Latest news with #headache
Yahoo
2 days ago
- Health
- Yahoo
The Number-1 Food a Dietitian Says to Eat If You Have a Migraine
"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links."When a migraine strikes, finding relief becomes all-consuming. So it's natural to wonder if there are foods to eat for migraines that might help ease symptoms. Meet the Experts: Brian Gerhardstein, M.D., director of headache medicine at JFK University Medical Center; Kayla Farrell, R.D.N., dietitian at FRESH Communications; and Sandip Sachar, D.D.S., a dentist based in New York City A migraine is a neurological condition that causes severe headaches and pain, according to the Mayo Clinic. And its causes are hard to pin down—there are so many factors at play, and diet is just one of them. 'The concept of food triggers in the development of migraine headaches is complex,' says Brian Gerhardstein, M.D., director of headache medicine at JFK University Medical Center. And because most migraine-havers experience very different frequencies and pain points, there is no specific cure-all diet that will promise results. For example, some people find that caffeine helps their headaches, and others find the ingredient is a trigger. Still, there is 'growing evidence' that certain foods may help relieve migraines or reduce their frequency, says Kayla Farrell, R.D.N. at FRESH Communications. 'While identifying and avoiding trigger foods is important, incorporating nutrient-rich, anti-inflammatory foods into the diet can also support migraine management,' she adds. Foods and drinks for migraines Here are some foods experts say may help you find relief or lessen the frequency of migraines. Again, more research is needed on the connection between what you eat and migraines, but these bites and sips may be promising. Fatty fish Fish like salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring, sardines, and oysters are high in omega-3 fatty acids, 'which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties,' says Farrell, and therefore may offer migraine relief. In one study, after 16 weeks of treatment with diets higher in omega-3 fatty acids, the frequency and severity of headaches in people with regular migraines were reduced. Flax seeds, edamame, walnuts, and avocado For those who aren't meat eaters, these foods are also high in omega-3 fatty acids and may offer the above benefits while remaining plant-based. Sweet potato, eggs For some, migraines are triggered by temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), explains Sandip Sachar, D.D.S., a dentist based in New York City, which manifests as tight muscles around the jaw, head, and neck, often due to teeth clenching or grinding. Symptoms can be exacerbated by a diet of hard, chewy foods. So, Sachar recommends prioritizing soft, nutritious eats like mashed sweet potatoes and scrambled eggs that are easy to chew and won't trigger pain. Beans, berries, and apples In a study of 12,710 people, researchers found that an increase of 10 grams of fiber per day in their diets decreased severe headache or migraine prevalence by 11%. Most fruits and vegetables contain some amount of fiber, but legumes, berries, and apples, are on the top of that list. The study authors explained that the gut-brain axis's impact on migraines has not been explored much, but research suggests that more 'intestinal permeability may lead to the arrival of pro-inflammatory substances,' in an area of the brain that plays a role in pain receptors and headaches. Therefore, boosting fiber may help. Brown rice, bananas, and dark leafy greens Research published in 2021 found that people who experienced migraines weren't getting enough magnesium, 'a mineral that plays a role in muscle and nerve function,' explains Farrell. The study authors noted that magnesium's association with serotonin (a chemical that carries messages between nerve cells in the brain and body) may aid in migraine treatment. Other research found the nutrient to offer some relief in women with migraines. Many foods on this list contain magnesium, and some other honorable mentions are brown rice, bananas, and dark leafy greens. In fact, one study discovered improvement of migraines when participants followed a whole food, plant-based diet with emphasis on dark, leafy greens. Water, cucumber, and watermelon 'It is important to maintain adequate hydration throughout the course of the day as well,' says Dr. Gerhardstein. A 2020 study on 256 adult women who were 45 and younger found that drinking more water each day decreased both the severity and frequency of their migraines. 'Dehydration related to migraines can be overlooked as a trigger and can make headaches worse,' adds Farrell. If you struggle to drink enough water, you can eat hydrating fruits and vegetables like cucumber and watermelon to help support fluid balance and retention, she says. Foods to avoid if you get migraines 'Avoiding or limiting certain foods may be important for a subset of people with migraines, but there is inconsistent scientific evidence that certain foods are migraine triggers,' says Dr. Gerhardstein. With that said, 'the most commonly cited triggering foods include alcohol and chocolate,' he adds. 'Other possible triggers include cheese, yogurt, meats containing sulfites (like salami, ham, sausage, and bacon), soy products, certain vegetables (like tomatoes and onions), as well as foods containing aspartame sweetener, MSG, or caffeine.' Again, it's important to note that there is a lack of consistency among research on all of these potential triggers. 'So, this means that there is no particular food that should be avoided for all migraine sufferers,' says Dr. Gerhardstein. 'In fact, avoiding certain foods for fear of migraine attacks may actually cause more health concerns, stress, or social anxiety.' Caffeine and migraines As Dr. Gerhardstein mentioned, caffeine is often cited as a migraine trigger ingredient by his patients. However, it's worth mentioning that the stimulant is an active ingredient in multiple over-the-counter headache medications, including Excedrin. Also, some research has found caffeine to effectively relieve acute headache pain, but notes that further investigation into the link between the two is warranted to fully understand caffeine's potential impact. Therefore, consult your physician if you believe caffeine may help or hinder your migraine symptoms. Migraine diet A generally accepted migraine diet would simply be a healthy, balanced diet that prioritizes whole, fresh foods, says Dr. Gerhardstein. 'More studies are needed to discern if there is indeed a scientific basis for specific food triggers in migraines,' he concludes. You Might Also Like Can Apple Cider Vinegar Lead to Weight Loss? Bobbi Brown Shares Her Top Face-Transforming Makeup Tips for Women Over 50
