Latest news with #firefly
Washington Post
2 days ago
- Science
- Washington Post
On a dark night in the forest, I met the goddess of youth
I'm on a Civil War battlefield in West Virginia late on a dark night, and I've got the Heebie-Jeebies. At least I hope I do. 'So, that could be a Heebie-Jeebie,' reports my guide for the evening, Krista Noe, an ecologist with West Virginia's Division of Natural Resources. She and her colleagues are on a mission to identify all the firefly species in the state. They are at 29 — and counting. She is pointing out a faint, yellowish flash every second or so near a clump of trees. 'Probably a Heebie,' she says. She steps into the brush, flushing a rabbit or some other small animal from its bed, and counts the flashes out loud. After 11 uninterrupted flashes, she has no doubt. 'These ones, they're Heebies,' Noe confirms. We have already seen the Big Dipper and the Spring 4-Flasher, the July Comet and the Creekside Tree Blinker (though a dissection might show that they are actually Little Grays). The ones flashing in the trees, too high to examine, are probably Photuris tremulans — Christmas Lights — and the ones lower down and glowing bluish-green are Chinese Lanterns. We stand in the forest for more than two hours, watching the bioluminescent mating display: yellow and green, bright and subtle, fast and slow, twinkling and flashing. First, at dusk, we met Photinus pyralis, the common eastern firefly whose J-stroke flash pattern earns them their 'Big Dipper' nickname. In suburban backyards and urban parks, these are the ones children have captured in jars for generations. Here in the woods in great abundance, they give the impression that we are surrounded by fairies. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement Later come the Chinese Lanterns, with their ghostly pulsing, and the female Photuris fireflies. These femmes fatales lure the males of other species by mimicking the flashes of their mates — and then eat them to steal the protective chemicals they produce, called lucibufagins. For Noe and her colleague, entomologist Jakob Goldner, the night is a disappointment. They were hoping to find a species, seen in this spot three years ago, that is so rare they don't want me to name it in print. But it hasn't shown up. 'Another year of getting skunked,' Noe says. Krista Noe, an ecologist with West Virginia's Division of Natural Resources, inspects a firefly. (Ken Cedeno/For The Washington Post) For me, however, it is an enchanting evening. There are few things more soothing than sitting on the porch on my farm at night, watching the fireflies. But to be in the forest with scientists — fireflyers, they call themselves — is to discover a fireworks show more intricate than any human-produced pyrotechnics. Each species — there are more than 125 identified in North America and more than 2,200 in the world — has a distinctive flash pattern, color and timing. And then there are the names: Luminous Ghost. Davis's Oddball. Sneaky Elf. Wiggle Dancer. Texas Hooker. The star of the night for me, if only because of its name, is the Heebie-Jeebie, Photuris hebes. Found on the Potomac River near Great Falls a century ago, it is named for the Greek goddess of youth. In one sense, it's odd to associate any firefly with youth, for by the time we see them lighting up our nights, they are already at the end of their lives. They live for up to two years as larvae, but once they take flight, they have just a few weeks to mate before they die. Most don't even eat during their short time aloft. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement But these aged flyers, by burning brightly at life's end, have a way of transporting us back to our childhoods. 'It's impossible to be outside at night and see fireflies and not feel joy and wonder and excitement, and this connection to your inner child,' says Candace Fallon, a conservation biologist — and fireflyer — with the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. 'I mean, you'll have a bunch of adults, biologists out in the field together, and suddenly everyone is squealing with excitement as fireflies burst into light.' The firefly restores us in more tangible ways, too. The substances that make it glow — the enzyme luciferase and the substrate luciferin — have for decades been used to keep our food supply safe, because they identify microbial contamination. More recently, they have helped to screen new cancer treatments and aided genetics research by reporting when genes turn on and off. There is also hope that the firefly's lucibufagin, a toxin that deters predators, could be used to kill cancer cells. 'Fireflies are a great example of how evolution's creative tinkering has gifted us with so many really, really useful tools and technologies,' says Sara Lewis, co-chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Firefly Specialist Group. This is why we need to care about the rapid decline of insect populations in recent years, often referred to as the insect apocalypse, even if we don't care about insects for their own sake. Of the 1.2 million animal species known to science (several times that number remain unidentified), about 80 percent are insects. Many of those, like fireflies, could contain miracle cures for humans and for the planet, developed over hundreds of millions of years. But if habitat loss, pesticides and artificial light push them into extinction before their secrets are known, their cures will die with them. 