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Forbes
a day ago
- Business
- Forbes
The World's Best Single Malt Whisky, According To BevTest
Yuanshan, Republic of China - October 2, 2023: Oak casks of maturing single malt whisky at the Kavalan Whisky Distillery. getty In recent years, the global whisky scene has been reshaped by the rise of new producers from unexpected corners of the world. Nowhere is this more evident than in Asia, where countries like Taiwan, India, and Japan have rapidly emerged as serious competitors to traditional whisky powerhouses. The 2025 Beverage Testing Institute (BevTest) World Whisky Judging offered a striking example of this trend. Asian whiskies, particularly from Taiwan's Kavalan distillery, dominated the competition, earning the majority of top medals. The awards also highlighted surprising gold medal winners from non-traditional whisky-producing nations, such as France and Indonesia, underscoring the evolving, increasingly diverse nature of global whisky excellence. Kavalan swept all three of the Platinum medals and 24 of the 26 gold medals. Many of the winners were from Kavalan's Solist Series. The Kavalan distillery was founded in 2005 in Yilan County, Northeast Taiwan, by the King Car Group, a prominent Taiwanese conglomerate. Although Taiwan has no history of local whisky production, the distillery quickly emerged as an innovator, known for pushing boundaries and developing its unique stamp on whisky. Taiwan's hot, humid environment accelerates aging, creating richly matured whisky after just 4–8 years of barrel aging. On average, whisky in Taiwan matures at three times the speed it does in Scotland, and it loses a higher 'angel's share' to evaporation, typically 12%-15% annually. Rapid maturation can be tricky to manage, especially ensuring the whisky is balanced. Kavalan's Barrel rooms are carefully climate-managed to prevent over-aging. The tropical climate also accelerates cask finishing, allowing for greater extraction from barrels and a more flavorful whisky. Some of the whiskies in the Kavalan Solist range. Photo, courtesy Kavalan The Solist Series is Kavalan's crown jewel. Introduced in the late 2000s, this series helped catapult Kavalan onto the global whisky stage, showcasing the remarkable effects of Taiwan's subtropical climate and the distillery's innovative barrel management. The range is a collection of single cask, cask-strength, non-chill-filtered, non-colored single malt whiskies—each matured in a specific type of barrel to highlight a distinct flavor profile. All the whiskies are bottled at natural cask strength, typically 55–60% ABV. Each expression is sourced from a single barrel and individually numbered. The whiskies are not chill filtered, preserving all fatty acids and esters. The result is a range of whiskies offering exceptional complexity and intensity, providing a case study in how cask influence shapes whisky. Below is a brief description of some of the top-ranked Kavalan whiskies from the BevTest judging, as well as a summary of the aroma and taste profile of the Solist series. Kavalan Solist Brandy, 55.6% ABV, 750 ml. $229 This whisky is matured in ex-brandy casks, resulting in a rich, fruit-forward profile. It scored 98/100 points and earned a platinum medal. The whisky features aromas of candied apricot, caramel custard, brandied yellow plum, and toasted oak. It's silky and flavorful on the palate, showcasing flavors of raisin, orange zest, crème anglaise, and baking spice. The finish is long, smooth, and sweet, with lingering notes of brandy sweetness and grapefruit peel. Kavalan, Solist Fino Sherry, 59.4% ABV, 750 ml. $599 The whisky is matured in Fino Sherry butts. This expression offers a dry, oxidative Sherry character enhanced by accelerated tropical maturation. It scored 97/100 points and was awarded a platinum medal. It features aromas of almond, crusty bread, green apple, and honeycomb. It's dry and nutty on the palate, showcasing flavors of marzipan, green grape, and a touch of cooked cereal/malt sweetness. The finish is long and crisp, with lingering notes of almond and a saline aftertaste. Yilan, Taiwan - November 29, 2018: Kavalan Distillery Building. Kavalan Distillery is a Taiwanese whisky distillery. It is owned by the King Car Group and is located at Yuanshan Township. getty Kavalan, Solist Amontillado Sherry, 54.8% ABV, 750 ml. This whisky is matured in Amontillado sherry casks, striking