The Sun
3 days ago
- Health
- The Sun
My husband of 5 months went to bed with a headache and woke up having a seizure – doctors gave him 5% chance of living
CAMI and Jake Bartel had been married just five months when their world was turned upside down. Just before bed one night in 2019, Jake, then 27, complained of a headache, nothing Cami, 23 at the time, thought much of. 8 8 8 The couple went to sleep as normal at their home in Chicago, and both hoped it would pass by morning. But at 4am on October 1, Cami woke to find Jake having a seizure right beside her in bed. 'I called 911 immediately. It was surreal, almost like watching someone else's life unravel,' said Cami, now 28. 'One moment we were planning our future, and the next I was rushing my 27-year-old husband to hospital without knowing if he'd survive.' What started as a simple headache had spiralled into a full-blown medical emergency overnight. By the time Jake was admitted, doctors were completely baffled. 'He didn't just have a seizure,' said Cami. 'There was also swelling on his brain, and that really scared everyone.' Medics initially suspected a severe viral or bacterial infection and ran urgent tests for everything from meningitis to West Nile virus. 'They told me they were checking for all kinds of infections,' she said. 'But every single test came back negative. It was like watching them search in the dark while Jake got worse.' With no clear answers and Jake's condition deteriorating rapidly, doctors prepared Cami for the worst. 'That's when they gave me the five per cent survival rate,' she says. 'They assumed it had to be some virus they just couldn't identify, but they weren't even considering anything beyond that. 'I was 22, sitting there, trying to process that my husband, who had been healthy just hours earlier, might not make it through the night.' But Jake, now 32, defied the odds and was discharged from hospital just two weeks later. However, the nightmare was far from over, as no one could explain what had happened or why. 8 8 'We went home with no diagnosis, just this overwhelming sense of fear mixed with relief,' said Cami. During the hospital stay, one resident doctor had mentioned MELAS, a rare mitochondrial disorder that usually appears in childhood. At 27, Jake didn't fit the profile so most doctors brushed it off, but the couple agreed to genetic testing, just in case. Then, at the end of 2019, they got the call that would change everything: Jake tested positive for MELAS - Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes. 'It felt like someone had pulled the rug from under our lives,' Cami said. 'We had no idea what MELAS even was, and suddenly it became the defining factor in every decision we made.' MELAS is a rare, incurable genetic disorder that affects the mitochondria, organelles responsible for producing energy in the cells. Loss of youth For Jake, a large portion of those mitochondria simply don't work. 'It means his body can't generate enough energy,' Cami said. 'He can look fine on the outside, but inside his cells are starving.' The diagnosis forced them to overhaul every part of their life. Jake had to leave his position as an attorney and wine date nights stopped. He began a strict low-stress lifestyle, new medications, and a specialist diet to avoid triggering further episodes. 'We were in our 20s, and suddenly everything was about survival,' said Cami. 'The hardest part wasn't just the physical toll, it was the loss of that youthful certainty. 'That sense that the future was ours.' Looking back, Cami believes that moment reflects a wider issue. 'Mitochondrial diseases like MELAS are so often overlooked, especially in adults. "If that one resident hadn't mentioned it weeks later, we might never have found out.' 'They were convinced it was some unknown infection they couldn't identify,' said Cami. 'Mitochondrial disease wasn't even on their radar," she added. 8 8 The experience highlighted just how easily rare conditions like MELAS are missed or misdiagnosed, especially in adults. In January and February 2020, Jake was back in hospital with stroke-like episodes, a common but terrifying complication of MELAS. 'Each time, I wondered if this would be the one that takes something from us permanently,' said Cami. But Jake never gave up. In 2021, he returned to university and earned a master's degree in education. They moved to Arizona, and he started working as a teacher. 'Starting all over again' For the first time since his diagnosis, it felt like things were settling. Then, in October 2022, they bought their first home. 'We were so proud,' Cami recalled. 'It felt like we were building something solid again.' But just one week after moving in, Jake suffered a major stroke that impaired his speech. 'I can't put into words what it's like to watch the person you love struggle to speak,' she says. 'I knew he was still Jake, but I also knew we were starting all over again.' It took Jake two years of recovery and rehabilitation to regain his speech and strength. Today he's back working as an attorney, and he and Cami now share their story on TikTok to raise awareness of MELAS and support others navigating chronic illness. Their TikTok page, has become a place of education, vulnerability, and hope. In one emotional clip, Jake thanked viewers for their support. 'We didn't expect this kind of response, and we're genuinely grateful,' he said. 'It's been incredibly hard to come to terms with having MELAS. Every day is a balancing act, managing my health while trying to live a full life.' What is MELAS syndrome? MELAS syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects how the body produces energy. The name stands for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. It's caused by faults in mitochondrial DNA, the tiny energy factories inside cells, which are passed down from the mother. The condition can lead to stroke-like episodes, seizures, memory loss, dementia, muscle weakness, hearing loss, and short stature. Symptoms often appear after normal early childhood development and can also include frequent headaches, learning difficulties, and nerve damage. Doctors usually diagnose MELAS using brain scans that show unusual stroke-like damage, blood tests revealing high lactic acid levels, and muscle biopsies showing signs called 'ragged red fibers.' There's no cure, but treatment helps manage individual symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment varies between people depending on what their symptoms are. Source: National Orgainsation for Rare Disorders 'You never know what's coming next' The couple frequently answer questions from followers, especially about MELAS being hereditary. 'It is maternally inherited,' says Cami explained. 'But we've been told any children we may have won't be affected.' More than anything, Cami and Jake want others in similar situations, particularly young couples, to know they're not alone. 'If your partner has a medical condition, you learn quickly that love is more than romance," she said. "It's about being in the trenches together." "Love so hard," she added. "Never go to bed angry. Be grateful, even on the hard days. Because you never know what's coming next.' 8
