Daraa residents clash with Israeli forces
The newspaper wrote: "Residents from Daraa are clashing with Israeli occupation forces near the Al-Jubeiliyah Dam."
It added: "An Israeli reconnaissance aircraft is patrolling the skies over the towns of the Yarmouk Basin, alongside the launch of flares illuminating the area."
Earlier, the Syrian Al-Ikhbariya channel reported that Israeli airstrikes targeted the Scientific Research Building in the Masaken Barzeh neighbourhood of Damascus.
It added: "Coinciding with explosions in Damascus and Hama, Israeli occupation aircraft targeted the vicinity of Hama Military Airport and the vicinity of T4 Military Airport in eastern Homs countryside."
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Ammon
2 days ago
- Ammon
Physicists discover new cosmic mechanism behind lightning formation
Ammon News - A significant breakthrough by Pennsylvania State University researchers, led by Victor Pasko, has provided the first quantitative explanation for precisely how lightning initiates. This groundbreaking work has revealed the powerful chain reaction that triggers lightning. In the study published on Monday in the Journal of Geophysical Research, the authors described how they determined strong electric fields in thunderclouds accelerate electrons that crash into molecules like nitrogen and oxygen, producing X-rays and initiating a deluge of additional electrons and high-energy photons, the perfect storm from which lightning bolts are born. 'Our findings provide the first precise, quantitative explanation for how lightning initiates in nature," Pasko said. "It connects the dots between X-rays, electric fields and the physics of electron avalanches." The team used mathematical modelling to confirm and explain field observations of photoelectric phenomena in Earth's atmosphere - when relativistic energy electrons, which are seeded by cosmic rays entering the atmosphere from outer space, multiply in thunderstorm electric fields and emit brief high-energy photon bursts. This phenomenon, known as a terrestrial gamma-ray flash, comprises the invisible, naturally occurring bursts of X-rays and accompanying radio emissions. 'By simulating conditions with our model that replicated the conditions observed in the field, we offered a complete explanation for the X-rays and radio emissions that are present within thunderclouds,' Pasko said. 'We demonstrated how electrons, accelerated by strong electric fields in thunderclouds, produce X-rays as they collide with air molecules like nitrogen and oxygen, and create an avalanche of electrons that produce high-energy photons that initiate lightning.' Zaid Pervez, a doctoral student in electrical engineering, used the model to match field observations - collected by other research groups using ground-based sensors, satellites and high-altitude spy planes - to the conditions in the simulated thunderclouds. 'We explained how photoelectric events occur, what conditions need to be in thunderclouds to initiate the cascade of electrons, and what is causing the wide variety of radio signals that we observe in clouds all prior to a lightning strike,' Pervez said. 'To confirm our explanation on lightning initiation, I compared our results to previous modelling, observation studies and my own work on a type of lightning called compact intercloud discharges, which usually occur in small, localized regions in thunderclouds.' Published by Pasko and his collaborators in 2023, the model, Photoelectric Feedback Discharge, simulates physical conditions in which a lightning bolt is likely to originate. The equations used to create the model are available in the paper for other researchers to use in their own work. In addition to uncovering lightning initiation, the researchers explained why terrestrial gamma-ray flashes are often produced without flashes of light and radio bursts, which are familiar signatures of lightning during stormy weather. 'In our modelling, the high-energy X-rays produced by relativistic electron avalanches generate new seed electrons driven by the photoelectric effect in air, rapidly amplifying these avalanches,' Pasko said. He added, 'In addition to being produced in very compact volumes, this runaway chain reaction can occur with highly variable strength, often leading to detectable levels of X-rays, while accompanied by very weak optical and radio emissions. This explains why these gamma-ray flashes can emerge from source regions that appear optically dim and radio silent.' WAM
Ammon
3 days ago
- Ammon
Humanin Peptide: Exploring Its Multifaceted Potential Across Research Domains
Ammon News - Humanin is a small, mitochondria-derived peptide consisting of 24 amino acids, first identified in 2001. It has attracted significant attention within the scientific community due to its unique origin and diverse biological activities. Emerging research suggests that Humanin might serve as a pivotal molecule linking mitochondrial function with cellular survival pathways. This article explores the current understanding of Humanin properties and speculates on their prospective uses across various research domains, focusing on their biochemical attributes and the implications of their activity in cellular physiology, cellular aging, metabolic regulation, neurodegeneration, and beyond. Origin and Biochemical Properties of Humanin Humanin is encoded within the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene, marking it as a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP), a class of peptides believed to mediate inter-organelle communication. This origin positions Humanin uniquely as a potential signaling molecule that may support cellular homeostasis. The peptide's sequence is highly conserved across species, indicating an evolutionarily preserved function. Biochemically, Humanin is characterized by its amphipathic nature, allowing it to interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments. This feature may enable the peptide to cross cellular membranes and interact with intracellular targets, thereby modulating various