Hakuto-R lunar lander crashed into the moon in April 2023. 'This is our second failure, and about these results, we have to really take it seriously,' said Ispace CEO Takeshi Hakamada of the nail-biting attempt. Ispace has its work cut out for it, but it isn't giving up. New research combining artificial intelligence with radiocarbon dating is changing the way scholars think about the Dead Sea Scrolls. Bedouin shepherds first spotted the scrolls in 1947 within a cave in the Judaean Desert. Archaeologists then recovered thousands of scroll fragments, including the oldest copies of the Hebrew Bible, from 11 caves near the site of Khirbat Qumran. 'They completely changed the way we think about ancient Judaism and early Christianity,' said lead study author Mladen Popović, a dean at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. Scholars thought the roughly 1,000 manuscripts, written mostly on parchment and papyrus, ranged from the third century BC to the second century AD. But some of the scrolls, which serve as a crucial intellectual time capsule, could be much older, the new analysis suggests. A World War I-era submarine was lost at sea off California's coast nearly 108 years ago, killing 19 crew members. Now, researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution have captured never-before-seen deep-sea imagery of the wreckage. The plague pandemic known as the Black Death killed at least 25 million people across medieval Europe over five years. The culprit behind the disease is a bacterium called Yersinia pestis, which has led to three major plague outbreaks since the first century AD — and it still exists today. How has the plague persisted for centuries? Changes to one gene in the bacterium created new, less deadly strains that kept hosts alive longer so it could keep spreading. The weaker strains have since gone extinct, according to new research. But the findings could yield key clues to help scientists manage the current bacterium's dominant lineage, which is of the deadlier variety. If you've ever walked through a fruit orchard, you might have been steps away from a living tower of worms. That's what researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the University of Konstanz in Germany found when they inspected rotten pears and apples. Hundreds of the microscopic worms, called nematodes, climbed on top of one another to form structures 10 times their size — even making a twisting 'arm' to sense the environment — leading scientists to question what's driving the behavior. 'What we got was more than just some worms standing on top of each other,' said senior study author Serena Ding, a Max Planck research group leader of genes and behavior. 'It's a coordinated superorganism, acting and moving as a whole.' These stories will pique your curiosity: — For over a century, astronomers thought the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies would collide in 4.5 billion years, but new telescope observations may change that. However, another galaxy could entangle with ours sooner. — Archaeologists who uncovered the remains of an ancient Mayan complex in Guatemala named the site after two humanlike rock figures that are believed to represent an 'ancestral couple,' according to the country's Ministry of Culture and Sport. — A fossil of the earliest known bird that was kept in a private collection for decades has provided scientists with 'one 'Wow!' after another,' including the first flight feathers seen in an Archaeopteryx specimen, said Dr. Jingmai O'Connor, associate curator of fossil reptiles at the Field Museum.
CNN
07-06-2025
- Science
- CNN
Moon lander is lost on second bid at touchdown by Tokyo-based company
As scientists search for worlds that may be habitable for life, they've discovered a type that is common in the universe — but doesn't exist in our own solar system. These enigmatic planets are called sub-Neptunes, which are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. An April study catapulted one such world, named K2-18b, into the spotlight. Astronomers at the University of Cambridge claimed they detected molecules in the planet's atmosphere that might be biosignatures — markers of biological activity that could hint at past or present life. Now, other groups of astronomers have looked at the same data and disagree with the findings, saying there is more to the story. The twists and turns in the ongoing conversation around planet K2-18b showcase why the search for evidence of life beyond Earth is so difficult. Indeed, persistence is everything when it comes to space investigation. 'Never quit the lunar quest' was the motto underpinning a high-stakes mission that aimed to touch down on the moon Thursday. But Tokyo-based Ispace lost contact with its vehicle at the time it should have landed. The Resilience spacecraft was Ispace's second bid at a soft lunar landing. The company's previous try with the Hakuto-R lunar lander crashed into the moon in April 2023. 'This is our second failure, and about these results, we have to really take it seriously,' said Ispace CEO Takeshi Hakamada of the nail-biting attempt. Ispace has its work cut out for it, but it isn't giving up. New research combining artificial intelligence with radiocarbon dating is changing the way scholars think about the Dead Sea Scrolls. Bedouin shepherds first spotted the scrolls in 1947 within a cave in the Judaean Desert. Archaeologists then recovered thousands of scroll fragments, including the oldest copies of the Hebrew Bible, from 11 caves near the site of Khirbat Qumran. 'They completely changed the way we think about ancient Judaism and early Christianity,' said lead study author Mladen Popović, a dean at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. Scholars thought the roughly 1,000 manuscripts, written mostly on parchment and papyrus, ranged from the third century BC to the second century AD. But some of the scrolls, which serve as a crucial intellectual time capsule, could be much older, the new analysis suggests. A World War I-era submarine was lost at sea off California's coast nearly 108 years ago, killing 19 crew members. Now, researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution have captured never-before-seen deep-sea imagery of the wreckage. The plague pandemic known as the Black Death killed at least 25 million people across medieval Europe over five years. The culprit behind the disease is a bacterium called Yersinia pestis, which has led to three major plague outbreaks since the first century AD — and it still exists today. How has the plague persisted for centuries? Changes to one gene in the bacterium created new, less deadly strains that kept hosts alive longer so it could keep spreading. The weaker strains have since gone extinct, according to new research. But the findings could yield key clues to help scientists manage the current bacterium's dominant lineage, which is of the deadlier variety. If you've ever walked through a fruit orchard, you might have been steps away from a living tower of worms. That's what researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the University of Konstanz in Germany found when they inspected rotten pears and apples. Hundreds of the microscopic worms, called nematodes, climbed on top of one another to form structures 10 times their size — even making a twisting 'arm' to sense the environment — leading scientists to question what's driving the behavior. 'What we got was more than just some worms standing on top of each other,' said senior study author Serena Ding, a Max Planck research group leader of genes and behavior. 'It's a coordinated superorganism, acting and moving as a whole.' These stories will pique your curiosity: — For over a century, astronomers thought the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies would collide in 4.5 billion years, but new telescope observations may change that. However, another galaxy could entangle with ours sooner. — Archaeologists who uncovered the remains of an ancient Mayan complex in Guatemala named the site after two humanlike rock figures that are believed to represent an 'ancestral couple,' according to the country's Ministry of Culture and Sport. — A fossil of the earliest known bird that was kept in a private collection for decades has provided scientists with 'one 'Wow!' after another,' including the first flight feathers seen in an Archaeopteryx specimen, said Dr. Jingmai O'Connor, associate curator of fossil reptiles at the Field Museum.