CNET
7 days ago
- Health
- CNET
Food as Medicine: Try Eating These Foods Next Time You Have a Headache
If you're looking for something other than aspirin to relieve a headache, experts say you should consider what's on your plate. Though eating certain foods isn't a miracle cure for migraines or headaches, it can help alongside hydration, exercise, sleep and stress management. "The most important thing I tell patients is that migraines are highly individualized," says Dr. Nicholas Church, a board-certified member of the American Board of Family Medicine and the American Academy of Family Physicians. "What helps one person may not help another, and what's a trigger for one might be therapeutic for someone else." To determine which foods may potentially help with migraine and headache symptoms, we sought expert advice from several doctors and dietitians. 1. Omega-3-rich foods "I recommend omega-3-rich fish, such as salmon, mackerel and sardines," says Church. "These fish are high in anti-inflammatory fats (EPA and DHA), which can reduce inflammation throughout the body, including in the vascular system and brain." Citing a 2021 randomized controlled trial, Church explains that because migraines are believed to involve inflammatory and vascular changes in the body, omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce their frequency or intensity when eaten regularly. "The study's findings also align with earlier data showing that omega-3s help regulate prostaglandins, which play a role in headache inflammation," says Church. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that impact bodily functions like inflammation, pain and menstrual cramps. Fatty fish also contain vitamin D, coenzyme Q10 and B vitamins like riboflavin, which support healthy brain metabolism. Kiran Campbell, a registered dietitian nutritionist at MyNetDiary, also mentions a 2024 meta-analysis revealing that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the frequency, duration and severity of migraines. She adds that plant-based sources include chia seeds, walnuts, flaxseed and algae oil. Example foods: salmon, mackerel, sardines, chia seeds, walnuts, flaxseed and algae oil Chia and flax seeds are great sources of omega-3s. mikroman6/Getty Images 2. Magnesium-rich foods Daniel Redwood, the director of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine at the University of Western States, explains, "Attention to the potential importance of magnesium in migraine grew in prominence with the discovery (Ramadan, 1989) that people with migraines had lower levels of this mineral in their red blood cells, serum and brain tissue." Dr. Paul Daidone, medical director at True Self Recovery, seconds this, stating that food rich in magnesium -- like pumpkin seeds, spinach and avocado -- may reduce the severity and occurrence of migraines. He cites a 2022 study examining the potential connection between magnesium deficiency and migraine, which describes how magnesium deficiency is implicated in migraine attacks due to processes like cortical spreading depression, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter imbalance and electrolyte imbalance. "Although clinical evidence of the acute dietary magnesium deficiency as a direct migraine trigger remains limited, scientists are investigating the involvement of intra- and extracellular magnesium levels in migraine pathogenesis," Daidone explains. Dr. Schonze Del Pozo, a board-certified internal medicine physician and medical director at East Sacramento Concierge, states that many of the patients she sees for headaches and migraines are deficient in magnesium. She also cites a 2012 study in the Journal of Neural Transmission entitled "Why all migraine patients should be treated with magnesium." As a result, she recommends a healthy diet of magnesium-rich dark leafy greens like spinach, kale, broccoli and Swiss chard. Example foods: pumpkin seeds, spinach and avocado, kale, broccoli and Swiss chard 3. Ginger "Many swear by ginger as a way to help with migraines," states Dr. Maria Knöbel, a general practitioner and medical director of Medical Cert UK. "Studies have proven that ginger reduces nausea and can decrease the inflammation that leads to migraine pain. Ginger has helped patients during my practice, whether they take it as ginger tea or in supplement form." She references a 2014 study that found ginger powder to be as effective as the medication sumatriptan in treating acute migraine attacks, but with fewer side effects. Ginger tea may be especially beneficial because, Knöbel states, "It's important to drink enough water, as well as eat ginger. Drinking enough water might stop your migraine from getting any worse." Church also recommends ginger because it contains natural anti-inflammatory compounds like gingerol. "I've had patients find relief from migraines or migraine-related nausea using ginger tea, powder or chews," he explains. A 2019 study also found that 400mg of ginger extract, in addition to 100mg of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen, may help treat migraine attacks. Ginger tea combines the benefits of ginger with the hydration of water.4. Nuts and seeds "Another group of foods I recommend are nuts and seeds, including almonds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and walnuts," Church states. "Like leafy greens, these are rich in magnesium, and some also provide vitamin E, which has been shown to help with menstrual migraines and migraines with aura." A 2015 study reflected this. Example foods: almonds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and walnuts 5. Cinnamon "Cinnamon contains a high amount of antioxidants that may also reduce headache frequency," Campbell explains. "Stir it into your morning oatmeal or tea, or bake it into muffins and breads." She cites