'If insects begin to disappear from various ecosystems on the Earth, it's a serious problem — not just for those ecosystems, but for all of those future medical breakthroughs that we're losing, things that could have been discovered that we will never see again,' says Lewis, a Tufts University biology professor emerita. 'Insects are endlessly inventive. They're small and a lot of things want to eat them, so they have evolved to be very well protected against losing their lives.' They could also protect our lives, and they could be the goddess Hebe for generations unborn — but only if we don't kill them first. Krista Noe records data while she and other ecologists survey the firefly community in West Virginia. (Ken Cedeno/For The Washington Post) It is a lament so common as to be universal: There just aren't as many fireflies as there were when I was a kid. But is it true? Nobody has been tracking firefly populations long enough to know for sure. But studies of individual species of fireflies and glowworms point to a decline, as does common sense: If insects are declining almost across the board, fireflies shouldn't be immune. In 2021, researchers found that 14 percent of firefly species in North America are threatened with extinction, while 53 percent of species could not be evaluated because of insufficient data. But part of the perceived disappearance of fireflies might have less to do with them than with us. We simply don't spend as much time outdoors as we used to. 'We have all these devices now, and screens and lights. How often do any of us really go out at night after dark and just hang out and see what's out there?' asks Fallon. 'Perhaps the fireflies are there, but we're just not noticing them. I'm finding that, especially in the West, where I do a lot of my firefly fieldwork, folks are adamant that there aren't fireflies in places like Colorado and Utah and Arizona and New Mexico. And we go out there at the right time of year, the right time of night, and we find them.' Both of these problems — the apparent decline of fireflies and the loss of our outdoor time — can be solved. Please: Quit the insecticides and buy your food from producers that don't use them. Don't cut your lawn as often or as short, because that's where fireflies and other insects hide during the day. And shut off your outside lights, particularly those with bright-white LED bulbs; they are bad for all insects but particularly those that use light to communicate with one another. 'If you've got a lot of streetlamps and porch lights, the fireflies don't flash at all,' observes Ariel Firebaugh, a fireflyer with the University of Virginia's Blandy Experimental Farm. And if they don't flash, they don't reproduce. After you've killed the lights, go outside and watch the show that inspired the poets and delighted our ancestors. (But hurry: They'll only be with us this year for a couple more weeks.) For centuries, cultures across the globe have alternately viewed fireflies as symbols of passion and spirits of the dead. Even today, tens of thousands attend firefly displays in Malaysia, Taiwan and Japan. In this country, thousands enter a lottery in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park for a chance to view synchronous fireflies that flash in unison: six times, every six seconds. A long-exposure photo shows fireflies on Longgang Trail in Keelung, Taiwan, on May 7, 2024. (I-Hwa Cheng/AFP/Getty Images) Those in the Midwest prefer the term 'lightning bugs,' those in the West say 'fireflies,' and most of the country uses both. In fact, they are neither flies nor true bugs, but beetles of the Lampyridae family. All firefly larvae are glowworms, but not all glowworms are fireflies; the bioluminescent railroad worm, which looks like train tracks in the dark, is one such exception. Further complicating matters, some fireflies, such as the Winter Firefly, produce no light. The Photinus genus tends to have yellow lights, the Photuris genus tends to be green, the Pyractomena appear orange, and Phausis can look blue — but here, too, there are exceptions. The only consistent thing, it seems, is that fireflies' light shows are all about sex. Males, which outnumber their potential mates, do most of the flashing we see as they vie to be selected by the relatively scarce females. Lewis writes that, among Big Dippers, 'as many as 20 rival males will surround a single female, creating a writhing love knot.' Even after the female chooses the male she likes the best, 'several of the losing males often pile on top of the happy couple, stacking themselves up to six deep.' Sitting on my porch, I had no idea such a scandal was unfolding before me. