Reframing economic reform: A Central Bank perspective on Jordan's transformation

Ammon

3 days ago

Raad Mahmoud Al-Tal In a rapidly evolving global economic landscape, the recent remarks by the Governor of the Central Bank of Jordan, Adel Sharkas, offer a clear signal that Jordan has embarked on a fundamentally new path of economic reform. The country has shifted away from reactive, short-term policy adjustments toward a proactive and strategic reform agenda, guided by the Economic Modernisation Vision. This transition has not only redefined national economic objectives but has also introduced a new set of tools and implementation mechanisms.
This transformation can be understood through three interrelated pillars. First, Jordan has adopted a forward-looking approach that prioritises economic resilience in the face of external shocks. Second, macroeconomic stability has been reestablished as the cornerstone of long-term, sustainable growth. Third, the coordination between fiscal and monetary policy has evolved into a coherent, integrated framework designed to support reform over the medium and long term.
Jordan's recent growth performance, averaging 2.9 per cent during 2021–2024, is not simply a rebound, it signals a structural shift. The growth trajectory has become broader-based and more externally driven, with investment contributing around 40 per cent and the external sector 38 per cent to overall growth during this period. This indicates that the economy is gradually becoming less reliant on domestic consumption and public expenditure and more rooted in productive, scalable sectors.
This shift reflects the cumulative impact of structural reforms that have enhanced productivity and invested in human capital—key components of what economists refer to as potential output. In effect, Jordan is building the capacity to sustain growth without triggering inflationary pressures.
On the external front, the economy has shown notable resilience. Non-traditional exports have increased their share of GDP from 16.2 per cent in 2016 to 20.9 per cent in 2024. The energy bill has been significantly reduced—now at 7 per cent of GDP—due to long-term gas agreements and a diversified energy mix. Additionally, workers' remittances, a vital source of foreign exchange, have remained strong, totaling $3.6 billion in 2024.
Monetary policy has played a crucial role in this stabilization. Inflation has been contained at approximately 2 per cent in the first half of 2025, despite global price pressures. Foreign currency reserves, now exceeding $22 billion, provide more than eight months of import coverage. The decline in dollarization to 18.1 per cent further underscores growing confidence in the Jordanian dinar.
The banking sector, too, has emerged as a pillar of stability and growth. Bank deposits have reached 47.7 billion dinars, while credit facilities have expanded by over 7 billion dinars since 2020. Jordan has also made significant strides in digital financial services, with digital payment volumes now equivalent to 146 per cent of GDP a reflection of improved access, efficiency, and innovation in the financial ecosystem.
Importantly, the Central Bank of Jordan is no longer functioning solely as a regulator, it has become a strategic partner in the country's reform agenda. Its leadership in promoting financial inclusion, digital transformation, and monetary stability reflects a proactive institutional role aligned with national development priorities.
Governor Sharkas's address is not just a summary of economic metrics; it is a clear statement that Jordan is gradually breaking free from its historic vulnerabilities. The country is laying the groundwork for a more resilient, self-sustaining economic model capable of withstanding future uncertainties.
However, the road ahead is not without challenges. Sustaining this progress requires institutional continuity, deeper public-private collaboration, and a cultural shift toward long-term economic thinking. Ultimately, it is not just reform policies, but a broader economic mindset that will define Jordan's ability to navigate the next decade.
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