a balance between the freshness of Fino and the richness of Oloroso. It scored 97/100 points and a platinum medal. The whisky features classic Amontillado aromas of toasted almond and hazelnut, along with notes of brown sugar, dried cranberry, fig jam, and subtle leather. It's dry and rich on the palate, showcasing flavors of dried fruit, cedarwood, toffee, and gentle spice. The finish is long and excellent with lingering notes of toasted nuts and seasoned oak. Kavalan 15-Year-Old Single Malt, 43% ABV, 750 ml. $149 The whisky is aged for 15 years in Taiwan's warm climate in a mix of ex-bourbon, Sherry, and both Ruby Port barrels and puncheons. It scored 95/100 points and a gold medal. It features tropical fruit notes of candied mango, melon, and sweet citrus, along with caramel, chocolate, and leather. It's robust and concentrated on the palate, showcasing flavors of honey, herbal notes of aged tobacco leaf, caramel, candied fruit, and wood spices. The finish is long and fruity, with lingering notes of tropical fruit, toffee, and seasoned oak. Kavalan, Solist PX Sherry, 56.3%, 750 ml. $699 This whisky is matured in Pedro Ximénez sherry casks. It offers a rich, indulgent, dessert-style whisky. The whisky scored 95/100 points and a gold medal. The whisky features aromas of toffee, fig jam, Christmas cake, and toasted almond. It's dense and syrupy on the palate, showcasing flavors of dark dried fruit, heavy caramel, and wood spices. The finish is thick, sweet, and powerful, with lingering notes of raisin and burnt sugar. Below is a summary of the other gold medal-winning soloist expressions. Some additional award-winning expressions in Kavalan's Solist Series. Chart, J Micallef These Kavalan whiskies all scored 94 points and were awarded gold medals: King Car Conductor Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Master's Select Reserve No.1 Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Oloroso Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Vinho Barrique Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Madeira Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Manzanilla Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, and Kavalan Solist Moscatel Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky. Scoring 93 points and also winning gold medals were: Kavalan Concertmaster Port Cask Finish Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Concertmaster Sherry Cask Finish Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Distillery Select No.1 Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Distillery Select No.2 Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Triple Sherry Cask Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Port Oak Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Lán Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Podium Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Ex-Bourbon Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Peated Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, Kavalan Solist Port Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, and Kavalan Solist Palo Cortado Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky. Also winning gold medals, scoring 91 points, were Kavalan Classic Single Malt Whisky and Kavalan Master's Select Reserve No.2 Single Malt Whisky. Kavalan Wine Oak Single Malt Whisky also scored 91 points and received a gold medal. Two other whisky expressions also earned gold medals. Hériose Le Classique Whisky, a French whisky, scored 93 points, and—perhaps most surprisingly—Keris Silver Single Malt Whisky, an Indonesian whisky, scored 91 points. The 2025 BevTest results reaffirm a continuing shift in the whisky world: excellence knows no borders. Kavalan's dominance, with its climate-driven maturation and experimental cask finishes, represents a new paradigm for what world-class whisky can look and taste like. The performance of unexpected medalists from France and Indonesia further emphasizes that innovation and craftsmanship are flourishing globally. Whether you're a collector, connoisseur, or curious newcomer, these award-winning whiskies are a testament to the boundless potential of modern whisky making—and they're well worth exploring. More From Forbes Forbes 2025's Best Single Malt Irish Whiskeys, According To BevTest By Joseph V Micallef Forbes India's Whisky Revolution: Rising Stars Of Single Malt By Joseph V Micallef Forbes The Top Single Malt Scotch Whisky, According To The International Wine And Spirit Competition By Joseph V Micallef
