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May 2025 was world's second-hottest on record, says EU climate agency
Last month was Earth's second-warmest May on record - exceeded only by May 2024 - rounding out the northern hemisphere's second-hottest March-May spring on record, the EU's Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) said in a monthly bulletin.
Global surface temperatures last month averaged 1.4 degrees Celsius higher than in the 1850-1900 pre-industrial period, when humans began burning fossil fuels on an industrial scale, C3S said.
That broke a run of extraordinary heat, in which 21 of the last 22 months had an average global temperature exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times - although scientists warned this break was unlikely to last.
"Whilst this may offer a brief respite for the planet, we do expect the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold to be exceeded again in the near future due to the continued warming of the climate system," said C3S director Carlo Buontempo.
The main cause of climate change is greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels. Last year was the planet's hottest on record.
A separate study, published by the World Weather Attribution group of climate scientists on Wednesday, found that human-caused climate change made a record-breaking heatwave in Iceland and Greenland last month about 3C hotter than it otherwise would have been - contributing to a huge additional melting of Greenland's ice sheet.
"Even cold-climate countries are experiencing unprecedented temperatures," said Sarah Kew, study co-author and researcher at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute.
The global threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius is the limit of warming which countries vowed under the Paris climate agreement to try to prevent, to avoid the worst consequences of warming.
The world has not yet technically breached that target - which refers to an average global temperature of 1.5 degrees Celsius over decades.
However, some scientists have said it can no longer realistically be met, and have urged governments to cut CO2 emissions faster, to limit the overshoot and the fuelling of extreme weather.
C3S's records go back to 1940, and are cross-checked with global temperature records going back to 1850.

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The Hindu
3 days ago
- The Hindu
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Hindustan Times
3 days ago
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Business Standard
3 days ago
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Heatwaves in the North Atlantic which began mid-2022 persisted for 525 days with an intensity four times the typical, making it "the longest recorded marine heatwave in the region", the authors said. The southwest Pacific heat event broke records for its expanse and prolonged duration, while unusual temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific peaked at 1.63 degrees Celsius during the onset of El Nino, they said. 'El Nino' is the warm phase of the 'El Nino-Southern Oscillation' (ENSO) natural climate pattern, which involves changes in temperatures and atmospheric pressures in the Pacific Ocean. El Nino is linked with warmer ocean temperatures. The authors, including those from the US' Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, said the marine heatwaves of 2023 were "a global event with a 50-year return period, (with a less than two per cent chance of occurrence)". First author Tianyun Dong, a joint postdoctoral researcher at the Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, and Southern University of Science and Technology in China, told PTI in an email, "Global warming, observed over a long-term and primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has raised the ocean's baseline state, making marine heatwaves increasingly frequent and intense." Further, the trends observed also suggest a "possible indication of an approaching climatic tipping point", the study said. A climate tipping point, potentially a 'point of no return', is related with irreversible, disproportionate health and economic consequences for the world's most vulnerable, such as tropical coral reefs, and ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. "While a full (ocean-climate) system collapse has not occurred, irreversible impacts -- mass coral bleaching in tropical reefs, collapse of key habitats -- are already emerging," Dong said. 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