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Omega-3 Supplements Combined With Weightlifting May Improve Overall Health
Omega-3 Supplements Combined With Weightlifting May Improve Overall Health

Health Line

time12-07-2025

  • Health
  • Health Line

Omega-3 Supplements Combined With Weightlifting May Improve Overall Health

Omega-3 supplements combined with weightlifting could result in improvements to strength and health. A new study suggests that incorporating omega-3s into a strength training regimen positively impacts heart and brain health and can lead to fitness gains. Due to the limited scope of the research, it's unclear whether the findings are applicable to the broader population. Omega-3 fatty acids play an essential role in numerous bodily functions, including brain and eye health. When consumed in adequate amounts, they've also been linked to improved heart health markers and mental health. Now, researchers say combining omega-3 supplements with consistent weight training may offer significant health benefits as well. A study, recently published in Nutrients, found that athletes who supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids during a strength-training regimen experienced improvements in cholesterol profiles, brain-health markers, and, notably, strength gains compared with those who did not. 'The combination of omega-3 supplementation with resistance training resulted in meaningful improvements not only in biochemical markers but also in core components of physical performance such as muscular strength, agility, reaction time, and explosive power,' the study authors wrote. However, significant limitations remain. The study included only healthy men with a history of strength training, making it unclear if the findings would translate to the general public, particularly those with existing chronic disease. 'Because this excludes the public, it is unclear if there would be such benefits for the entirety of a population,' said Alyssa Kwan, MS, RD, a clinical dietitian in cardiology at Stanford Medicine who wasn't involved in the study. Nonetheless, the study suggests that omega-3 supplementation may provide a cost-effective, convenient approach to enhancing exercise performance. Omega-3s improve cholesterol, brain health, and fitness Researchers in Turkey conducted a randomized trial to assess the effects of omega-3 supplementation with weight training. Two groups of men followed the same weightlifting regimen, but only one group received the supplements. Thirty men aged 18 to 30 were recruited for the trial. Participants were only included if they met a stringent set of criteria: a strength-training history of at least three years absence of chronic medical conditions non-smokers non-drinkers of alcohol ability to train at least three days per week Participants must not have a history as professional athletes or have used ergogenic aids to enhance performance, such as creatine, omega-3 supplements, protein powders, or branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), within six months of the trial. A total of 15 participants were randomized to receive omega-3 supplements, while the remaining participants served as controls. The daily omega-3 dosage was 3,150 mg, selected based on prior studies reporting performance-enhancing effects at similar levels. Both groups performed strength training three days per week, comprising one upper-body day, one lower-body day and one full-body day. Researchers standardized gym conditions — including lighting, temperature and equipment — to minimize performance variability. Additionally, to minimize confounding factors, both groups followed a rigorously standardized diet supervised by a certified dietitian. By the end of the trial, supplemented participants experienced multi-systemic health and performance benefits versus controls. Key health outcomes included: Performance gains included: 13.6% increase in bench-press one-rep max (1RM) 9.7% increase in squat 1RM improved power, speed, agility, and reaction time 'The fact that such improvements were observed even in healthy, physically active individuals suggests that omega-3 can be considered a valuable performance-enhancing aid for athletes and those engaged in regular physical activity,' wrote the study authors. More research is needed to better understand how these supplements will affect a broader population. Can omega-3 supplements promote overall health? It's unclear whether the health and performance benefits of omega-3 supplementation and weightlifting would extend to the broader population. Still, the health benefits observed would be meaningful, even if isolated from the aspects related to exercise performance. 'These benefits could have a large impact on longevity. While exercise is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, omega-3s have also been shown to have a beneficial impact as well. Improvements in lipid profiles could reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke as well as cognitive decline,' said Kristin Kirkpatrick, MS, RD, a nutritionist at the Cleveland Clinic, and co-author of ' Regenerative Health,' who wasn't involved in the study. Meanwhile, Kwan adds, 'We do understand that omega-3s have anti-inflammatory benefits and are very important for immune resilience and a general health benefit.' Your body doesn't naturally produce omega-3s, which means they must be obtained from omega-3-rich foods like fatty fish, walnuts, or chia seeds. Omega-3 supplements, typically sold as pills or oils, can help fill the gap for those who don't regularly consume sufficient amounts of omega-3-rich foods. However, experts say food-based sources of omega-3s are generally preferable to seeking out a supplement. 'Health benefits can be linked and achieved by just a healthy diet alone, such as eating fish. This supports an overall healthy diet as well,' said Kwan.