Forbes
17-07-2025
- Business
- Forbes
Indri: India's Bold New Voice In Premium Single Malt Whisky
INDRI's Trini is its flagship expression and one of India's leading whiskies. Photo J Micallef Indri is one of India's most exciting premium whiskies. The brand embodies the country's dynamic evolution from low-priced, mass-market whisky blends to internationally acclaimed single malts. Rooted in the rich alluvial plains of Haryana near the Himalayan foothills, Indri stands at the crossroads of ancient Indian agricultural heritage and modern whisky craft. Below is a brief overview of the brand, along with tasting notes on its whisky range. Indri is named for the village where the distillery is situated, located in Karnal district, Haryana, Northern India. This area, historically part of the fertile agricultural belt between Delhi and the Himalayas, offers a unique microclimate: hot summers that encourage rapid flavor extraction from oak, tempered by cooler winters. The brisk winds from the nearby mountains enhance the diurnal and seasonal temperature variations. This natural setting is critical to Indri's whisky identity. Unlike India's older single malt pioneers located in tropical Goa or Bangalore, Indri's northern terroir shapes a maturation profile that is robust yet balanced, yielding malts with rich fruit, layered oak, and spice, but with a structural elegance and finesse that surprises many drinkers expecting, unbalanced, rapid, heat-driven maturation. The still room at the Piccadily Distillery Photo, courtesy Indri/Piccadily Distillery Piccadily Distilleries, part of the larger Piccadily Agro Industries Group, produces the whisky. The Piccadily brand was established in 1967 and today has three distilleries in Northern India: Indri, Patiala, and Bawal. The malt distillery in Indri was set up in 2012. Before launching Indri, Piccadily Distilleries had already gained a strong reputation domestically through brands like Whistler and Kamet. Seeing the international recognition of Indian single malt brands like Amrut and Paul John, Piccadily decided to leverage its expertise and invest in a world-class distillery dedicated to producing authentic single malt whisky. They installed six traditional copper pot stills, designed and manufactured in India, and sourced high-quality, indigenous six-row Indian barley from Rajasthan. They matured the spirit in a carefully curated mix of cask types, including ex-bourbon barrels, premium French red wine casks, and sweet Pedro Ximénez (PX) sherry casks. The first single malt bottling was released domestically in 2020 and internationally in 2021. The distillery's production philosophy focuses on small-batch craftsmanship and selective maturation. Because India's warm climate accelerates aging, with angel's share evaporation rates often double or triple those in Scotland, master distillers and blenders pay meticulous attention to cask management to avoid over-oaking the whisky while maximizing flavor concentration. INDRI's Whisky Core Range & Signature Style Indri is part of the new wave redefining Indian whisky. For decades, India was, and remains, the world's largest whisky market by volume, but it was dominated by inexpensive blends often made with molasses-based spirits. Brands like Amrut, Paul John, Rampur, and now Indri have transformed that perception by proving that India can produce single malts that stand shoulder-to-shoulder with the best from Scotland, Japan, and beyond. INDRI, Trini Single Malt Scotch Whisky Photo, courtesy Ankit Nandwani Photography/Piccadily Ind. Indri's signature bottling is Trini – The Three Wood, a balanced, approachable single malt matured in three different cask types: ex-bourbon, French wine, and PX sherry. This triple-cask approach gives Trini a smooth, fruit-forward character with layered spice notes and a mellow sweetness. It's ideal for both new and experienced whisky drinkers. For more adventurous whisky enthusiasts, Indri offers more robust releases, such as the DRU (Distiller's Reserve Unfiltered) at cask strength. There are also several Single-Cask bottlings, including the 7-Year-Old Red Wine Cask. Each expression showcases the distillery's ability to push boundaries while staying true to its core identity. Across the range, Indri's whiskies consistently display a signature combination of ripe, succulent, orchard, and tropical