signaling cascades. Humanin's interaction with specific receptors, including formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) complex, suggests it may trigger intracellular pathways involved in survival and metabolic regulation. Humanin in Mitochondrial Signaling and Cellular Stress Response Mitochondria are crucial regulators of cellular metabolism and apoptotic signaling. It has been hypothesized that Humanin may act as a mitochondrial stress signal, released under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction. This theory posits that the peptide might serve as an adaptive response element, modulating cell fate decisions during stress. In research contexts, Humanin's possible role may be further investigated as a mediator of mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis. Studies suggest that the peptide might support mitochondrial dynamics by interacting with key proteins involved in fission and fusion processes. These processes are essential for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function. Given the centrality of mitochondria in numerous diseases and cellular aging, Humanin may serve as a valuable probe for understanding mitochondrial contributions to pathophysiology and organismal longevity. Potential in cellular aging and Longevity Research Cellular aging is characterized by the progressive decline of cellular and organismal function, with mitochondrial dysfunction playing a prominent role. The discovery of Humanin coincided with investigations into the mitochondrial theory of cellular aging, leading to hypotheses that the peptide might modulate age-associated pathways. Research indicates that Humanin levels may decline over time, suggesting a correlation between peptide abundance and organismal integrity. It has been theorized that Humanin may support cellular resistance to oxidative stress and apoptotic stimuli, both of which escalate during cellular aging. Investigations suggest that Humanin may support the activity of longevity regulators, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin, thereby contributing to metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, Humanin appears to regulate autophagy, a crucial mechanism for cellular waste removal and recycling. 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Furthermore, Humanin's potential role in regulating neuroinflammation offers intriguing possibilities for studying the intersection between mitochondrial signals and immune responses within the central nervous system. The peptide may be utilized as a molecular tool in experimental models to dissect pathways implicated in neuronal survival and degeneration. Metabolic Research and Humanin Peptide Metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity, have increasingly been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired inter-organ communication. It has been hypothesized that Humanin may play a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby supporting systemic metabolic homeostasis. Some investigations suggest that Humanin may modulate insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial bioenergetics, supporting energy balance at the cellular and organismal levels. 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Technological advances in mitochondrial biology, peptide synthesis, and receptor pharmacology may facilitate the development of experimental tools to explore Humanin's activities in greater detail. Additionally, the integration of omics technologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, may provide comprehensive insights into the peptide's support on cellular networks. Conclusion Humanin represents a fascinating intersection of mitochondrial biology, cellular signaling, and organismal physiology. Its properties as a mitochondria-derived peptide position it uniquely as a molecule of interest across multiple research domains, including cellular aging, neurodegeneration, metabolism, cardiovascular science, and immunology. While many aspects of Humanin's function remain hypothetical, ongoing investigations suggest it might serve as a crucial mediator of mitochondrial communication and cellular resilience. Continued exploration of this peptide may not only deepen understanding of mitochondrial roles in science and disease but also unveil novel pathways for scientific inquiry. Visit this website for the best research compounds.
Ammon
5 days ago
- Ammon
Scientists discover a 'super–Earth' planet 35 light years away
Ammon News - It's one of the biggest unanswered questions in science. Are there aliens out there, and if so, where are they hiding? Now, researchers may have taken a huge step towards answering this question. Using NASA's TESS space telescope, a team from Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets has detected a 'super–Earth' 35 light–years away that might be habitable. The planet, called L 98–59 f, is one of five worlds found orbiting a red dwarf star called L 98–59. However, it is the only one with the right conditions to support life. 'Finding a temperate planet in such a compact system makes this discovery particularly exciting,' said Charles Cadieux, lead author of the study. 'It highlights the remarkable diversity of exoplanetary systems and strengthens the case for studying potentially habitable worlds around low–mass stars.' L 98–59 was first discovered in 2019, and was originally confirmed to have just four planets around it. However, by carefully reanalysing data collected from ground–based and space–based telescopes, the team was able to identify a fifth planet. This planet does not transit its host star – meaning it doesn't pass directly between us and the star. However, its presence was confirmed through subtle variations in the star's motion. The scientists believe the planet receives about the same amount of stellar energy as Earth does from the sun. Excitingly, this places it 'firmly' within the habitable zone – a region where water could remain in liquid form. The new study also sheds light on the four other planets orbiting the star.
