Latest news with #diagnosing
The Irish Sun
6 days ago
- Health
- The Irish Sun
How the way you WALK could reveal a hidden autism diagnosis – the 3 signs to look for in your child
AUTISM is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people socialise, communicate and interact with the world. Autistic people may find socialising confusing or tiring, become overwhelmed in loud or crowded places and crave order and routine. 2 Toe-walking, walking on tip toes or the balls of the feet, can be a characteristic of autism if it continues past early childhood Credit: Getty 2 Walking with feet turned in can be another one - though autism isn't the only cause of this Credit: Getty But the condition - which is not an illness or disease that needs to be 'cured' - can also affect how some people move or walk, researchers say. In fact, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - a guide book widely used for diagnosing mental health conditions - lists an "odd gait" as supporting feature of autism. Nicole Rinehart, a Professor of clinical psychology and director of the neurodevelopment program at Monash University outlined three "noticeable gait differences" autistic people might have in These may include: Read more on autism Toe-walking, walking on the balls of the feet In-toeing, walking with one or both feet turned inwards Out-toeing, walking with one or both feet turned out Walking on the toes or the balls of the feet is fairly common in children who are just beginning to walk, until the age of three. Most will outgrow it the habit. If toe-walking doesn't correct itself over time, or begins suddenly, the NHS recommends children be assessed by a health professional for growth-growth related pain, neurodevelopmental disorders or autism. Most read in Health "Children with autism spectrum disorder or sensory integration issues will frequently toe walk as it feels more comfortable for them," the In and out-toeing are also fairly common and can simply be caused by the rotation of the thigh and shin bones, aside from autism. Simple 10-question test that can help determine if you have autism They don't usually need treatment and will go away on their own by the time a child is eight. The NHS advises parents to speak a GP about their children's gait if they're worried about it. Autism can cause other, more subtle changes to the way people walk, according to Prof Rinehart. She pointed to Walk more slowly Take wider steps Spend longer in the 'stance' phase, when the foot leaves the ground Take more time to complete each step "Autistic people show much more personal variability in the length and speed of their strides, as well as their walking speed," Prof Rinehart wrote. "Gait differences also tend to occur alongside other motor differences, such as issues with balance, coordination, postural stability and handwriting." She explained that gait differences in autistic people might be caused by "differences in brain development". What is autism? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an incurable, lifelong developmental condition that affects how people perceive the world and interact with others. It affects around one in 100 people in the UK and is three to four times more common in boys than in girls. Many people with ASD find it hard to understand other people's feelings and emotions, and they may have difficulty holding conversations. When they are young, their language development may take longer and they can struggle to use facial expressions, using gestures to communicate instead. They may also find it hard to connect with other people and to hold eye contact with unfamiliar individuals. Many children with ASD like to follow a routine, and changes to this can cause distress. High functioning autism is an informal term some people use to describe those on the autism spectrum disorder. Areas such as the basal ganglia - which is responsible for making walking effortless, smooth and automatic - and the cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement, may develop differently in people with autism, the expert said. "While some researchers have suggested that autistic gait occurs due to delayed development, we now know gait differences persist across the lifespan. "Some differences actually become clearer with age." Some people with gait differences may also have more difficulties with language and cognition. In some cases, these signs can indicate that an autistic person is experiencing "sensory or cognitive overload" and might need some "extra support or a break" in that moment, the expert said. Do gait differences need to be treated? Differences in the way autistic people walk don't necessarily need to be treated, Prof Rinehart said. "Some autistic people might have subtle gait differences that are observable during testing," she wrote. "But if these differences don't impact a person's ability to participate in everyday life, they don't require support." But some may be at increased risk of falls, have difficulty participating in sports or other physical activities, or may get pain in their legs or back from the way they walk. In these cases, children may benefit from some