fruits, along with persistent aromas of sweet, cooked cereal or malt. Its careful maturation is reflected in well-integrated seasoned oak notes surrounded by the typical wood spices of cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg. There is also a subtle touch of exotic India, as if the maturing whisky somehow absorbs the delicate aromas of the local spice market, Since its debut in 2020, Indri has rapidly gained recognition on the global stage. The brand has been a consistent medalist at international spirit competitions. Critics have praised its balanced profile, layered complexity, and value for money, solidifying Indri's place in the top tier of Indian single malt whiskies and emerging global single malt brands. Indri's accessible yet distinctive style appeals to both Indian drinkers looking for homegrown premium whisky and international enthusiasts eager to explore terroir-driven malts from new producers. Indri DRU Single Malt Whisky, 57.2% ABV, 750 ml. $84 INDRI, DRU Single Malt Scotch Whisky is another leading whisky expression from India Photo, courtesy Indri/Piccadily Distillery The DRU (Distiller's Reserve Unfiltered) Single Malt is part of a limited export range selected for its bold, cask-strength character. This expression shows off Indri's style at full power, unfiltered and bottled at natural cask strength. The whisky is intense and flavorful on the nose, featuring layered notes of caramel, dark honey, toasted oak, and a hint of dried tropical fruit. There's a touch of clove and roasted nuts, mingled with a persistent sweet, cooked malt note. It's robust with a notable mouth weight and a viscous mouth-coating texture. It features intense aromas of vanilla fudge, charred oak, caramel, dried stone fruit, especially apricots, dark chocolate, and hints of baking spices. The high proof intensifies the flavors, especially the spice notes. The finish is long, warming, and slightly drying, with lingering oak spice, hints of leather, a touch of sweetness, some mild pepperiness, and a persistent note of cooked cereal or malt. Indri 7 YO Single malt Whisky, Red Wine Single Cask #1746, The ImpEx Collection, 53.5% ABV, 750 ml. $139 This limited release is a single cask, seven-year-old Indri aged in a French red wine cask, a rare cask finish for Indian whisky. The red wine maturation adds a fruity, vinous layer that complements Indri's robust malt and spicy profile. Single Cask #1746 is part of a series showcasing small, collectible batches, bottled at full cask strength for richer flavor. The whisky features aromas of dark berries, black cherries, and spiced plum jam, set against a backdrop of creamy butterscotch, toasted oak, milk chocolate, and hints of red wine tannin, along with vanilla and baking spices. It's smooth and full-bodied on the palate, expressing jam-like notes of stewed/cooked red berries, caramelized sugar, and a touch of clove. The wine cask influence brings subtle tannins and a silky, mouth-coating texture. The finish is long and succulent, with lingering notes of red fruit jam, hints of chocolate, and oak spice. A gentle, dry note from the wine tannins perfectly balances the whisky's fruity richness. Indri Single Malt Indian Whisky, Trini 'The Three Wood', 46% ABV, 750 ml. $58 Trini — The Three Wood is Indri's signature core expression and the distillery's first widely distributed single malt. It's matured in three types of casks: ex-bourbon, French wine, and PX sherry, creating a layered, approachable profile that highlights the distillery's elegant Indian malt and careful wood management. The whisky is rich and inviting on the nose, featuring a layered complexity of honeyed malt, orchard fruit, caramel, a hint of vanilla, and subtle notes of golden raisins and oak wood spices. It's smooth and medium-bodied on the palate with a noticeable Sherry cask influence showcasing dried fruits and subtle wood spices along with sweet, cooked malt/cereal, caramel, ripe pear, honey, and seasoned oak. The finish is long, well-defined, and lightly warming, with sweet dried fruit, subtle pepper, and lingering notes of vanilla, roasted nuts, and seasoned oak. From its fertile fields in the shadow of the Himalayas to your glass, Indri represents India's bold step into the world of fine single malt whisky. It's a perfect example of how local grain, careful craft, and an adventurous spirit can craft a world-class whisky. If you are unfamiliar with India's single malt whisky, you should explore it, and Indri should be at the top of your list. More From Forbes Forbes India's Whisky Revolution: Rising Stars Of Single Malt By Joseph V Micallef Forbes The Top Single Malt Scotch Whisky, According To The International Wine And Spirit Competition By Joseph V Micallef Forbes The World's Best Single Malt Scotch Whisky, According To The London Spirits Competition By Joseph V Micallef
