Latest news with #femalehealth
Yahoo
07-07-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
The hidden physical powers that help women outlive men
EDITOR'S NOTE: Starre Vartan is the author of 'The Stronger Sex: What Science Tells Us About the Power of the Female Body,' which will be published on July 15. People who lived through the Irish Potato Famine, enslavement in Trinidad and Icelandic measles epidemics all have something in common: Women outlive men in dire circumstances. That's because the female body is built for resilience and longevity, as I found while researching for my new book, 'The Stronger Sex.' Despite having more complex reproductive organs and the burdensome, sometimes fatal, functions that come with them — menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding — female bodies tend to outlast male bodies. And that's the case even though girls in many parts of the world have access to fewer resources, such as food and medical care, than boys do. That female toughness holds true in extreme circumstances, as Virginia Zarulli, now an associate professor of demography at Italy's University of Padua, found when she analyzed survival data across seven historical populations experiencing famines, epidemics and enslavement. Under these brutal conditions, women outlived men across almost all ages and locations, including among the 'high-mortality' populations who confronted famine in Ukraine, Ireland and Sweden; enslavement in Trinidad; and measles epidemics in Iceland, according to her 2018 study, published in the journal PNAS. Even newborn girls in these environments had a higher survival rate than newborn boys — a hint that the female survival advantage is rooted in biology. Essential female strength also shows up today in places where women experience fewer extreme physical stresses overall: 'When we analyze the empirical data, for modern people it shows that death rates for men are higher than for women, pretty much at every age,' Zarulli said. Recognizing and building on these sex-based differences can help transform how we approach health care, including treatments for cancer and vaccine protocols — making medicine more precise, personalized and effective, especially for women. People assigned female at birth have two X chromosomes, a fundamental advantage over XY, the chromosomes males have at birth. That's because the X chromosome is much larger, containing roughly 10 times more genes. Female bodies therefore have access to a wider range of immune genes, making their defense system remarkably strong and diverse. As neurogeneticist and evolutionary biologist Dr. Sharon Moalem wrote in 'The Better Half: On the Genetic Superiority of Women,' his book about the XX chromosome advantage, 'Women have immunologically evolved to out-mutate men.' Since viruses and bacteria are always mutating, an immune system that can quickly adapt is more resilient. Estrogen, generally higher in female bodies, also confers a variety of immune advantages. As a result, female mammals — including humans — have better-equipped immune systems, in both their innate, generalized responses and their adaptive, specialized responses. Female bodies also have higher counts of active neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell that fights infections. Scientists have also found that female bodies have more robust B cell activity — the action of white blood cells that adapt to fight off viruses or bacteria. This advantage may also be due in part to estrogen, and researchers are trying to tease apart what is mediated by hormones, what is affected by genes and what might be attributable to other causes. Women produce more targeted antibodies to fight infections and also retain immunological memory longer, making their bodies more adept at responding to future infections, according to researchers. This all leads to 'the very well-known phenomenon that males tend to be more susceptible to a lot of diseases than females — though not in every disease or every individual, of course,' said Marlene Zuk, a Regents Professor and evolutionary biologist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Since female bodies mount stronger immune defenses, they generally have a stronger vaccine and virus response, a greater ability to fight off sepsis and a decreased risk of some cancers. The downside of this powerful system, however, is that women get more autoimmune diseases than men do. Women are also more likely to live with chronic illness after surviving diseases that would have killed male bodies. Testosterone also seems to be an immune disadvantage, and males have more of that hormone than females do. Zuk said that in early experiments scientists found they could 'neuter male animals and their immunity would get better or inject female animals with testosterone and their immunity would get worse.' Why? It may be that the testosterone enables male animals toward greater reproductive success by 'living hard and dying young,' Zuk said. Some of the female immune advantage may be male immune disadvantage, and while it's accepted that hormones affect immunity, determining to what degree is an ongoing research question. Some scientists argue that lifestyle and culture lead to a significant part of the male longevity disadvantage. As a population, men tend to smoke more, drink more alcohol and engage in riskier activities than women, and men tend to exclude most women from more physically dangerous jobs. Studies focused on what happens when women adopt some of the unhealthy habits traditionally more likely among male populations, such as smoking, still show that women live longer than men, Zarulli said. 'In populations where men and women had the same lifestyle, there was still a difference in mortality — women had a higher life expectancy than men.' The female advantage is likely due to more than genetic and hormonal factors, according to new research: It's also found in the very structure of women's bodies. At North Carolina State University, a team led by microbial ecologist Erin McKenney and forensic anthropologist Amanda Hale conducted a landmark study measuring the lengths of the small intestines in cadavers for the first time since 1885. The team discovered that women's small intestines were significantly longer than men's — an advantage that allows women to extract more nutrition from the same quantity of food. This finding, published in the journal PeerJ in a 2023 paper, might be explained by the extra demands on female bodies throughout human history: 'The vast majority of the nutrients you need to replenish your system — especially during reproduction and nursing, like protein and fat — that's what's being absorbed by your small intestine,' Hale said. This could be a key piece of the 'Female Buffering Hypothesis' — the idea that female biology evolved to withstand environmental and physiological stress better — according to Hale. Traditional medical research has long ignored the complexities of the female body. As these genomic and physiological functions are better studied and understood, the drivers behind the strength and resilience of the female body will come into focus. This knowledge will inform more targeted treatments for infection and immunity—for all bodies. Get inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for CNN's Life, But Better newsletter for information and tools designed to improve your well-being.