additional support, whether that be from a clinic, at school, or in their local communities. "Our "Community-based support models empower autistic children to have agency in how they move, rather than seeing different ways of moving as a problem to be fixed." The key characteristics of autism - and why they go unnoticed By Alice Fuller , Health Features Editor MODEL Christine McGuinness was a 'recluse' for eight years and only left the house at 3am. Springwatch presenter And recently, But what exactly is autism and why does it seem so different in everyone? Leanne Cooper-Brown, neurodevelopmental lead at 'Whereas we used to think of autism as a linear line, we have come to realise that terms such as 'high' and 'low' functioning or definitions of 'mild', 'moderate' or 'severe' aren't helpful and can be misleading. 'Nowadays, we think of autism in terms of the strengths and needs of the individual, which can change over time depending on their environment and support network.' About 700,000 people in the UK are thought to have autism - that's one in 100. But research by University College London suggests that number could be twice as high, as many people remain undiagnosed. Cases are on the rise though. Figures released last year showed a 175 per cent increase from 2011 to 2022. Dr Selina Warlow, clinical psychologist and owner of 'Receiving a diagnosis can open access to expert resources that support autistic people to thrive in society.' Autism has long been associated with social difficulties, like problems maintaining conversations and forming relationships. But research published in the journal Cell Press suggested that repetitive behaviours - like rocking or finger-flicking - and special interests - whether it's TV shows or specific animals - are more indicative of an autism diagnosis. Generally though, experts say the Sensitivity - autistic people can be much more or less sensitive to sights, sounds, textures, tastes and smells. For example, they find bright lights or crowded spaces overwhelming, Leanne says. They may also stand too close to others or need to move their whole body to look at something. Stimming - to manage this sensory overload, some people use repetitive movements or sounds. 'This is called stimming, and includes rocking, tapping and hand-flapping,' Dr Warlow says. 'Though it's something everyone does to some extent, those with autism are likely to engage with it as a form of self-regulation.' Masking - this is a strategy used by some autistic people, consciously or not, to match neurotypical people, Dr Warlow says. 'It's a way of hiding your true characteristics, and could involve copying facial expressions, planning conversations in advance, or holding in 'stimming' - swapping hand clapping with playing with a pen, for example,' she adds. Burnout - this is a state of physical, mental and emotional exhaustion and is a common feature in autism. 'Being extremely tired, both mentally and physically, can be associated with the act of masking for a long period of time, or sensory or social overload,' Dr Warlow says. 'Symptoms of autistic burnout include social withdrawal, reduced performance and increased sensitivity.' Social struggles - socialising can be confusing or tiring for autistic people. They often find it hard to understand what others are thinking or feeling, making it challenging to make friends. Leanne says: 'In adults, autism may present as difficulties with interpreting social cues such as understanding body language or sarcasm, struggling to express emotions or preferring to be alone. This can impact relationships and work.' Routine - many of us have a fairly regular daily schedule. But for autistic people, this becomes a 'very strong preference for routine', Leanne says. This could be needing a daily timetable to know what is going to happen and when, or having rigid preferences about foods or clothing. Literal thinking - some autistic people have a literal view of language - like believing it's actually 'raining cats and dogs' or that someone really wants you to 'break a leg'. Dr Warlow says: 'This can result in confusion with figures of speech, irony or indirect requests. 'For instance, being told to 'pull your socks up' might be understood literally, not as a motivational phrase.' Hyperfocus - often associated with ADHD, hyperfocusing is also common in autistic people. 'It's where you're able to focus intensely on an activity and become absorbed to the point of forgetting about time,' Dr Warlow says. 'This is useful in work or hobbies but can result in neglect of other aspects of life, such as food or rest.' Special interests - we all have hobbies and interests, but for autistic people, these are so compelling they often want to spend all their time learning about, thinking about or doing them. 'Special interests could include anything from dinosaurs to superheroes, and gardening to music,' Dr Warlow says. 'These usually begin in childhood, but can also form as an adult. 'Chris Packham is an example of an autistic person who turned his childhood special interest in animals into a successful career, becoming one of the UK's best-loved natural world TV presenters.