Forbes
04-07-2025
- Business
- Forbes
The World's Best Whiskey—According To The International Whiskey Competition
Kavalan Solist Fino Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky earned world's best honors at this year's International Whiskey Competition Kavalan Single Malt Whisky The International Whiskey Competition announced Kavalan Solist Fino Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky as the whiskey of the year for 2025 in late June. The whiskey, made in Taiwan, outscored all other whiskeys entered in the competition—including bourbons, Scotches and more—earning the 97.04 rating, the highest score of the year. Kavalan Solist Fino Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky rose to the top of the judges' scoring sheets after rigorous double-blind taste-testing in which judges tasted whiskeys blind to their names, countries of origin, categories, or ABV. 'Each whisky is evaluated individually by a single panel, ensuring fairness and depth of analysis. Each entry is scored on its own merits,' said Max Solano, competition director for the International Whisky Competition, via email. Unlike many other spirits competitions, the International Whiskey Competition only awards three medals: gold, silver and bronze per category. Because of this, Solano said, 'Producers tend to submit their very best. Any judge on the IWC panel will tell you it is rare to come across a whiskey that does not meet a high standard.' Solano added, 'This year, we saw a growing trend toward experimental distilling, new barrel treatment techniques, and the emergence of regions previously overlooked. The international diversity and high average quality of submissions were impressive.' Nowhere was that geographic diversity more apparent than in the whiskey that earned the world's best honors for 2025. Kavalan Distillery in Yuanshan Township, Yilan County, Taiwan. The distillery took home top honors at this year's International Whisky Competition. Kavalan Distillery Judges were instantly wowed by the complexity of the Kavalan Solist Fino Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky. Adam Edmondson, Master of Whiskey at The International Whiskey Competition, noted: 'On the nose, it bursts with mango, apricot, and grilled pineapple, layered with almonds, dried figs, and oak spice. The palate offers rich plum, brandied cherries, dark chocolate, and the dry finesse of fino sherry. The finish lingers with coffee, sandalwood, and dried citrus.' Solano said, 'The Solist Fino Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky stood out for its depth and elegance.' He adds, 'it delivers a complex, layered experience from start to finish. On the nose, there are notes of mango, apricot, and grilled pineapple, layered with almonds, dried figs, and oak spice. The palate offers rich plum, brandied cherries, dark chocolate, and the dry finesse of fino sherry. The finish lingers with coffee, sandalwood, and dried citrus, all wrapped in a silky texture that carries through beautifully. It is both powerful and refined. Additional Awards For Kavalan Whiskey Zerose Yang, Kavalan Distillery's head of R&D, was named Master Distiller of the Year at the International Whiskey Competition. Kavalan Distillery In addition to winning whiskey of the year honors, Kavalan Distillery also took home 'Distillery of the Year' honors, and Zerose Yang, the distillery's head of R&D, was named Master Distiller of the Year. The distillery also had three whiskeys ranked in the top 15 rated whiskeys at the competition. The No. 1 ranked Solist Fino Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky was, of course, one of these, but the distillery also turned heads for the Solist Manzanilla Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, which scored 95.78 points, and for its No. 11—Solist Palo Cortado Sherry Single Cask Strength Single Malt Whisky, which scored 95.68 points. Solano said overall Kavalan Distillery showcased 'what modern Taiwanese whisky is capable of when tradition meets innovation.'