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement I took a couple of firefly walks this summer, at the Clifton Institute in Warrenton, Virginia (where co-director Eleanor Harris led us to a stunning show of Christmas Light fireflies) and at the Blandy farm in Boyce, Virginia (where a Big Dipper hitched a ride on my daughter's hand). For a more intensive immersion, I persuaded Noe and Goldner to take me on one of their firefly surveys. Rural West Virginia offers some ideal habitat for the critters ('If you look at a light pollution map, there's a sort of West Virginia hole,' Goldner notes) and in the five years state scientists have been doing the surveys (using federal wildlife grants), they have found the same Synchronous Firefly that draws big crowds to Tennessee, and they've been chasing other novelties such as the Blue Ghost, the Shadow Ghost, the Snappy Single Sync and a cool-weather species, Photinus aquilonius. At this spot in eastern West Virginia, they typically find about six species, which is what we find tonight. After the initial fairy storm of Big Dippers at dusk, things calm down in the forest. But soon, Noe is stalking a new species. She records its yellow flashes, which come every few seconds, by making a 'tss' sound on a voice recorder so she can tell exactly how far apart the flashes are. When she's got that, she grabs her butterfly net and, with a smooth flick of the wrist, captures one. 'Got her,' she says. But it's a him: Photinus sabulosus, the Creekside Tree Blinker, with a peach-colored head and small, pinkish lanterns. He is not pleased with the situation: He fires off an alarm flash and secretes some lucibufagins on Noe's finger. Fireflies are seen on July 1 in a wooded area of West Virginia, where a team of ecologists is surveying the insects as part of a long-term monitoring effort. Photographer's note: Numerous images are stacked on top of one another so that many fireflies can be viewed in a single frame. (Ken Cedeno/For The Washington Post) An hour after dusk, the first Photuris species of the night — the Christmas Lights, Noe suspects — make their appearance in the treetops. Adding to the show, the July Comets start streaking about. A couple of times, she and Goldner think they might have found one of the rare species — 'We've got eyes on something,' Noe calls out — but both times she decides 'it's too slow, and it's inconsistent.' These are the femmes fatales: Photuris females trying to lure males to their deaths by trickery. At one point, Noe spots something different. 'Oop! There's one over there. Right in front of us. There's — oop! See, there's one down there. Oop! There's one right there. Oop! Single flashes. Oop! There's one on the — oop! Right there. Oop!' Story continues below advertisement Advertisement This is something I've never seen before. She's pointing out flashes that burn brightly, then fade slowly, like a cigar end. These are the Chinese Lanterns, a still-undefined complex of species also called 'Low Slow Glows.' They are ghostly and exquisite. 'You get a bunch of species doing that slow glow, and it's just ethereal,' Noe says. 'You can't see it, but I'm getting chills.' It's nearing 11 p.m. when I return to my car — and find that it won't start. It'll be hours before I get it fixed and make my way home, but even this doesn't break my equanimity. I've been restored by the goddess Hebe.
Yahoo
4 days ago
- Automotive
- Yahoo
HERE Technologies partners with Nio's firefly to enhance EVs
HERE Technologies, a location data and technology platform, has partnered with smart electric vehicle (EV) company, Nio's latest car brand, firefly, to provide 'high-quality' map data and location services. This partnership is aimed at enhancing the efficiency, safety, and overall driving experience of firefly's intelligent EVs and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). HERE Technologies noted that it will enable firefly to incorporate its speed limit information to support the Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) requirement across the European Union (EU). In addition to these enhancements, firefly will benefit from a range of HERE location services through HERE's collaboration with Telenav, which includes digital cockpit and navigation experiences designed for EVs, complete with real-time traffic insights. Nio Global Business Development vice president Chris Chen said: 'HERE is a trusted partner, providing us with the high-quality, automotive-grade location technology required to meet international safety and regulatory standards.' NIO has delivered more than 42,094 vehicles globally in the first quarter of the year, a 40.1% increase year-on-year from the same period last year. firefly is said to offer 'premium EV technology', focusing on urban mobility, smart connectivity, and safety. HERE Technologies Asia Pacific general manager and senior vice president Deon Newman said: 'HERE is proud to support NIO in expanding its ecosystem with firefly. 