The best fish oil supplements in 2025, tested and reviewed by a dietitian
The best fish oil supplements in 2025, tested and reviewed by a dietitian

Yahoo

time26-06-2025

  • Health
  • Yahoo

The best fish oil supplements in 2025, tested and reviewed by a dietitian

Are you missing out on a nutrient that could protect your brain, heart and joints? If you're like 68% of Americans, the answer is yes. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for fighting chronic inflammation and boosting overall health, yet many of us are falling short of our daily dose. The best fish oil supplements bridge this gap, delivering omega-3s like EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) from fatty fish or marine algae to reduce inflammation and support brain and heart health. "Omega-3s are essential because our body doesn't produce them on their own, meaning we need to consume them. Some health benefits of omega-3s include helping to lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol profile, reduce inflammation, reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke and improve mental health and mood/brain function," says Jessica M. Kelly, a dietitian and owner of Nutrition That Heals. Here's the good news: Omega-3 DHA and EPA are found in fatty fish — think salmon, sardines and mackerel — and eating fish just twice a week is enough to hit the recommended levels of these essential fats. But if seafood isn't your thing, don't worry. That's where high-quality fish oil (or plant-based) supplements come in. As a registered dietitian and non-fish eater, I dove deep into the latest research, chatted with fellow nutrition experts and bravely tested top-rated products (yes, even the fishy-tasting ones) to find the best fish oil supplement on the market. After evaluating 30 products and testing 8, I surfaced with six standout omega-3 supplements — including a vegan-friendly option — that are worth your hard-earned dollars. Read on to see which ones made the cut — and which ones got tossed back. Best overall fish oil supplement More fish oil supplements we like Types of fish oil and other omega-3 supplements Factors to consider when shopping How we chose Other products we tested FAQs Meet our experts A note on supplements The products included on this list are dietary supplements. Statements about these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Dietary supplements are not appropriate for everyone and may interact with other supplements or medications, so talk to your healthcare provider before adding a dietary supplement to your routine. Update, June 26, 2025: We checked all product prices and availability. Our No. 1 pick for best overall fish oil supplement is unchanged. We included additional testing data after several months of regular use. (back to top) (back to top) Omega-3 supplements come in many forms, each tailored to different health needs and lifestyles. Here's an overview of the most common types and what sets them apart: Standard fish oil capsules: Standard fish oil supplements comprise oil derived from fatty fish, such as anchovies, mackerel, salmon, herring or tuna. The oil tends to be rich in omega-3s and also contains vitamins A and D. High EPA/DHA (concentrated): Many companies offer extra-strength formulations for people needing a higher dose of EPA or DHA omega-3s. According to Marjorie Cohn, MS, RD, LDN, CEDS-S and clinical director of Berry Street, people who may benefit from a high EPA/DHA supplement include, "those who are allergic or do not consume any omega-3 rich foods, those trying to reduce inflammation — arthritis, for example — those trying to conceive and those who are trying to support their mental health and memory." Krill oil: This oil is derived from Antarctic krill, tiny crustaceans rich in EPA and DHA. Interestingly, the chemical structure of omega-3s from krill oil is different than that of fish oil, and krill oil is higher in antioxidants. Some studies suggest that krill oil may be easier to absorb and have more health benefits than standard fish oil. That said, research on the benefits of krill oil versus standard fish oil is mixed, with other studies finding no significant benefits of one over the other. Cod liver oil: Typically sourced from the liver of Atlantic and Pacific codfish, this oil tends to be higher in EPA, DHA and vitamins A and D. In fact, because of its high concentration of vitamins A and D, some experts warn against consuming cod liver oil if you're already taking a multivitamin or other supplement with these nutrients. Because of the risk for nutrient toxicity, cod liver oil is generally not recommended for kids. Liquid fish oil: The liquid version of fish oil is an excellent alternative for those who prefer not to swallow pills. It may also offer better absorption, as there's no capsule for your body to break down. To enhance its palatability (and tone down the potentially-fishy flavor), many liquid fish oils are flavored and can be mixed into your favorite beverage. Vegan (algal oil): Sourced from plant-like marine organisms called algae, algal oil is one of the few vegan-friendly sources of DHA and EPA omega-3s. Fun fact: The reason fish contain DHA and EPA is because they eat microalgae. (back to top) Finding the best fish oil or omega-3 supplement means considering what matters most for your health and preferences. Here's what to keep in mind before you buy: EPA and DHA content: Check the amount of EPA and DHA in the supplement. Although there's no official daily recommended intake, many health experts suggest at least 250 mg of combined EPA and DHA daily for healthy adults. If you have high triglycerides or heart disease, your doctor may advise a higher-dose omega-3 supplement. The ideal amount depends on your diet and individual needs, so it's best to consult with a healthcare professional. Omega-6 content: Some omega-3 supplements also include omega-6 fatty acids, which are essential nutrients. However, most people already consume sufficient, if not excessive, amounts of omega-6 in their diets. To maximize benefits, opt for a supplement that focuses solely on omega-3s, particularly DHA and EPA. Form: Fish oil supplements come in many forms, including capsules, tablets, liquids and gummies. In general, liquid fish oil is better absorbed and easier to swallow. However, some people may dislike the oily texture or find liquid options too fishy-tasting. If you don't mind swallowing pills, capsules are a good alternative to