Scottish Sun
6 days ago
- Health
- Scottish Sun
How the way you WALK could reveal a hidden autism diagnosis – the 3 signs to look for in your child
Gait differences may be a supporting characteristic of autism - read on for the core traits of the condition and why they often go unnoticed IN STEP How the way you WALK could reveal a hidden autism diagnosis – the 3 signs to look for in your child Click to share on X/Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) AUTISM is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people socialise, communicate and interact with the world. Autistic people may find socialising confusing or tiring, become overwhelmed in loud or crowded places and crave order and routine. Sign up for Scottish Sun newsletter Sign up 2 Toe-walking, walking on tip toes or the balls of the feet, can be a characteristic of autism if it continues past early childhood Credit: Getty 2 Walking with feet turned in can be another one - though autism isn't the only cause of this Credit: Getty But the condition - which is not an illness or disease that needs to be 'cured' - can also affect how some people move or walk, researchers say. In fact, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - a guide book widely used for diagnosing mental health conditions - lists an "odd gait" as supporting feature of autism. Nicole Rinehart, a Professor of clinical psychology and director of the neurodevelopment program at Monash University outlined three "noticeable gait differences" autistic people might have in The Conversation. These may include: Toe-walking, walking on the balls of the feet In-toeing, walking with one or both feet turned inwards Out-toeing, walking with one or both feet turned out Walking on the toes or the balls of the feet is fairly common in children who are just beginning to walk, until the age of three. Most will outgrow it the habit. If toe-walking doesn't correct itself over time, or begins suddenly, the NHS recommends children be assessed by a health professional for growth-growth related pain, neurodevelopmental disorders or autism. "Children with autism spectrum disorder or sensory integration issues will frequently toe walk as it feels more comfortable for them," the East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust explains. In and out-toeing are also fairly common and can simply be caused by the rotation of the thigh and shin bones, aside from autism. Simple 10-question test that can help determine if you have autism They don't usually need treatment and will go away on their own by the time a child is eight. The NHS advises parents to speak a GP about their children's gait if they're worried about it. Autism can cause other, more subtle changes to the way people walk, according to Prof Rinehart. She pointed to 30-year study of autistic people, which found that some with the condition may: Walk more slowly Take wider steps Spend longer in the 'stance' phase, when the foot leaves the ground Take more time to complete each step "Autistic people show much more personal variability in the length and speed of their strides, as well as their walking speed," Prof Rinehart wrote. "Gait differences also tend to occur alongside other motor differences, such as issues with balance, coordination, postural stability and handwriting." She explained that gait differences in autistic people might be caused by "differences in brain development". What is autism? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an incurable, lifelong developmental condition that affects how people perceive the world and interact with others. It affects around one in 100 people in the UK and is three to four times more common in boys than in girls. Many people with ASD find it hard to understand other people's feelings and emotions, and they may have difficulty holding conversations. When they are young, their language development may take longer and they can struggle to use facial expressions, using gestures to communicate instead. They may also find it hard to connect with other people and to hold eye contact with unfamiliar individuals. Many children with ASD like to follow a routine, and changes to this can cause distress. High functioning autism is an informal term some people use to describe those on the autism spectrum disorder. Areas such as the basal ganglia - which is responsible for making walking effortless, smooth and automatic - and the cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement, may develop differently in people with autism, the expert said. "While some researchers have suggested that autistic gait occurs due to delayed development, we now know gait differences persist across the lifespan. "Some differences actually become clearer with age." Some people with gait differences may also have more difficulties with language and cognition. In some cases, these signs can indicate that an autistic person is experiencing "sensory or cognitive overload" and might need some "extra support or a break" in that moment, the expert said. Do gait differences need to be treated? Differences in the way autistic people walk don't necessarily need to be treated, Prof Rinehart said. "Some autistic people might have subtle gait differences that are observable during testing," she wrote. "But if these differences don't impact a person's ability to participate in everyday life, they don't require support." But some may be at increased risk of falls, have difficulty participating in sports or other physical activities, or may get pain in their legs or back from the way they walk. In these cases, children may benefit from some additional support, whether that be from a clinic, at school, or in their local communities. "Our community-based intervention studies show autistic children's movement abilities can improve after engaging in community-based interventions, such as sports or dance," Prof Rinehart said. "Community-based support models empower autistic children to have agency in how they move, rather than seeing different ways of moving as a problem to be fixed."
