Texas senate unanimously approves changes to clarify abortion ban's medical exceptions
The unanimous passage of the bill in the GOP-controlled Senate — by a 31-0 vote — marked a rare moment of bipartisanship on an issue that for years has roiled the state Capitol as Texas Republicans have defended one of the nation's most restrictive abortion bans and launched criminal investigations into alleged violations.
Key changes: Clarifying medical exceptions for life-threatening conditions
Under Senate-passed changes, Texas' ban would specify that doctors are allowed to perform an abortion if a patient is experiencing a "life-threatening" condition capable of causing death, and "not necessarily one actively injuring the patient." The bill would also require doctors to receive training on the revised law.
"Since 2021, abortions in Texas have essentially ceased," Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick said in a statement Tuesday. "As a Christian and a conservative, I celebrate that tens of thousands of tiny Texans have been saved and that Texas has led the way in protecting life nationwide. SB 31, which is only designed to provide legal clarity for doctors in rare cases when a mother's life is threatened, is supported by Texas Right to Life, Texas Alliance for Life, and other life groups."
If approved by the state House and signed by Republican Gov. Greg Abbott, the revisions would mark the first time Texas lawmakers have modified language in the near-total abortion ban since it took effect after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022.
"We know there are cases where moms who should have been treated were denied treatment," Republican state Sen. Bryan Hughes said on the floor of the chamber before the vote, urging lawmakers to adopt changes that make the law "crystal clear."
No exceptions for rape or incest
Texas' ban would still have no exception in cases of rape or incest and the law would not spell out specific medical exceptions, which Senate Democrats noted even as they said they would support it and predicted it would save lives.
"I will vote for it, but this policy is no less cruel for being made clear," Democratic state Sen. Sarah Eckhardt said.
Republican lawmakers in Kentucky passed a similar bill in March that added specific medical exceptions to the state's ban, which also prohibits all abortions except in medical emergencies. Last year, South Dakota released an instructional video for doctors to clarify the state's abortion restrictions.
The Texas bill comes following years of the state's abortion ban successfully navigating court challenges and scrutiny from doctors and abortion rights advocates. The advocates say the state's laws are too vague when defining what is considered a "life-threatening condition."
Hughes, who is one of the architects of the state's stringent abortion ban, said he introduced the bill to "remove any doubt" that doctors can perform an abortion when the mother's life is at risk.
Texas law currently prohibits all abortions, including in cases of rape or incest, except in instances to save the life of the mother. Physicians can face up to 99 years in prison and be fined up to $100,000 if they perform an illegal abortion.
Scrutiny and challenges remain
Several women challenged existing medical exceptions under Texas law as too narrow. They called the new legislation a small step in the right direction and would allow doctors to act more urgently. Kaitlyn Kash, who was denied an abortion after experiencing serious pregnancy complications, said at a news conference this month that she was "cautiously optimistic" about the bill.
The Texas Supreme Court in 2024 said that the state's abortion laws were not too vague, ruling against several women who were denied an abortion after experiencing serious pregnancy complications. The Texas Medical Board also declined to list specific medical exceptions allowed under the law.
In March, Texas filed criminal charges against a Houston midwife for allegedly providing illegal abortions, and the state is also suing a New York doctor for prescribing abortion pills to a Texas woman.
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