gummies because they typically contain fewer additives, including sugar. Source of omega-3s: Fish oil is the most common source of omega-3s in supplements. I recommend choosing a supplement with oil from smaller fish because they tend to be lower in mercury than larger fish. However, if you're allergic to fish or follow a vegan lifestyle, look for supplements containing omega-3s sourced from sea algae. Taste and odor: While the dreaded fish burps can't always be avoided, some supplements are less fishy than others. Look for products with lemon juice or other flavorings to help mask any fishiness. Size of the pill: Because fish oil pills often include a large dosage of omega-3s, they tend to be quite large. This is especially true for one-a-day formulations and high-potency supplements. If you're not a fan of swallowing pills, consider a supplement that splits the dose into multiple pills per day or opt for a liquid formulation. Added ingredients: When possible, look for fish oil supplements that are free of artificial additives or preservatives. If you have dietary restrictions, double-check the ingredient list to ensure they comply with your needs. Third-party testing: Unlike medications, supplements are not strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To ensure your fish oil contains the ingredients and dosages stated on the label, opt for products that have been independently tested for purity and potency by trusted third-party organizations such as NSF, USP or IFOS. Sustainability: Ideally, look for supplements containing sustainably sourced fish. These products are often certified by the Marine Stewardship Council or Friend of the Sea. Value: If you plan on taking fish oil supplements daily, consider the monthly cost to see which product best fits your budget. (back to top) As a registered dietitian with nearly a decade of experience, I've dedicated countless hours to researching dietary supplements, including fish oil. To ensure a thorough review, I consulted with two fellow registered dietitians to gather insights on the benefits of omega-3s, what to look for in a quality supplement and the latest guidelines for EPA and DHA requirements. Using this expertise, I evaluated over 30 products and rigorously tested 8 of them. During testing, I focused on key factors like capsule size, ease of swallowing, taste or aftertaste and whether any side effects occurred. Each product was also assessed for overall value, factoring in certifications, ingredient formulation and price. (back to top) While our top picks stood out for their exceptional quality, value and performance, we tested several other fish oil supplements that still offer notable benefits. Here's what we found: Sports Research Omega-3 Fish Oil from Wild Alaskan Pollock: We liked this fish oil supplement for its one-a-day formulation, high-quality ingredients and IFOS certification. Plus, it isn't overly expensive. However, because it contains a high dose of omega-3s, it isn't suitable for most healthy adults. The capsules are also quite large and had a bit of a fishy aftertaste. Still, it's a good option if you've been recommended to take a high-dose supplement by a health care professional. HUM OMG! Omega the Great: This third-party-tested fish oil supplement from HUM provides a combined 1,200 mg dose of EPA and DHA per serving. As with many products on our list, HUM's fish oil capsules are very large. They also have a slightly rougher coating that I found more difficult to swallow compared to a standard softgel. For that reason and the slightly fishier taste, this supplement narrowly missed our top picks. (back to top) The ideal daily dose of fish oil depends on several factors, including your age, overall health, dietary intake of omega-3s and the supplement's omega-3 content. While there isn't a formal guideline for EPA and DHA intake, most health organizations recommend 250 to 500 mg per day of combined EPA and DHA for general health. For individuals with heart disease or high triglycerides, higher doses — ranging from 1,000 to 4,000 mg per day of combined EPA and DHA — may offer additional benefits. To determine the right dosage for your specific needs, consult with a health care professional. "Traditional fish oil typically comes from fatty fish; sardines, anchovies, salmon or tuna. Krill oil and cod liver oil comes from, well, krill or cod," explains Cohn. While there are some differences in terms of the exact amount of omega-3s, absorption rate and antioxidant and vitamin content, Cohn says, "the documented differences between these supplements are negligible in terms of omega-3 support, and which source [to use] is most often determined by one's personal preferences." Fish oil supplements contain omega-3s, essential fatty acids that have been shown to help regulate and reduce inflammation. As Cohen explains, "Omega-3 fatty acids produce compounds in the body which act as a down dial of the inflammatory response. This is why omega-3s are so valuable for managing chronic, low-grade inflammation over time. While acute inflammation is a natural and necessary response to injury or infection, chronic inflammation can cause or worsen health conditions such as heart disease, arthritis, autoimmune diseases and mental health conditions." The most common side effects of omega-3 supplements include diarrhea, constipation, gas, nausea and vomiting. Fishy burps are also common. Because fish oil can prevent blood from clotting, fish oil supplements should not be taken by people using blood thinners like warfarin. Also, fish oil omega-3 supplements may worsen peptic ulcers. "Once a fish oil supplement is started, it may take anywhere from 6 weeks to 6 months to see a significant improvement in symptoms," says Kelly. Still, keep in mind that depending on your diet and reasons for taking an omega-3 supplement, you may not notice a meaningful difference after taking a supplement for quite some time, if at all. "Long-term regular consumption of omega-3 fatty acids along with a diet that is nutrient-rich and balanced combats inflammation, which is an underlying variable in every disease state," says Cohn. (back to top) Marjorie Cohn, MS, RD, LDN, CEDS-S, clinical director of Berry Street Jessica M. Kelly, RDN, LDN of Nutrition That Heals, powered by Berry Street (back to top) Our health content is for informational purposes only and is not intended as professional medical advice. Consult a medical professional on questions about your health.