The Star
09-06-2025
- Business
- The Star
Big Smile, Not Teeth: Soon, we won't be the smartest on the planet anymore
CEO of AI startup Anthropic, Dario Amodei issued a stark warning that AI is going to eliminate 50% of entry-level white collar jobs in the next five years. Bad news for people who like working to pay for housing, food, and life. Artificial intelligence (AI) researcher, and CEO of AI startup Anthropic, Dario Amodei issued a stark warning that AI is going to eliminate 50% of entry-level white collar jobs in the next five years, and could raise unemployment in the United States to 20%. He noted that the American general public and politicians are unaware, and that society 'can't just sleepwalk into it'. Is this claim overblown? Is AI really going to disrupt society? Yes. Absolutely, the robots are coming for our jobs. I see no way around it and anyone who says different either doesn't know what they're talking about or is lying. Well, that's what I believe anyway. Let's start with the good news (because my editor says I need to soften the blow). AI will make some jobs easier, more efficient, and less eye-dryingly boring. Imagine if spreadsheets updated themselves. Imagine if you wanted to create an app for your kids and all you had to do was ask an AI program to write it for you. Imagine calling a helpline and getting immediate and relevant help because the call centre is run by helpful AI agents. This future is already partially here and will be fully embraced in the coming years. So hooray! Things get easier, more functional, and if you were working in that call centre, chances are you're happy to leave the stressful life of call centre operator and go do anything else (I had a friend who routinely vomited daily before reporting for her job in a call centre). But now here's the bad news. AI isn't just going to take over the boring menial jobs, or the ones where people get verbally abused over the phone. AI is going to be composing music, shooting content for film and TV, analysing court cases, doing your taxes, diagnosing your illness, and possibly very soon, writing the majority of what you read online. AI has read every book, watched every TED Talk, and knows, or is going to know, how to do everyone's job. And I'm no exception. Take Google's new Veo 3 video generator. It can generate lifelike visuals and native audio. Basically, it's like having a film crew except that film crew can shoot content anywhere in the world, anywhere in time, anything you can dream up. As these tools get more complex and targeted to the film and TV industry, it becomes easier to see how the media industry in two to five years will only need a few people at the top to create content. The storytellers. Everyone else? VFX, gone. The whole crew to light and shoot? Gone. The production assistants running around on set. Gone. AI-generated video is going to disrupt the mature film and TV markets and level the playing field with the lower budget markets. And this same example is going to happen in all industries AI touches. This is why Anthropic's CEO sees AI disrupting entry level jobs. We still need expertise to lead AI. AI can generate content but it will be our human subjectivity that dictates what is good and what isn't. It's just that we won't need as many people as we used to, to get there. But surely jobs that need a human touch are safe? Not so much. A new study titled 'Is ChatGPT more empathetic than humans?' concluded that ChatGPT responses are rated 10% higher in empathy than human responses. This means AI can emulate empathetic communication. The bedside manner needed to be a doctor? AI can do that. How about having an AI therapist? AI is there. And AI will never get tired of hearing about your problems. It's good, but also very scary how many of us will fall into the 'AI is our best friend' rabbit hole. So what do we do? What humans have always done. Adapt. Learn. In the future, jobs perhaps will be less like identities and more like skillsets that some people have or don't have. Maybe working nine to five until we're seniors shouldn't be the goal to begin with. No one really knows, but AI is going to rewrite what it means to live and work. Above all else, our time as the smartest thing on this planet is coming to an end, so enjoy that while it lasts. Avid writer Jason Godfrey – a model who once was told to give the camera a 'big smile, no teeth' – has worked internationally for two decades in fashion and continues to work in dramas, documentaries and lifestyle programming. Write to him at lifestyle@ and follow him on Instagram @bigsmilenoteeth and The views expressed here are entirely the writer's own.
India Today
05-06-2025
- Health
- India Today
CT scan and MRI facilities to start soon in Delhi Government hospitals
Good news for people living in Delhi: The Delhi government is soon going to start CT scan and MRI facilities in its government hospitals. Health Minister Pankaj Singh has confirmed that the necessary process for launching these services is already day, thousands of patients visit government hospitals in Delhi for treatment. However, most of them face long delays in getting an MRI scan, which is crucial for diagnosing serious health issues. Currently, out of 36 government hospitals in the capital, only three hospitals, LNJP, GB Pant, and Indira Gandhi Hospital, offer MRI to this shortage, patients either wait for several months for their scan or pay a high price to get it done in private centres. To solve this problem, the Delhi government has decided to provide these facilities in more hospitals. MRI in 34 Hospitals, CT Scans in 12The government will now roll out MRI scan services in 34 hospitals and CT scan services in 12 hospitals. However, patients may have to pay up to Rs 2,400 for the scan. These services are likely to be provided under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, which will help reduce the financial burden on comparison, private centres charge anywhere between Rs 5,000 and Rs 15,000 for an MRI to Health Minister Pankaj Singh, the availability of these services will not only make the treatment process faster but also provide much-needed relief to patients. In many cases, the patient's condition is critical, and an MRI is urgently needed. "But due to a lack of machines, treatment often gets delayed,' he MRI and CT Scans MatterMRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a modern and detailed diagnostic test that helps doctors understand the condition inside the body clearly. It is especially important in detecting serious illnesses like cancer and brain launched, this step by the Delhi government is expected to make healthcare more accessible, affordable, and efficient for ordinary people.