a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled 2020 trial, stating, "Studies suggest that cinnamon supplementation may lower inflammation, cutting down on migraine frequency, severity and duration." The antioxidants in cinnamon may help treat headaches and migraines. FreshSplash/Getty Images 6. Foods rich in vitamin B2 "A well-known [1998] randomized controlled trial found that 400 mg of riboflavin daily significantly reduced migraine frequency and severity over a three-month period," Church says. Though this high dose usually comes from supplementation, riboflavin-rich foods support the same metabolic processes in migraine prevention. These foods can include eggs, dairy and lean meats. "Riboflavin is essential for mitochondrial energy production, and many researchers believe that migraines stem in part from dysfunction in energy metabolism within brain cells," Church adds. Redwood adds, "There exists a small but promising body of research on the effectiveness of some nutritional supplements for migraines, especially riboflavin (vitamin B2), coenzyme Q10 and magnesium. The first research-based indicator of riboflavin's potential as a migraine treatment appeared in a small 1946 article by a medical physician, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, which reported dramatic effectiveness from what would now be considered low-dose B2 supplements." A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis found that supplementation of 400mg/day of vitamin B2 for three months affected the duration, frequency and pain score of migraine attacks. Example foods: Eggs, dairy and lean meats 7. Turmeric Curcumin is the active compound in turmeric and, according to Campbell, is "high in antioxidant power and shines especially when paired with omega-3s." To add it to your diet, consider sprinkling it into smoothies, curries or teas. Campbell references a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled 2021 trial that concluded, "Present findings revealed that n-3 fatty acids and curcumin co-supplementation can be suggested as a promising new approach in migraine headache management." However, more studies are needed. When combined with omega-3s, turmeric may help with migraine headache management. Rawlstock/Getty Images 8. Whole grains Church mentions that whole grains like quinoa, brown rice and oats may also be beneficial since they "provide a steady release of glucose, preventing blood sugar crashes that can trigger headaches, and are good sources of fiber, B vitamins and trace minerals." He cites a 2023 cross-sectional study of 12,710 participants with all data collected from a 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. It found that for every 10 grams of fiber added to the diet, there was an 11% reduction in the odds of having severe headaches or migraines. "By providing magnesium, iron, and B vitamins, whole grains support brain health, oxygen delivery and a stable glucose supply, which are all relevant to migraine prevention," concludes Church. A 2023 comprehensive review also found that curcumin is a promising candidate for preventing and controlling migraines due to its anti‑inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-protein aggregate and analgesic effects. However, additional studies are needed. Example foods: quinoa, brown rice and oats 9. Water-rich foods Dr. Kimberly Idoko, a developmental neurobiologist and board-certified neurologist, reveals that dehydration can also trigger headaches, which is why staying hydrated can significantly improve migraine treatments. "Water-rich foods like cucumber, watermelon and citrus fruits also help you stay hydrated," adds Church. To prevent dehydration-caused headaches or migraines, enjoy more water-rich foods like watermelon. Anucha Muphasa/500px/Getty Images Foods that may trigger headaches or migraines Chocolate, cheese and alcohol: "In one [2007] study of over 500 migraine sufferers, 44% reported at least one food as a trigger. Among the most common triggers were chocolate, cheese and alcohol, " reveals Dr. Adam Lowenstein, a board-certified plastic surgeon who runs the Migraine Surgery Specialty Center. Gluten: "Gluten can be a highly inflammatory food substance, especially among those who are prone to sensitivities or gluten allergy," explains Trista Best, a registered dietitian at The Candida Diet, environmental health specialist and adjunct nutrition professor. "This inflammation causes a host of health conditions, including migraines." When it comes to caffeine, moderation is "The most fascinating study I've seen on the role of nutrition in the treatment of headaches (Hering-Hanit and Gadoth, 2003) was published in Cephalalgia, the premier headache journal. Over a 5-year period, doctors at a neurology clinic in Israel treated 36 children and adolescents (average age 9) with severe daily or near-daily headaches who drank an average of 11 quarts of cola drinks per week," says Redwood. "At the end of a gradual withdrawal period (because too speedy a withdrawal can trigger even worse headaches), 33 of these 36 young people were headache-free, a truly stunning result. Nearly all cola drinks contain substantial amounts of caffeine (Chou and Bell, 2007)." Note: 11 quarts of cola per week is extreme, and the average person doesn't consume this much caffeine. Moderate caffeine intake is still OK, according to Amelia Ti, a registered dietitian and diabetes educator in New York City who is also part of CNET's medical review board. However, when it comes to caffeine, Church notes, "Caffeine, used strategically, can enhance the absorption of pain relievers and constrict dilated blood vessels in the brain, which may ease migraine pain. This is why many over-the-counter headache medications include it. Studies have shown that 40–100 mg of caffeine (the amount in a small cup of coffee or strong tea) can reduce migraine or tension headache pain. But, chronic overuse can lead to rebound headaches, so moderation is key." Added sugars and highly processed foods: "Research has shown that people following a 'Western' diet, which includes substantial amounts of added sugars and other highly processed foods, are at greater than average risk for developing migraines, while the risk is significantly lower than average for those following a healthier diet," states Redwood. download (1) Dr. Joseph Mercola, a board-certified family physician and author of Your Guide to Cellular Health, adds that in addition to incorporating foods rich in specific nutrients like magnesium and B vitamins, you'll want to eliminate triggers like processed foods that contain nitrates, MSG, added sugars or yeast.