Nutritionist Explains How Supplement Timing Can Impact Your Health
Nutritionist Explains How Supplement Timing Can Impact Your Health

NDTV

time05-06-2025

  • Health
  • NDTV

Nutritionist Explains How Supplement Timing Can Impact Your Health

Timing can make all the difference when it comes to taking supplements. Depending on the type of supplement and your body's needs, some work best in the morning, others in the evening, and some even need to be split throughout the day. Nutritionist Rashi Chowdhary recently highlighted just how crucial the right timing is to getting the most out of your supplements. 'Because timing does matter,' Rashi Chowdhary said in her recent Instagram post. She further explained in the video that right supplements with wrong timings equals zero results. According to Rashi Chowdhary, Omega 3 should be taken with a large meal, such as lunch or dinner, for blood sugar stabilization. One should avoid taking Omega 3 after working out because it may prevent the inflammation that helps build muscle. 'It works like an insulin mimicker. So, if you've had carbs in these meals, it's going to help stabilize your blood sugars,' she said in the clip. For optimal absorption, vitamin D should be taken in the morning with fat. Vitamin D should not be taken at night since it may interfere with the production of melatonin, which might cause problems sleeping. Moreover, water-soluble vitamin B12 can be taken at any time, but absorption interference prevents it from working alongside iron. 'Three sprays under your tongue anytime is okay because it's water soluble. You don't need fat to absorb this better,' the nutritionist said. Last but not least, nutritionist Rashi Chowdhary mentioned that magnesium is best taken at night or right before bed. To avoid interference, people with thyroid problems should wait three to four hours between taking magnesium and thyroid medications. The effectiveness of supplements depends on their quality and absorption, Rashi added. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Rashi Chowdhary (@rashichowdhary) In the caption of her Instagram post, The nutritionist shared her 3 non-negotiables when it comes to supplements: 1. Right form: The proper shape is one that your body requires and can effectively absorb. 2. High quality: No inexpensive additives, fillers, or unidentified ingredients 3. Correct timing and technique: Some supplements complement meals, others don't, and some just balance each other out. By being aware of and following these supplement schedules, one can maximize the advantages of their diet and increase the efficiency of these supplements.