RTÉ News
03-06-2025
- Health
- RTÉ News
What is CTE and why does it matter for Irish athletes?
Analysis: Brain injuries in sport are a growing public health issue that affects players at all levels, from local community teams to seasoned professionals By Chris Greene, RCSI Whether it's a clash of heads during a rugby tackle, a late hit in Gaelic football, or a crunching collision on the soccer pitch, head impacts in sport are unfortunately part of the game. But what are the long-term consequences? And what should we be doing about them, especially here in Ireland? Brain injuries in sport aren't just a concern for elite athletes or international stars, they're a growing public health issue that affects players at all levels, from local community teams to seasoned professionals. In the United States alone, an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million sports-related concussions occur every year. But not all head knocks result in a full-blown concussion. In fact, many more go under the radar as "sub-concussive" impacts, blows that might not cause obvious symptoms but still impact the brain. There is mounting evidence that it is the cumulative effect of these repeated, lower impact hits; not just the number of concussions, that plays a key role in the development of a serious condition called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). From RTÉ Radio 1's Saturday with Colm Ó Mongáin, Ombudsman waiting eight years for children's sport concussion policy What is CTE? CTE is a progressive brain disease linked to repeated head injuries. It's been seen in boxers, American footballers, rugby players, and increasingly in other contact sports like soccer or MMA. At present, it can only be definitively diagnosed after death, during an autopsy. Neuropathologists look for an abnormal build-up of a protein called tau, which clusters around small blood vessels in the brain. This build-up appears to damage nearby brain tissue and over time may lead to memory loss, mood swings, and confusion. Because diagnosing CTE in living individuals remains a challenge, researchers have developed a set of clinical guidelines called Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES). Think of TES as a way to spot red flags like memory problems or changes in behaviour in people with a history of head injuries. These criteria, updated by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) in 2021, were developed by studying confirmed CTE cases. While TES does not provide a definitive diagnosis, it indicates the possibility of trauma-related brain injury. Ongoing international projects, like DIAGNOSE CTE, are trying to find ways to detect signs of the disease earlier, but we're not quite there yet. From CNN, Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta explains the causes and symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy What's the role of the blood-brain barrier? One of the most important and least understood players in this story is something called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It's a kind of security gate that protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream. Disruptions to the BBB have been seen in many neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury. In CTE, researchers have found that the protective barrier may start to leak, allowing toxic proteins or inflammatory molecules to seep into brain tissue. Our research group, alongside others, has found that athletes exposed to repetitive head injury, even without a diagnosed concussion, can show signs of this barrier breaking down. It's not just in American football or boxing; similar patterns are being investigated in Irish rugby and GAA players too. Ireland isn't just watching from the sidelines. A collaborative project between RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital is exploring how repeated head trauma affects the blood-brain barrier and how this might contribute to memory issues or cognitive decline in later life. The project, funded by Research Ireland, uses advanced imaging techniques, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, to measure BBB health in retired athletes. What's striking is that even years after leaving the sport, some former players still show signs of brain changes. The next step is to understand how this relates to things like depression, memory loss, or dementia. Why it matters Traumatic brain injuries have been linked with a higher risk of conditions like dementia, mood disorders, and even suicide. In the US, retired American footballers are five times more likely to develop dementia. But this isn't just an American story. A Scottish study found that former professional soccer players were 3.5 times more likely to die from a neurodegenerative disease. Swedish studies have shown similar findings. While Irish data is still emerging, there are real concerns for former rugby players here at home. Rugby only turned professional in the mid-1990s, so we're just beginning to understand the long-term impacts on those who played at the top level. From RTÉ Radio 1's Today with Claire Byrne, Consultant Neurologist at the Mater Professor Tim Lynch on concussions in sport A game of balance Sport is a vital part of Irish life. From weekend GAA matches to the roar of the Aviva on a Six Nations Day, it brings people together, builds community, and supports mental and physical health. But with this passion must come responsibility. Protecting brain health isn't about taking the joy out of sport, it's about ensuring that players can enjoy those benefits long after the final whistle. That means better awareness, smarter rules, improved protective equipment, and ongoing research into how to detect and treat brain injuries early. It also means listening to former players, parents, coaches, and medical professionals as we build a safer future for the next generation of Irish athletes.