Telegraph
16-07-2025
- Health
- Telegraph
What your headache is trying to tell you
How often do you feel the ominous sensation of a headache coming on? From a mild twinge after staring at a screen for too long, to a severe throb which makes work impossible, more than half the world's population has suffered from some form of 'headache disorder' recently, according to the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. But despite their prevalence, most of us never question what they might mean for our overall health. 'The vast majority are primary headaches, which means they don't have an external cause, such as viral meningitis or a head injury,' says Peter Goadsby, a professor of neurology at King's College London. 'The tendency to experience primary headache disorders is inherited, and then things in life will amplify it.' Overall, there are more than 100 different clinical categories of headaches, ranging from those that can be tackled with paracetamol to frequent, seriously debilitating ones. Here is a guide to some of the most common headaches and their causes, as well as ways of preventing and treating them. Around 10 million adults in Britain suffer from migraines, which costs the country approximately £2.3 billion every year in lost working days. They are characterised as a severe throbbing headache on one side of the head, which lasts between four and 72 hours and can be accompanied by blurred vision, nausea and acute sensitivity to sight and sound. The most common trigger for migraines is variation, according to Prof Goadsby. 'Changing sleeping habits – getting too much or too little – skipping meals, suddenly starting to do overly extreme exercise, stress, drinking too much alcohol and a change in weather can all trigger a migraine,' he says. It's rare to have one reliable trigger; for most people, it's caused by a number of factors coming together. And Prof Goadsby points out that some of what people assume are triggers – bright light, for example – are part of the initial stage of the migraine itself, before the headache hits. Migraines are under-diagnosed and under-treated, says Dr Ben Turner, a consultant neurologist at London Bridge Hospital. 'There's a tendency to think a headache is only a migraine if there's visual disturbance, when this only happens to 20 per cent of people,' he says. How to treat them Migraines are ' highly treatable, so if your GP hasn't been able to help, seek a referral to a specialist and you're likely to find you've been suffering unnecessarily for years,' says Dr Turner. Triptans have long been used for migraine attacks, but recently a new class of drugs called gepants have become available, which are more effective, broadly tolerated and can be used to prevent as well as treat migraines. The most excruciating form of headache, confined to one side of the head, cluster headaches last for an hour or two, often waking sufferers in the night. They are rare, and those affected – most commonly men – have rated the pain at 9.7 out of 10 – worse than childbirth at 7.2, a gunshot wound at 6 and a migraine at 5.4. They will usually become agitated and feel the need to move around, rocking and possibly hitting their head. 'It will happen every day, once or twice a day, for six to eight weeks at a time,' says Prof Goadsby. The exact cause is unknown, but these headaches affect an area of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a tiny region in the hypothalamus which acts as the body's central circadian pacemaker, regulating daily rhythms including the sleep-wake cycle. This may explain why cluster headaches tend to appear at the same time each day, and even occur at the same time each year. 'Peak times [for cluster headaches] tend to be spring and autumn, and in between, it's completely turned off,' says Prof Goadbsy. How to treat them Cluster headaches are sometimes misdiagnosed as dental pain or acute allergies because of symptoms including a watery eye and a stuffy nose on the painful side. They require specialist treatments to relieve the pain, such as oxygen therapy, sumatriptan injections or nasal spray. The drug verapamil, taken as a tablet several times a day, is the main treatment for prevention, but it can cause heart problems in some people. The most common type of headache, tension headaches cause a steady, mild to moderate ache that can feel like a tight band or pressure around the head, and can usually be alleviated with aspirin, paracetamol or ibuprofen. Unlike migraines, they do not cause nausea, vomiting or sensitivity to light and sound. Often caused by poor posture and stiffness in the neck muscles, or eye strain, they can also be an indication of dehydration, lack of sleep, emotional stress, or too much caffeine. How to treat them Tension-type headaches – their official term – usually get better when someone moves around, particularly outdoors, so factoring in plenty of screen breaks is crucial. Gentle stretches, massages and heat on sore muscles can also be beneficial. Prof Goadsby warns that if you're regularly getting headaches after staring at a screen for extended periods, there could be another underlying cause. 'A good starting point would be to get your eyes checked by an optician, but for most people in this situation, it's not a tension-type headache but migraine.' A sinus headache is a symptom of a sinus infection (sinusitis), where the lining of the sinuses becomes inflamed and swollen, causing congestion and a dull pain behind the eyes, in the cheekbones, forehead or bridge of the nose. Research has shown that between 50 and 80 per cent of cases labelled as sinus headaches are actually misdiagnosed migraines. Dr Taylor says neurologists often see patients in this situation. 