
The scientists tracking Himalayan glaciers' melting: 'Yala holds a very special place in my heart'
Here at the foot of the Yala Glacier, nestled at the very end of the Langtang Valley in Nepal, a group of residents from the villages below, accompanied by scientists from several countries in the region, walked for days to pay their respects to the white giant. Most locals practice Tibetan Buddhism, and the date chosen, May 12, was Vesak Day, a traditional holiday commemorating the birth, enlightenment and death of Buddha.
They gathered to honor the glacier, which is destined to disappear. Located between 5,160 and 5,749 meters above sea level, it has lost two-thirds of its mass and receded by 784 meters since 1974, the year it was first measured by a team of Japanese scientists.
Under the effects of climate change, the snow and the ice have gradually diminished and revealed the rocky terrain. "It was dreamlike, everything was white," said Sharad Joshi with nostalgia. As the leader of the group of scientists, the cryosphere specialist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Kathmandu knows Yala like no one else. "To see how quickly the glacier has retreated in front of our eyes makes me incredibly sad," he said, powerless.
A funeral for an ice giant
For more than a decade, the short man with a soft voice and an Olympian calm has climbed the mountain twice per year to measure the ice. He considers glaciers to be the Earth's thermometers. Their extreme sensitivity to variations in temperature makes them key indicators of global warming, and every tenth of a degree speeds up their melting.
Hashtags

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


Euronews
a day ago
- Euronews
Where are you most likely to live to 100 and why?
People who reach their 100th birthdays this year have seen quite a lot. Born in 1925 between two World Wars, they've witnessed the advent of everything from penicillin to TikTok. But very few people have crossed that mark. Worldwide, there are about 630,000 centenarians – people aged 100 or older – and the vast majority live in just 10 countries, according to the latest estimates from the United Nations. These 10 countries span Asia, Europe, and North America, and they run the gamut on size, economic strength, politics, healthcare quality, and social structures. One in five centenarians, or about 123,000 people, live in Japan, which also has one of the world's highest life expectancies at 88 years for women and 82 years for men. It is followed by the United States, which has about 74,000 centenarians, China (around 49,000), and India (38,000). Considering the number of centenarians relative to population size, however, the US and China drop down the list and European countries such as France, Greece, and Italy rise closer to the top. Japan remains exceptional, with 100 centenarians per 100,000 people, behind only Hong Kong, with a rate of 133. 'Japan is at the top of all lists,' Solveig Cunningham, a professor who leads health, ageing and longevity research at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, told Euronews Health. That's likely due to a combination of nutrition, exercise, and a healthy 'living environment,' Cunningham said. But the real test would be to track the health of people who immigrated to Japan decades ago, and see if they fare as well as native Japanese people as they age. What drives extreme longevity? Extreme longevity has long puzzled scientists and captivated the public, spawning countless books, TV shows, headlines, and self-help guides. One popular explanation is the theory of 'blue zones,' or geographic regions where people live remarkably long lives due to a combination of healthy diets, active lifestyles, strong social relationships, and genetics. But researchers have also raised questions about whether these 'blue zones' are real, or simply a matter of flawed data. One study made waves last year when it flagged two reasons why some countries appear to have so many centenarians: administrative errors with birth certificates, and fraud in pension and benefit systems. Cunningham said there likely are some 'data aberrations,' but they probably do not account for bigger picture trends, particularly because countries with the most centenarians also tend to have longer life expectancies overall. 'If we think these are places where people generally live longer, it's not surprising that a larger proportion will make it there,' she said. Even countries with lower life expectancies could be home to a surprising number of centenarians. 'In places where you have pretty high mortality early in life, the people who survive are outstandingly strong,' Cunningham said. It doesn't appear that there's a 'magical concoction,' she added. For now, there are still more questions than answers when it comes to extreme longevity, but demographers and health experts say the keys to ageing well are simple: regular exercise, healthy food, access to medical care, getting enough sleep, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and managing stress. 'I don't know how much I personally would buy into [claims on the benefits of] fish oil and chocolate and a glass of wine,' Cunningham said.

LeMonde
2 days ago
- LeMonde
The scientists tracking Himalayan glaciers' melting: 'Yala holds a very special place in my heart'
Gusts of wind carried the chants of the Tibetan lamas toward the snowcapped slopes of the sacred Himalayas. Three Buddhist monks sat on the stones of the desolate landscape of rock and ice. Some 100 small white prayer flags fluttered in the blue sky above them. Here at the foot of the Yala Glacier, nestled at the very end of the Langtang Valley in Nepal, a group of residents from the villages below, accompanied by scientists from several countries in the region, walked for days to pay their respects to the white giant. Most locals practice Tibetan Buddhism, and the date chosen, May 12, was Vesak Day, a traditional holiday commemorating the birth, enlightenment and death of Buddha. They gathered to honor the glacier, which is destined to disappear. Located between 5,160 and 5,749 meters above sea level, it has lost two-thirds of its mass and receded by 784 meters since 1974, the year it was first measured by a team of Japanese scientists. Under the effects of climate change, the snow and the ice have gradually diminished and revealed the rocky terrain. "It was dreamlike, everything was white," said Sharad Joshi with nostalgia. As the leader of the group of scientists, the cryosphere specialist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Kathmandu knows Yala like no one else. "To see how quickly the glacier has retreated in front of our eyes makes me incredibly sad," he said, powerless. A funeral for an ice giant For more than a decade, the short man with a soft voice and an Olympian calm has climbed the mountain twice per year to measure the ice. He considers glaciers to be the Earth's thermometers. Their extreme sensitivity to variations in temperature makes them key indicators of global warming, and every tenth of a degree speeds up their melting.