NI businessman remembered as 'devoted father and grandfather' and a 'friend to all'
NI businessman remembered as 'devoted father and grandfather' and a 'friend to all'

Belfast Telegraph

time01-06-2025

  • Health
  • Belfast Telegraph

NI businessman remembered as 'devoted father and grandfather' and a 'friend to all'

Dr Geoff Hayhurst (66) a renowned osteopath and co-founder of Paradox Omega Oils, passed away suddenly at his home in May 22. Founded in 2007 with his wife Michele, the company distributes Omega3 supplements globally, including in Singapore and Dubai. A leading expert in his field, Dr Hayhurst was the technical director of the supplement firm. A funeral notice described the businessman as a 'devoted' grandfather and 'friend to all'. 'It is with great sadness that we announce the death of a dearly loved husband, cherished brother, devoted father and grandfather, and friend to all,' it read. 'Husband of Michele, much-loved twin brother of Gordon and brother to Jean. 'An adored father to James, Victoria, Harriet and William. Grandfather to Maisie, Bridget, Mason, Frankie, Ava, Lottie and Penelope.' A member of the Belfast Old Instonians Association group said they were 'saddened' to hear of his death. 'Tremendously saddened to hear of the passing of Geoff Hayhurst (RBAI 1970-77),' they wrote on social media. 'Geoff was Head of Dill House and a member of the 1st XV before matriculating to Manchester University to study Dentistry. He went on to establish Paradox Omega Oils. 'An active RBAI Parent Governor between 2005 – 13, many will remember Geoff for promoting rowing, including establishing the annual race with MCB for the Innicarra Wood. 'Our thoughts are with Michelle, children James (RBAI 1999-06), Victoria, Harriet and William (RBAI 2003-10) and the wider family at this time.' Well-wishers also took to social media to share their condolences for the family. 'So sorry to hear this news, a lovely man. Deepest love and sympathies to Michelle and the family,' one person wrote online. 'So sorry to hear this, our deepest sympathies to his family,' wrote another. "We met Geoff through our love of rowing and supporting our boys. We had the pleasure of hearing Geoff speak at the annual rowing dinner, he was inspiring.' Another said: 'I am so sorry to hear this news Mr Hayhurst was an excellent parent Governor and it was an absolute pleasure teaching his children. So sad.' 'More very sad news – it's not been a good moths for our 1977 year. RIP Geoff,' said a former classmate. His funeral took place Roselawn Crematorium on May 30.

Vitamin D May Slow a Process Related to Aging, New Study Suggests
Vitamin D May Slow a Process Related to Aging, New Study Suggests