'Unless there's significant nasal congestion and discharge, it isn't sinusitis,' he says. 'We see GPs prescribing antibiotics to clear an infection, but if the problem is really migraine, they won't have any effect.' How to treat them Usually the infection clears in seven to 10 days, and using over-the-counter painkillers such as Sudafed can help manage the pain. The vast majority of us will experience a dehydration headache at some point if we've been too busy to ensure we drink enough water. But why does dehydration manifest as a headache? The hypothalamus in the brain acts as a control centre, regulating bodily functions such as body temperature, hunger and thirst. If we become dehydrated, 'this area of the brain will be overstimulated,' says Prof Goadsby. 'In those who are susceptible, it can trigger migraine.' How to treat them Drinking 2-2½ litres of fluid a day (around six to eight glasses) is essential to keep headaches at bay. Drinking too much caffeine can cause headaches for some people, but conversely, if you are a regular tea or coffee drinker, suddenly reducing your intake can also trigger them. Caffeine's stimulating effects are exerted primarily by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain. Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that promotes sleepiness and relaxation by slowing down nerve cell activity. 'When you withdraw caffeine, you get a headache from the sudden increase in adenosine activity,' says Prof Goadsby. How to treat them Over-the-counter pain relief should help, but don't use it too often. 'If you're taking painkillers more than three days a week, it will give you a headache,' says Dr Taylor. Research shows that medication overuse can turn episodic headaches into chronic headache disorders, increasing their frequency and intensity. Ophthalmodynia periodica, or ice-pick headache, is characterised by sudden, sharp stabbing pains behind the eyes which last for a few seconds at a time and can spread to the rest of your head. 'It comes from nowhere, and you can't stop it,' says Prof Goadsby. The exact causes are unknown, though a 2017 study found that these types of headaches are more common in women, and tend to affect people who usually suffer from migraines or cluster headaches. 'Around a third of migraine sufferers experience this kind of headache,' Prof Goadbsy adds. How to treat them 'You just need to pause, let it play out and it will pass,' says Prof Goadsby. If they are happening frequently (over several consecutive days) and having a debilitating impact, seeing a doctor to rule out an underlying cause is a must. Can headaches be hormonal? Migraines disproportionately affect women – 20.7 per cent globally compared with 9.7 per cent of men, according to one 2022 review of research. For women aged 18 to 49, migraine is the leading cause of disability throughout the world. This is believed to be a result of hormonal fluctuations, particularly oestrogen, with migraines often most commonly occurring during a woman's reproductive and childbearing years. Researchers estimate around 50 to 60 per cent of women with migraines experience menstrual migraines, occurring in the days leading up to menstruation, when oestrogen drops. 'It peaks at around the age of 40 for women, and if you begin to experience migraines around this time, it's often the first sign of the hormonal fluctuations which come with perimenopause,' says Prof Goadsby. 'After menopause, women have a four-out-of-five chance of migraines going away completely.' If headaches are debilitating during perimenopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can lessen their frequency and severity in some women. In others, it can worsen them, so speak to your GP about options. How can you prevent headaches? Many types of headaches can be prevented or at least reduced in frequency or severity. Proven prevention strategies include: Drinking enough water Keeping a consistent sleep and eating schedule Exercising regularly Managing stress Eating a healthy diet Supplementing with magnesium and vitamin B2 Lifestyle changes, including maintaining a consistent sleep and eating schedule, drinking enough water and taking regular moderate exercise, are the simplest and most effective place to start. Relaxing after stress is a known trigger, which explains why some people wake up after a lie-in on a Saturday with a pounding headache. This is because, as your levels of stress hormones drop, there is a rapid release of neurotransmitters which send out impulses to blood vessels to constrict then dilate, which causes a headache. Prof Goadsby says: 'It may sound slightly hair shirt, but it's better to resist the temptation to lie in and get up at the same time every day.' Managing stress throughout the week is vital, too. Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation or even a 10-minute walk around the block during a lunch break can help prevent stress levels climbing too high. Eating a healthy diet is also likely to help. Keeping blood sugar levels steady by avoiding too many refined white carbohydrates and replacing them with fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans and wholegrains is sensible. It's often believed chocolate is a trigger, but according to Prof Goadsby: 'Research indicates that during the 'premonitory' early phase of a migraine, people may crave certain foods. So rather than triggering the migraine, reaching for a chocolate bar could be a warning that a migraine is starting.' A 2025 review of research concluded that taking magnesium is effective in reducing migraine attack frequency and severity. Taking 400mg per day of riboflavin, or vitamin B2 supplements, for at least three months has also been shown to have a similarly positive effect.