'As Chinese EV brands scale their global presence, HERE is committed to equipping them with the AI-powered location intelligence solutions that set the global standard for automotive-grade live maps. Our collaboration with Nio underscores our dedication to enabling Chinese automakers in their export ambitions while delivering world-class driving experiences.' The introduction of firefly is expected to further accelerate Nio's growth by reaching new segments of EV consumers. In January 2025, Sony Honda Mobility (SHM) collaborated with HERE Technologies to integrate advanced location data and technology into its new EV brand, Afeela. "HERE Technologies partners with Nio's firefly to enhance EVs" was originally created and published by Just Auto, a GlobalData owned brand. The information on this site has been included in good faith for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely, and we give no representation, warranty or guarantee, whether express or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. You must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our site. Sign in to access your portfolio
Yahoo
6 days ago
- Automotive
- Yahoo
NIO's firefly brand taps HERE Technologies to power smart, connected EV journeys
HERE and NIO firefly firefly will use HERE's high-quality map data in global markets to enhance advanced driver assistance and safety functions, including Intelligent Speed Assistance within the European Union. Through its partnership with Telenav Inc., HERE provides firefly users with seamless in-car navigation, including real-time traffic updates, for a software-defined vehicle experience. Shanghai – HERE Technologies, the leading location data and technology platform, is proud to announce its collaboration with NIO's latest car brand, firefly. HERE is providing firefly with high-quality map data and location services used to enhance the electric vehicle (EV) and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The collaboration is focused on improving the safety, efficiency and overall driving experience of firefly's intelligent EVs. firefly is NIO's newest sub-brand, designed to bring premium EV technology to a broader audience with a focus on urban mobility, smart connectivity and safety. firefly will utilize the rich details within HERE global maps, including connected navigation and ADAS. Additionally, firefly will leverage HERE's speed limit data, incorporating fresh speed limit information to support the Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) requirement across the European Union. Additionally, through HERE's partnership with Telenav Inc., firefly will integrate a suite of HERE location services—enhancing digital cockpit and navigation experiences tailored for EVs, including real-time traffic insights. Chris Chen, Vice President of NIO Global Business Development said, 'To bring firefly to Europe, we needed to collaborate with a partner who understands the complexities of global mobility. HERE is a trusted partner, providing us with the high-quality, automotive-grade location technology required to meet international safety and regulatory standards. With HERE's expertise, we can ensure that firefly drivers experience the same seamless and intelligent mobility solutions, no matter where they are.' A pioneer and a leading company in the global smart EV market, NIO has rapidly expanded its footprint, delivering over 42,094 vehicles worldwide in the first quarter of 2025, marking a 40.1% year-on-year increase1 from the same period in 2024. With a strong presence in China and Europe, NIO continues to push the boundaries of intelligent electric mobility. The launch of firefly is set to accelerate this momentum, expanding NIO's reach to a new segment of EV consumers. Deon Newman, Senior Vice President and General Manager for Asia Pacific at HERE Technologies said, 'HERE is proud to support NIO in expanding its ecosystem with firefly. As Chinese EV brands scale their global presence, HERE is committed to equipping them with the AI-powered location intelligence solutions that set the global standard for automotive-grade live maps. Our collaboration with NIO underscores our dedication to enabling Chinese automakers in their export ambitions while delivering world-class driving experiences.' As HERE strengthens its presence in the Chinese automotive sector, this partnership highlights the company's role in powering next-generation mobility solutions for global EV contacts firefly press@ HERE Technologies Vanessa Lee+65 9188 6199 is NIO's answer to the global compact electric car market, further expanding NIO's portfolio to drive growth efficiently. A sub-brand of NIO, firefly was officially launched in December 2024 and is to NIO a symbol of innovation and sophistication in a smaller package, building on NIO's decade-long expertise in the premium electric vehicle market. Its first model, the 'firefly' - sharing the name of the brand itself, is a small, smart, high-end electric car with a key focus on design, safety, space, intelligence and energy efficiency for active urban lifestyle users. Sales will start in China in April 2025 before expanding to global markets. Learn more at and on Instagram: is a global smart electric vehicle company founded in November 2014. Dedicated to shaping a sustainable and brighter future together by providing high-performance smart electric vehicles and exceptional user experiences, NIO is the first car company listed on the NYSE, HKEX