Will universe end far earlier than expected?

Time of India

19-05-2025

For most of the past generation, astronomy textbooks treated the cosmos as practically immortal. Students learned that after the last red dwarf flickered out, after the final black hole evaporated, darkness would stretch on for a number written with more than a hundred zeros.
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New research led by a group at Radboud University in the Netherlands asks us to erase most of those zeros. Their calculations show that the universe could finish its drawn-out fade after 'only' ten to the power of seventy-eight years. That still dwarfs every human timescale, yet within cosmology it represents a surprisingly quick goodbye.
The revision starts with
's famous idea that
are not completely black. According to
, they emit tiny amounts of energy, lose mass, and eventually disappear.
The Dutch team wondered whether any extremely dense, gravitationally bound object might share that fate. They applied the same mathematics to white dwarfs, which are the hot, Earth-sized cores that remain when sun-like stars exhaust their fuel. A white dwarf appears solid and inert, but the new paper argues that quantum fluctuations at its surface allow particles to leak away.
Over unimaginableperiodse the entire star would evaporate, just as slowly and inevitably as a lake dries under the desert sun.
Once white dwarfs are allowed to vanish, every late-stage forecast of
must be compressed. Traditional models pictured those stellar remnants cooling into lightless 'black dwarfs' that wander the void forever. Take them out of the script, and the slowest actors exit much earlier, chopping hundreds of orders of magnitude from the final curtain call. Suddenly, the last sparks of matter are gon, not long after the last black hole, and the universe slides into an empty quantum haze with shocking speed—at least by cosmic accounting.
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While theorists digested that prospect, another group studying the large-scale expansion of space introduced a second, equally dramatic possibility. Data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument hint that dark energy, the mysterious force pushing galaxies apart, may itself be fading. If future surveys confirm the trend, the outward rush could eventually stall, reverse, and race toward a catastrophic 'Big Crunch.
' Such a collapse would end everything far sooner than either the black-hole timetable or the newly shortened evaporation clock. The evidence is still thin, but the mere suggestion stirs debate and underscores how fragile our grandest predictions remain.
None of these scenarios changes life on Earth. Our Sun will still swell into a red giant in about five billion years. Long before any deep-time physics matters, continents will shift, oceans will boil, and perhaps our descendants or their machines will have moved elsewhere.
Yet cosmologists care deeply because the ultimate fate of the universe tests whether quantum theory and gravity truly mesh. A single adjustment in the equations can shrink eternity, proving that seemingly untouchable numbers are only as sturdy as the assumptions beneath them.
So, will the cosmos end in a graceful fade after ten to the seventy-eighth years, or will dark energy flip the sign on gravity and pull everything back in a fiery finale? No one knows yet. What the new work makes clear is that our picture of 'forever' is still a draft, and every fresh observation has the power to shorten or lengthen the longest story ever told.