CNET
15-07-2025
- Health
- CNET
If You Have a Headache, Experts Recommend Eating These 9 Foods
Next time you have a headache, consider looking in your fridge or pantry for relief. Though they're not miracle cures, several foods may provide relief next time you have a headache or migraine, in addition to maintaining your hydration, exercise routine, sleep and managing stress. "The most important thing I tell patients is that migraines are highly individualized," says Dr. Nicholas Church, a board-certified member of the American Board of Family Medicine and the American Academy of Family Physicians. "What helps one person may not help another, and what's a trigger for one might be therapeutic for someone else." We spoke with doctors and dietitians to help you narrow down which foods may help with headache symptoms. They also discussed which foods to avoid to prevent headaches in the first place. 1. Omega-3-rich foods like walnuts "I recommend omega-3-rich fish, such as salmon, mackerel and sardines," says Church. "These fish are high in anti-inflammatory fats (EPA and DHA), which can reduce inflammation throughout the body, including in the vascular system and brain." Citing a 2021 randomized controlled trial, Church explains that because migraines are believed to involve inflammatory and vascular changes in the body, omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce their frequency or intensity when eaten regularly. "The study's findings also align with earlier data showing that omega-3s help regulate prostaglandins, which play a role in headache inflammation," says Church. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that impact bodily functions like inflammation, pain and menstrual cramps. Fatty fish also contain vitamin D, coenzyme Q10 and B vitamins like riboflavin, which support healthy brain metabolism. Kiran Campbell, a registered dietitian nutritionist at MyNetDiary, also mentions a 2024 meta-analysis revealing that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the frequency, duration and severity of migraines. She adds that plant-based sources include chia seeds, walnuts, flaxseed and algae oil. Example foods: salmon, mackerel, sardines, chia seeds, walnuts, flaxseed and algae oil Chia and flax seeds are great sources of omega-3s. mikroman6/Getty Images 2. Magnesium-rich foods like spinach Daniel Redwood, the director of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine at the University of Western States, explains, "Attention to the potential importance of magnesium in migraine grew in prominence with the discovery (Ramadan, 1989) that people with migraines had lower levels of this mineral in their red blood cells, serum and brain tissue." Dr. Paul Daidone, medical director at True Self Recovery, seconds this, stating that food rich in magnesium -- like pumpkin seeds, spinach and avocado -- may reduce the severity and occurrence of migraines. He cites a 2022 study examining the potential connection between magnesium deficiency and migraine, which describes how magnesium deficiency is implicated in migraine attacks due to processes like cortical spreading depression, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter imbalance and electrolyte imbalance. "Although clinical evidence of the acute dietary magnesium deficiency as a direct migraine trigger remains limited, scientists are investigating the involvement of intra- and extracellular magnesium levels in migraine pathogenesis," Daidone explains. Dr. Schonze Del Pozo, a board-certified internal medicine physician and medical director at East Sacramento Concierge, states that many of the patients she sees for headaches and migraines are deficient in magnesium. She also cites a 2012 study in the Journal of Neural Transmission entitled "Why all migraine patients should be treated with magnesium." As a result, she recommends a healthy diet of magnesium-rich dark leafy greens like spinach, kale, broccoli and Swiss chard. Example foods: pumpkin seeds, spinach and avocado, kale, broccoli and Swiss chard 3. Ginger "Many swear by ginger as a way to help with migraines," states Dr. Maria Knöbel, a general practitioner and medical director of Medical Cert UK. "Studies have proven that ginger reduces nausea and can decrease the inflammation that leads to migraine pain. Ginger has helped patients during my practice, whether they take it as ginger tea or in supplement form." She references a 2014 study that found ginger powder to be as effective as the medication sumatriptan in treating acute migraine attacks, but with fewer side effects. Ginger tea may be especially beneficial because, Knöbel states, "It's important to drink enough water, as well as eat ginger. Drinking enough water might stop your migraine from getting any worse." Church also recommends ginger because it contains natural anti-inflammatory compounds like gingerol. "I've had patients find relief from migraines or migraine-related nausea using ginger tea, powder or chews," he explains. A 2019 study also found that 400mg of ginger extract, in addition to 100mg of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen, may help treat migraine attacks. Ginger tea combines the benefits of ginger with the hydration of water.4. Nuts and seeds like pumpkin seeds "Another group of foods I recommend are nuts and seeds, including almonds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and walnuts," Church states. "Like leafy greens, these are rich in magnesium, and some also provide vitamin E, which has been shown to help with menstrual migraines and migraines with aura." A 2015 study reflected this. Example foods: almonds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and walnuts 5. Cinnamon "Cinnamon contains a high amount of antioxidants that may also reduce headache frequency," Campbell explains. "Stir it into your morning oatmeal or tea, or bake it into muffins and breads." She cites a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled 2020 trial, stating, "Studies suggest that cinnamon supplementation may lower inflammation, cutting down on migraine frequency, severity and duration." The antioxidants in cinnamon may help treat headaches and migraines. FreshSplash/Getty Images 6. Foods rich in vitamin B2, like eggs "A well-known [1998] randomized controlled trial