Euronews
20-06-2025
- Euronews
How Japan built the largest-class superconducting quantum computer
Researchers in Japan have developed the world's largest-class superconducting quantum computer. Several hardware types are used to build quantum computers, which use subatomic particles called qubits to increase computing capabilities.. Among them, superconducting quantum computers are the most widely tested, with companies like Google, IBM and Rigetti leading in this technology. The higher the number of qubits, the greater the potential computing power. However, other factors such as noise and error mitigation methods are also essential for building a practical quantum computer. The new quantum system developed by researchers at the Japanese National Research and Development Agency, RIKEN, in collaboration with the Japanese IT giant, Fujitsu, has 256 qubits. For comparison, Google's Sycamore quantum processor uses 70 qubits. IBM has a 1,121-qubit processor called Condor, but it's not broadly available for external users. It is widely thought that it would take one million quibits to realise quantum's full potential. Not only did the researchers deploy one of the largest class superconducting quantum computers, but they also managed to quadruple the density of the qubits by fitting 256 qubits into the casing used for the previous generation quantum computer that used 64 qubits. Researchers credit this fourfold increase in density to a combination of high-density integration technology and an advanced thermal design. They assembled 4-qubit 'unit cells' side by side and layered the connected cells in three dimensions, a technique known as a 3D connection structure. 'Using this structure, we can scale the quantum chip without design change… We can make any size qubit chip using a 3D connect structure,' Yoshiyasu Doi, Senior Researcher, RIKEN RQC-FUJITSU Collaboration Centre, told Euronews Next. Fujitsu says the technique enables efficient scaling of qubits without requiring complex redesigns. Quantum computers must operate in extreme cold temperatures, and larger qubits typically need more space due to heat generation. The new 256-qubit system, housed at the RIKEN RQC-FUJITSU Collaboration Centre in Wako, Japan, includes a cooling system that can reach temperatures as low as 20 millikelvin, close to absolute zero, the coldest temperature possible in nature. 'To implement a larger number of components, thermal heat is a very difficult problem…in the new design, we can reduce the power of the amplifier by over 60 per cent. Heat balance is very important to build a larger system,' said Doi. When building a quantum system, every qubit needs an input and output connection. Scaling entails more complex packaging, cabling, and cryogenic infrastructure to manage those connections. 'One of the key advancements that Fujitsu is demonstrating here is the cabling side, getting into a higher density,' Jonathan Burnett, the deputy director for research at the National Quantum Computing Centre in the United Kingdom, told Euronews Next. While American companies such as IBM and AWS have developed similar high-density cabling and integration, no European group currently has a deployed system with this level of cable density, Burnett says. 'Europe-wide, this would be quite a leap against [it]'. Fujitsu says it aims to launch a 1,000-qubit computer in 2026. 'A 1,000 qubit system is a very cost-consuming device. So at first we have to make the technologies to build such a bigger system… Using this dense design, we can build a larger system, like the 1,000 qubit system,' Doi said. Experts say that scaling is critical to advance the benefits of superconducting quantum computers. 'You start to encounter novel problems… that might only occur because you're trying to do 10 things at once and therefore you don't encounter it if you're never working at that size,' Burnett says. 'The impressive thing that does come from what physics Fujitsu is working on is actually encountering those genuine problems of scale that do come from ultimately operating a kind of larger number,' he added. However, ensuring the quality of qubits is as important as the quantity of qubits. Accessible for research institutions and companies globally The new 256-qubit quantum computer is accessible via a cloud platform for companies and research institutions to run complicated calculations. 'Hybrid quantum platform with this machine and quantum simulator. And we provide such a system to our customers, to our collaborators, such as research institutes all over the world,' Doi said. Fujitsu says it's currently working with four companies in Japan, covering industries from finance to chemicals, and aims to expand these collaborations globally. Other partnerships exist, but the company has not disclosed specific details for confidentiality reasons. Quantum computers hold the promise of advancing drug research, finance, and the discovery of new materials thanks to their unprecedented computing capabilities. However, there is broad agreement within the industry that the journey to fully practical quantum computing remains a long one. One million qubits is often seen as the threshold for fault-tolerant, large-scale quantum computing to solve truly practical and complex problems. In 2023, the UK outlined its Quantum Mission 1 as part of a national roadmap toward useful quantum computing. It estimates that around one million physical qubits will be needed to run real-world algorithms like Shor's, which is often used as a benchmark. However, experts concur that smaller systems are crucial stepping stones. 'We have to proceed [with] quantum technology step by step. To solve practical problems, we have to build a one-million-cubic system…So, in that sense, to develop the 1,000 qubit system is one of the steps,' Doi said. For more on this story, watch the video in the media player above.