and SGX. NIO currently has three major brands under its umbrella: NIO, ONVO and firefly. Ten years into establishment, NIO is now one of the leading companies in the global premium smart electric vehicle market, committed to fostering its own research and development capabilities for core technologies. As of the end of September 2024, the company had filed for and obtained over 9,500 patents. Additionally, NIO has developed NIO Full Stack, a collection of 12 technology domains. NIO has R&D and manufacturing facilities in Shanghai, Hefei, Beijing, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, San Jose, Munich, Oxford, Berlin, Budapest, Singapore and Abu Dhabi. The company has also established sales and service networks in China, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark and the UAE. NIO Inc. currently offers eight premium smart electric vehicle models under the NIO brand and recently launched its first model under the ONVO brand as well as its first model under the firefly brand. As of November 30, 2024, NIO Inc. had delivered a total of 640,426 vehicles, leading the premium BEV segment priced above RMB 300,000. Learn more at HERE has been a pioneer in mapping and location technology for 40 years. Today, HERE's location platform is recognized as the most complete in the industry, powering location-based products, services and custom maps for organizations and enterprises across the globe. From autonomous driving and seamless logistics to new mobility experiences, HERE allows its partners and customers to innovate while retaining control over their data and safeguarding privacy. Find out how HERE is moving the world forward at 1 NIO Inc. Reports Unaudited First Quarter 2025 Financial Results | NIO Inc. Attachment HERE and NIO firefly
Malay Mail
04-06-2025
- Science
- Malay Mail
Rare Gombak firefly not seen in Malaysia for over 100 years rediscovered in Bukit Kiara by student, prompts new questions about species survival
KUALA LUMPUR, June 5 — Discovering something rare is exciting but it becomes truly memorable when it happens unexpectedly. That was exactly the case for Tan Wei Jack, 24, a research assistant and master's student in environmental science at Monash University Malaysia. He never imagined that a routine firefly survey at Taman Persekutuan Bukit Kiara here on Oct 23 last year, would lead to the unintentional 'rediscovery' of a rare species last seen in Malaysia a century ago. His discovery — Pteroptyx gombakia (P. gombakia) or the Gombak bent-winged firefly — turned out to be the third known specimen of this particular species, and marked the ninth known firefly species identified in the Bukit Kiara urban forest, Malaysia's first federal park which is managed by the National Landscape Department. P. gombakia was officially named in 2015 by entomologist Lesly Ballantyne at the Natural History Museum in London, based on the first specimen of the species collected in 1921 from the area now known as Genting Sempah in Gombak, Selangor. Tan said the firefly specimen he collected last October was initially assumed to be of a species from the genus Colophotia, which is commonly found in Bukit Kiara. But later when he examined it closely on Jan 9, it looked different. 'So I took some photos through the microscope and sent them to my academic supervisor Dr Wan Faridah (Akmal Jusoh). After discussions, we found out it was actually a bent-winged P. gombakia (from a different genus),' he told Bernama recently. Tan said he, together with Dr Wan Faridah — a firefly taxonomist and senior lecturer in Biodiversity and Conservation at Monash University Malaysia — returned to Bukit Kiara to do more research. 'Whenever we saw their flashing lights (usually at twilight), we would catch the fireflies, observe their features, record their species and then release them,' he said. Mangrove species According to Wan Faridah, who is also the co-chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission Firefly Specialist Group, P. gombakia belongs to the genus Pteroptyx, which is usually found in mangrove habitats and known for its synchronous flashing displays in large congregations. She added there is a group of Pteroptyx called 'bent-winged' fireflies, named after their folded wings, which are also mostly found in mangroves. She said she was surprised when Tan showed her the specimen collected from the Bukit Kiara urban forest as it was 'the first bent-winged Pteroptyx ever found outside of mangroves'. 'This suggests that the species can actually survive outside that ecosystem,' she told Bernama. Wan Faridah also said she did not realise Tan's specimen was the bent-winged Pteroptyx until she examined its microscopic images. 'The difference (between P. gombakia and the more common Colophotia) was spotted in the (P. gombakia) firefly's light-producing organ called the 'lantern', which is located in the insect's abdomen,' she said. She explained both P. gombakia and Colophotia have bipartite light organs, meaning the structure is divided into two distinct sections. However, P. gombakia lacks a median carina, a ridge that separates the organ into two halves. 