found that 400 mg of riboflavin daily significantly reduced migraine frequency and severity over a three-month period," Church says. Though this high dose usually comes from supplementation, riboflavin-rich foods support the same metabolic processes in migraine prevention. These foods can include eggs, dairy and lean meats. "Riboflavin is essential for mitochondrial energy production, and many researchers believe that migraines stem in part from dysfunction in energy metabolism within brain cells," Church adds. Redwood adds, "There exists a small but promising body of research on the effectiveness of some nutritional supplements for migraines, especially riboflavin (vitamin B2), coenzyme Q10 and magnesium. The first research-based indicator of riboflavin's potential as a migraine treatment appeared in a small 1946 article by a medical physician, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, which reported dramatic effectiveness from what would now be considered low-dose B2 supplements." A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis found that supplementation of 400mg/day of vitamin B2 for three months affected the duration, frequency and pain score of migraine attacks. Example foods: Eggs, dairy and lean meats 7. Turmeric Curcumin is the active compound in turmeric and, according to Campbell, is "high in antioxidant power and shines especially when paired with omega-3s." To add it to your diet, consider sprinkling it into smoothies, curries or teas. Campbell references a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled 2021 trial that concluded, "Present findings revealed that n-3 fatty acids and curcumin co-supplementation can be suggested as a promising new approach in migraine headache management." However, more studies are needed. When combined with omega-3s, turmeric may help with migraine headache management. Rawlstock/Getty Images 8. Whole grains like brown rice Church mentions that whole grains like quinoa, brown rice and oats may also be beneficial since they "provide a steady release of glucose, preventing blood sugar crashes that can trigger headaches, and are good sources of fiber, B vitamins and trace minerals." He cites a 2023 cross-sectional study of 12,710 participants with all data collected from a 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. It found that for every 10 grams of fiber added to the diet, there was an 11% reduction in the odds of having severe headaches or migraines. "By providing magnesium, iron, and B vitamins, whole grains support brain health, oxygen delivery and a stable glucose supply, which are all relevant to migraine prevention," concludes Church. A 2023 comprehensive review also found that curcumin is a promising candidate for preventing and controlling migraines due to its anti‑inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-protein aggregate and analgesic effects. However, additional studies are needed. Example foods: quinoa, brown rice and oats 9. Water-rich foods like watermelon Dr. Kimberly Idoko, a developmental neurobiologist and board-certified neurologist, reveals that dehydration can also trigger headaches, which is why staying hydrated can significantly improve migraine treatments. "Water-rich foods like cucumber, watermelon and citrus fruits also help you stay hydrated," adds Church. To prevent dehydration-caused headaches or migraines, enjoy more water-rich foods like watermelon. Anucha Muphasa/500px/Getty Images Foods that may trigger headaches or migraines Chocolate, cheese and alcohol: "In one [2007] study of over 500 migraine sufferers, 44% reported at least one food as a trigger. Among the most common triggers were chocolate, cheese and alcohol, " reveals Dr. Adam Lowenstein, a board-certified plastic surgeon who runs the Migraine Surgery Specialty Center. Gluten: "Gluten can be a highly inflammatory food substance, especially among those who are prone to sensitivities or gluten allergy," explains Trista Best, a registered dietitian at The Candida Diet, environmental health specialist and adjunct nutrition professor. "This inflammation causes a host of health conditions, including migraines." When it comes to caffeine, moderation is "The most fascinating study I've seen on the role of nutrition in the treatment of headaches (Hering-Hanit and Gadoth, 2003) was published in Cephalalgia, the premier headache journal. Over a 5-year period, doctors at a neurology clinic in Israel treated 36 children and adolescents (average age 9) with severe daily or near-daily headaches who drank an average of 11 quarts of cola drinks per week," says Redwood. "At the end of a gradual withdrawal period (because too speedy a withdrawal can trigger even worse headaches), 33 of these 36 young people were headache-free, a truly stunning result. Nearly all cola drinks contain substantial amounts of caffeine (Chou and Bell, 2007)." Note: 11 quarts of cola per week is extreme, and the average person doesn't consume this much caffeine. Moderate caffeine intake is still OK, according to Amelia Ti, a registered dietitian and diabetes educator in New York City who is also part of CNET's medical review board. However, when it comes to caffeine, Church notes, "Caffeine, used strategically, can enhance the absorption of pain relievers and constrict dilated blood vessels in the brain, which may ease migraine pain. This is why many over-the-counter headache medications include it. Studies have shown that 40–100 mg of caffeine (the amount in a small cup of coffee or strong tea) can reduce migraine or tension headache pain. But, chronic overuse can lead to rebound headaches, so moderation is key." Added sugars and highly processed foods: "Research has shown that people following a 'Western' diet, which includes substantial amounts of added sugars and other highly processed foods, are at greater than average risk for developing migraines, while the risk is significantly lower than average for those following a healthier diet," states Redwood. download (1) Dr. Joseph Mercola, a board-certified family physician and author of Your Guide to Cellular Health , adds that in addition to incorporating foods rich in specific nutrients like magnesium and B vitamins, you'll want to eliminate triggers like processed foods that contain nitrates, MSG, added sugars or yeast.