The Independent
03-07-2025
- Entertainment
- The Independent
Charles tries award-winning whisky during Campbeltown visit
The King kept out the cold with a dram of whisky when he visited a Scottish town famous for its distilleries. With wind and rain making the summer visit to Campbeltown feel like autumn, Charles readily sipped an award-winning 25-year-old single malt by the Glen Scotia distillery. He wore his own King Charles III tartan kilt for the visit to the town which made its fortune producing whisky which was sold around the globe and is now making a resurgence. More than a thousand people stood behind crash barriers to see the King tour the town. He first visited the local farmer's market where he watched sheep being sheared, met charity and community organisations in the town hall where the distillery had a stand, and finally visited the harbour area. Charles is known to like whisky produced using peat, which has a very distinctive flavour, and he asked Iain McAlister, master distiller and manager of Glen Scotia's distillery in Campbeltown: 'Is it a peaty one?' and was told it was not. He watched as a double measure from the whisky, costing more than £500 a bottle, was poured, and after taking a sip said: 'I'm always so amused by these people who describe these whiskys in the most amazing ways.' On the distillery's website the whisky is described as having 'hints of vanilla oak interwoven with the subtle notes of sea spray and spicy aromatic fruits'. Mr McAlister presented a bottle of the whisky to mark the visit and said afterwards: 'It doesn't get much better than this, having the King try our whisky.' Outside well-wishers had waited in the rain to see the monarch who spent time shaking hands with people and when local Kevin Stone shouted out 'you're looking well', Charles, who is receiving ongoing cancer care, replied 'thank you'. He stopped to visit a number of retailers including a fishmongers, butchers, fruit and veg store and Fetcha Chocolates run by chocolatier Fiona McArthur, who said last year she supplied vegan sweet treats for the famous Oscars goody bags. She added: 'The King was asking how we made the chocolates and he was very excited about the Oscars when I told him, and we gifted him a box of chocolates.' Earlier Charles watched 67-year-old Willie Skilling, livestock agent and sheep shearer, cutting off the fleece from a Scotch Mule sheep. He wrestled with the animal and used a harness called a bungee that supported his back, telling the King 'this is what you call help the aged' and Charles replied: 'I must remember that'. The King ended his visit by meeting a series of organisations from HM Coastguard to the RNLI and Sea Cadets by the harbour along with local nursery school children.
Yahoo
19-06-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Fledgling Karuizawa Distillers sets out stall ahead of whisky launch
Japanese single malt whisky maker Karuizawa Distillers has outlined its target markets for its first products when they go on sale next year. Speaking to Just Drinks, CEO Koji Shimaoka said the group would likely 'target three regions' – Asia-Pacific, North America and the EU. Karuizawa began distilling at its Komoro Distillery in the foothills of the Mount Asama volcano in central Japan in 2023. Its first batches of whisky will be available from this location next year. Shimaoka said he expected Asia-Pacific to be Karuizawa's largest market, with the company focusing on Taiwan, Hong Kong and mainland China. The group also plans to set up a 'global sales hub' in Singapore, to manage its global distribution. As part of Karuizawa's strategy, the company is looking to sell directly to consumers, as well as through "premium channels", such as department stores, hotels and "maybe" travel retail, Shimaoka said. He also expects the US to be an important region for the business. 'Last year, we went to America to participate the whisky show in New York. I can feel the US consumer just really eagerly waiting for our whiskies.' Karuizawa has distribution partners in place for Japan when it brings its first single malt to market in 2026. It also has distributors for the US, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and mainland China. In the US, Shimaoka said Karuizawa intended to target the East and West Coast regions as well as further south, such as Texas or Florida and Chicago in the Midwest. Founded in 2019, Shimaoka is the majority shareholder in Karuizawa, alongside Ian Chang, the group's master distiller. Last week, Karuizawa announced plans to build its second distillery, called Furaliss. The site will be based in Furano, a city on one of Japan's northern main islands Hokkaido. The Furaliss location is slated to open in 2028 and is being built together with local conglomerate Seibu Group and the city of Furano. When Karuizawa's products hit the market, they will be priced in the $80-$150 range, Shimaoka said, which means the business is unlikely to see 'as much of an impact' from tariffs when it enters the US. 'It's still okay, because… we are targeting their premium segment, which is more resilient than the low-end priced products.' The company also has a short- and long-term strategy in terms of volumes, Shimaoka said. In roughly six years' time, Karuizawa is looking to produce 100,000 nine-litre cases of whisky. 'Maybe in ten years' time my plan is to take [it] up to 1 million nine-litre cases," said Shimaoka. "I know that's a big challenge but it's doable if we can keep working hard.' In the future, the business would also like to have another two distilleries in Japan, though 'nothing has been set in stone'. Shimaoka also pointed to wanting to acquire 'one or two distilleries in Scotland', though this was not being assessed at the moment. "Fledgling Karuizawa Distillers sets out stall ahead of whisky launch" was originally created and published by Just Drinks, a GlobalData owned brand. The information on this site has been included in good faith for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely, and we give no representation, warranty or guarantee, whether express or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. You must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our site. Sign in to access your portfolio