Condé Nast Traveler
26-06-2025
- Health
- Condé Nast Traveler
Six Senses Douro Valley Is Pioneering a New Perimenopause Program
In a nutshell 'Men have had extensive hormonal research done, but females are still playing catch up,' said Anna Bjurstam, the Head of Six Senses Spas and Wellness. As such she and her team have spent the last few years developing an effective program focussing on hormone balance, diet, exercise, sleep habits, bio and other metrics. Experts in the field—including Mindy Pelz who literally wrote the book on the importance of fasting in female health—oversee the program and according to Bjurstam, all practitioners will go through a certification on female health. Though it was piloted at Six Senses Douro Valley and is currently available at Six Senses Kanuhura in the Maldives, Six Senses Crans-Montana, Six Senses Ninha Van Bay, and Six Senses Rome, it will soon roll out across the entire Six Senses portfolio and guests can choose between three, five, and seven-day programs. Before arrival The program is designed to have you hit the ground running so much of the screenings happen before arrival. I had a series of calls with experts, including Javier Suarez, the property's Director of Wellness and Joana Barretos, a physiotherapist and female health expert at home in New York in the weeks leading up to my visit. I will admit that I can be skeptical of short-term, intense wellness retreats—the all-in-approach over 72 hours that doesn't replicate your life at home makes me dubious that the results will last, and I was here because I needed to make new habits that would work with my real life. I appreciated talking with Javier, who, after asking me to identify the key points I wanted to explore (trouble sleeping, weight gain, eating habits) told me to be me. 'If you drink at home, don't deprive yourself of a drink here,' he said. 'You have to eat the fries.' I submitted a questionnaire before my call with Joana, which allowed her to talk me through my symptoms and discuss my goals. For me, it was education so that I could effectively combat the fluctuations in weight, moodiness, fatigue, and more in my day to day life. We discussed my cycle, my diet, and my mental energy in recent months. I told her what exercise I preferred and did at home (a hard pass on yoga and pilates, which is often what these retreats seem to offer. I need a gym.). Three days before my arrival, a program was sent to my inbox.
CBC
12-05-2025
- Business
- CBC
Waterloo startup wins money for invention that is a 'game-changer' for women's health
A women-led startup looking to ease the pain of testing for female health problems has won national money to keep their momentum going. CELLECT Laboratories Inc., based in Waterloo, Ont., was created by nanotechnology engineering alumna CT Murphy last year as part of a fourth-year capstone project at the University of Waterloo. The company's newest invention aims to address issues in screening for cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV). The invention includes nanomaterial incorporated onto a commercial sanitary pad used for menstruation that will be able to collect cervical and other bacterial cells from vaginal fluids, namely menstrual blood. From there, the pad itself can be sent out to a lab for processing. CELLECT's goal, according to their website, is communicated through a catchy hashtag: #ScrapthePap. The idea is to reduce a woman's need for a Pap test, a life-saving medical process that can oftentimes be invasive, uncomfortable and even painful. In March 2024, Murphy received funding through Velocity's Up Start program and Cornerstone program to get started on the product. Now, the team are finalists in the Odlum Brown Forum Pitch, a national program for women entrepreneurs. Co-founder and COO Ibukun Elebute's pitch secured $44,420. "[It was] an electrifying feeling because I don't know that I've pitched in front of so many women in my time… so it was truly humbling, heartwarming," she said. The Odlum Brown Forum Pitch, or The Forum, hosted the competition's finale late April in Vancouver, B.C. There were over 800 attendees. The Vancouver event alone raised over $1.3 million for the charity's programming. After her pitch, Elebute described the "humbling" response from women who approached her with excitement for CELLECT's products. "That's huge validation for what we're doing," she said. In a release, CEO Kirsten Koppang Telford spoke to the importance of championing projects like CELLECT. "At a time when supporting homegrown innovation matters more than ever, we're proud to celebrate this year's finalists and all participants as they tackle real-world challenges with Canadian-built solutions," she said. Elebute notes that the funding will go toward making sure their prototype receives complete validation before the end of the year. Once a full prototype makes its way through pre-clinical rounds, it's full steam ahead for trials with clinical partners. Elebute joined the team with a background in biomedical engineering and 10 years of experience in the health technology industry. "I didn't realize how under served and under researched women's health care was," she said. "I was very infuriated and became very passionate about it because I realized that what we're inventing at CELLECT could really be a game-changer." Addressing that gap is critical to her in order to catch up on all the years women's health care may have lost in research and development. "The speculum that we all know and that's used to access the cervix was invented over 50 years ago… everything we've built and all of our knowledge and medicines and devices were all on the basis of men," she said. CELLECT Laboratories currently has a wait list on their website for the moment they're able to launch their product. For now, Elebute takes solace in knowing that Canada is supporting their efforts.