Yomiuri Shimbun

time25-05-2025

  • Health
  • Yomiuri Shimbun

Vitamin D May Slow a Process Related to Aging, New Study Suggests

People who have a higher vitamin D intake may be slowing down a biological process linked to aging, according to a study published this week. But don't rush out to buy supplements just yet. The findings need to be confirmed with additional research, and the vast majority of people in the United States are already getting enough vitamin D from diet and sunlight, experts say. In the new analysis, researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and other universities looked at telomeres – the protective caps of DNA code at the ends of chromosomes – which tend to shorten as we age. It's a biological 'clock' of sorts, and shorter telomeres have been linked to an increased risk of certain diseases. Vitamin D supplements, though, may slow that shrinking process, the new research, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, has found. While previous studies have shown an association between vitamin D and telomere length, most were observational. The new study is randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled, lending more credence to the findings. 'We think these findings are promising and warrant further study. But we think that the replication will be important before changing the general guidelines for vitamin D intake,' said JoAnn Manson, a co-author of the study and chief of the Division of Preventive Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Reduced telomere shortening The findings are part of a larger study, called the VITAL trial, that Manson and other researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, have been conducting for five years. It involves 25,871 participants – U.S. women age 55 and older and men age 50 and older – who have been given 2,000 IUs of vitamin D3 a day and 1 gram of Omega 3 fatty acid a day to determine their effects primarily on cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention. The telomere study focused on about 900 of those participants, largely from Boston, whose telomere length in white blood cells was assessed at baseline and again in years 2 and 4. Researchers found that compared with the group taking the placebo, those taking vitamin D supplements had reduced telomere shortening over four years. Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation, on the other hand, had no obvious effect on telomere length. How telomeres may be associated with aging During each cell division, telomeres ensure that the cell's chromosomes do not fuse with one another or rearrange themselves, and with each replication, the telomeres shorten a bit. This process is associated with aging as well as an increased risk of infections, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The researchers think that vitamin D supplementation's benefit is related to tamping down inflammation, Manson said. Inflammation has been associated with autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. Healthy diet and lifestyle are critical While vitamin D may have benefits, Manson emphasized that it is not a cure-all. There are many chronic diseases that do not seem to be reduced by vitamin D supplementation, she said. 'Dietary supplements will never be a substitute for healthy diet and healthy lifestyle, and we've made it very clear time and again that the focus should be on the diet and lifestyle rather than on supplementation,' she said. 'However, targeted supplementation for people who have higher levels of inflammation or a higher risk of chronic diseases clearly related to inflammation, those high risk groups may benefit from targeted vitamin D supplementation.' The telomere study was randomized, meaning participants were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D supplement group or the placebo group to ensure that characteristics such as age, health status, diet and lifestyle are balanced between the groups. Randomization is considered the gold standard in clinical research because it makes the groups as similar as possible at the start of the study. 'All of the risk factors for chronic disease, for telomere shortening, the age, the demographics, the physical activity, diet, underlying health, hypertension, diabetes, all these risk factors are balanced out by the randomization process,' Manson said, meaning the only difference between the two groups was that one received vitamin D and one did not. And the study was also 'double-blinded,' meaning that not only did the participants in each group not know which was receiving the supplement, but neither did the technicians administering it. What other research and experts say Not all studies have been as promising with regard to telomere preservation. A paper published in 2023 in the Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, for instance, concluded that 'routinely supplementing older adults, who are largely vitamin D replete, with monthly doses of vitamin D is unlikely to influence telomere length.' Between 2014 and 2020, researchers at the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane, Australia, led a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1,519 participants, to see whether vitamin D supplementation would affect telomere length. They gave the supplement monthly to half of the participants and found no difference between those who received it and those who did not. Carol Greider, a professor at the University of California at Santa Cruz who won the 2009 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for her discovery of telomerase, an enzyme that protects telomeres from shortening, said in an email that she was skeptical of the new study's findings. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, or qPCR, an assay that was used in the recent study to measure telomere length, has been shown in a number of publications to be unreliable, Greider wrote. The clinical standard for measuring telomere length is a technique called Flow FISH, which is highly reproducible. Greider also noted that different subtypes of blood cells have different telomere lengths, so any changes in the cell type distribution in the blood could raise or lower the blood's average telomere length, not because the length changed but because the types of cells present changed. She cited a perspective published in Aging Cell in March, in which the authors question research from 2024 that suggested spaceflight, like the Inspiration4 mission, which lasted just three days, increased the average telomere length of the white blood cells of those on the flight. It's not that the telomeres are longer, the authors of the Aging Cell article wrote; it's that the composition of their white blood cells changed, raising the average telomere length. 'So while there may or may not be an effect of Vitamin D on telomeres, the methods used in this study are unlikely to be able to accurately document those changes without any control for cell type distributions,' Greider wrote.

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