'Indeed, it's truly magical we have this rare group of fireflies living in the heart of our city,' she said. She also said out of the 14 known bent-winged Pteroptyx species, nine are found in mangrove ecosystems. The habitats of the remaining species, including P. gombakia, remain unclear due to a lack of ecological data. Firefly taxonomist and senior lecturer in Biodiversity and Conservation at Monash University Malaysia, Dr Wan Faridah Akmal Jusoh (left), and research assistant and environmental science postgraduate student Tan Wei Jack (right), displaying firefly specimens during an interview. — Bernama pic Types of fireflies Fireflies belong to Lampyridae, a family of insects within the Coleoptera order, which includes bioluminescent beetles. Wan Faridah said globally, more than 2,600 firefly species have been identified. In Malaysia, over 60 species have been documented so far, with at least 10 of them found in mangrove swamps. She said one of the main characteristics distinguishing territorial fireflies from mangrove forest fireflies is their behaviour: the former typically fly alone while the latter — also known as congregating fireflies — gather and display their light in groups. Of the nine Pteroptyx species found in mangrove forests, four have been listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 'Usually, two to three species can be found congregating in a single mangrove tree, and these insects require suitable water levels and temperatures to ensure the survival of their species,' she said. Wan Faridah noted that most fireflies found flying in both mangrove and terrestrial habitats are males while some females are flightless, remaining on the ground while the males fly and use light signals to locate and attract them. While congregating fireflies in mangrove swamps are well-known as ecotourism attractions in Malaysia, Wan Faridah said solitary fireflies also exist in other forest types. The Bukit Kiara urban forest, for instance, is now home to nine firefly species, including Lamprigera - the world's largest female firefly species — and the latest discovery P. gombakia. Wan Faridah said unlike most Pteroptyx species, the bent-winged firefly species recently discovered in Bukit Kiara does not appear to congregate in large numbers. 'We don't have enough data about this species and we still have many unanswered questions. 'What worries us is that we may have discovered a species (P. gombakia) which is on the brink of extinction. So currently, we are racing against time to find the answers,' she said. According to Wan Faridah, threats to P. gombakia include habitat loss due to urban development and artificial lighting at night, which causes light pollution and disrupts the flashing signals fireflies use to communicate with each other. 'Every rediscovered firefly species is evidence that extinction is possible but it can still be prevented if we act. 'If more people become aware of these endangered fireflies, perhaps more efforts will be made to protect their habitats,' she said. Wan Faridah also said despite the potential of fireflies as ecotourism assets, one of the main challenges for researchers in Malaysia is the lack of a proper species inventory and natural history collection, which would serve as a valuable archive of insect diversity. She said research on fireflies in Malaysia is limited, making conservation efforts more difficult. 'I had no intention of becoming an entomologist until I discovered kelip-kelip (fireflies) in 2006 during a final year project field trip to Kampung Sepetang, Perak, when I was an environmental science undergraduate at Universiti Putra Malaysia. 'I became curious and told my supervisor I wanted to study fireflies... but due to the lack of local studies (on fireflies), I had to start from scratch — building my own database by collecting species across Malaysia,' she said, adding her research focuses not only on biodiversity but also on the natural heritage of fireflies. She also pointed out that due to colonial-era practices, many specimens originally from Malaysia are now stored in foreign institutions. 'Due to the lack of facilities in Malaysia, as part of my research projects, I need to travel to countries like the Netherlands, France and England to visit their natural history museums to compare reference specimens of fireflies that were collected during the colonial era,' she said. She added that the process of recognising and verifying new firefly discoveries takes at least two years, and requires both funding and facilities. 'In Malaysia, very few firefly studies have been carried out. Even when discoveries are made, it is difficult for us to confirm whether they are new or just duplicates of existing species,' she said. Wan Faridah also hopes to build an extensive species database and discover new species of fireflies. 'I want to reconstruct the data so we can have a comprehensive list of what species we actually have here in Malaysia. 'My goal is to develop a national species inventory so that future generations who want to study fireflies can refer to it, so we can continue the legacy of protecting Malaysia's firefly biodiversity,' she said. — Bernama
