
Gurugram Metro gets nod to fell 501 more trees; tally now at 1,801 for Phase 1
The latest clearance granted by the state forest department pertains to trees located along the Sector 9–9A road, according to a senior GMDA official. The permission was sought by the Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) on behalf of GMRL last month, the official confirmed.
To be sure, the Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) sought tree-felling permission on behalf of Gurugram Metro Rail Ltd (GMRL), as the affected trees are located along GMDA's master roads. The authority is also serving as the coordinating agency for the execution of the metro project.
In compliance with compensatory afforestation norms, GMRL plans to plant 18,000 trees initially on a dedicated 18-hectare land parcel in Qadarpur village, which has been allotted by the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram (MCG). 'The GMRL board and the metro corporation are very serious about afforestation, and it has been decided from the top that grown-up plants will be planted,' said a senior GMRL official. 'These will be sturdy, native varieties to ensure a high survival rate,' he added.
According to the plantation will be carried out once the land is demarcated and handed over to the GMRL in Kadarpur.
According to officials, the metro project, being executed by GMRL, will link Millennium City Centre with Cyber City through a 29-kilometre loop, also passing through Old Gurugram. The first phase of the project stretches between Millennium City Centre and Sector 9 station.
Officials said planting will begin as soon as the land is demarcated and handed over to the metro authority.
Under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, and the Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022, project proponents must plant 10 trees for every tree felled as part of compensatory afforestation. Based on this rule, GMRL is required to plant 18,010 trees to make up for the 1,801 trees approved for felling in phase one, officials said.
Subash Yadav, Conservator of Forests, South Haryana, confirmed that permission has been granted for tree felling for the metro project. 'Normally, one month is given for felling, but agencies can request more time,' he said. Since the trees are located along GMDA roads, the GMDA will carry out the felling, he added.
'As far as compensatory afforestation is concerned, we will ensure 100% compliance. Adding to the city's green cover is a key priority,' Yadav said. He further clarified that the responsibility for planting and ensuring the survival of these trees lies with the project proponent or the executing agency.
The GMRL has recently appointed a general consultant to assist with project execution. Officials said that the contract for phase one construction is expected to be awarded by the end of July.
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Economic Times
7 hours ago
- Economic Times
Surrogacy abroad: Legal pathways and challenges for Indian couples seeking parenthood beyond borders
Parenthood is a profoundly personal journey, shaped by hope and resilience, but also by legal and societal barriers that affect some individuals. For many Indian couples, including those living abroad, surrogacy is a vital and sometimes the only route to having a child. However, India's surrogacy laws, while aimed at preventing exploitation, remain restrictive. Indian nationals residing in India have limited options to avail of altruistic surrogacy in India, but Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) are compelled to explore surrogacy options in other countries - an endeavour riddled with legal, diplomatic, and ethical complexities. Further, Indian nationals who do not qualify for surrogacy in India also choose other countries that support commercial article examines the legal complexities of surrogacy abroad, utilizing case studies and cross-border legal frameworks for context. India's legal framework: Narrow and exclusionary The legal landscape of surrogacy in India is primarily shaped by the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021, and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021. Key features include: Permits surrogacy only for heterosexual married couples who have been in the marriage for a minimum of five years and can provide medical evidence of infertility. Prohibits commercial surrogacy; only altruistic surrogacy is allowed, and the surrogate must be a close family member of the intending couple. Single individuals, LGBTQ+ persons, foreign nationals, NRIs, and OCIs are excluded. While well-intentioned, these laws fail to reflect the diverse realities of Indian families today. NRIs, even if they hold Indian citizenship, cannot pursue surrogacy in India, leading many to seek options abroad despite steep legal and financial challenges. Despite public and legal advocacy, the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 remains unchanged. Petitions challenging its constitutionality are pending before the Supreme Court, including those filed by LGBTQ+ rights groups, single individuals, and NRI advocacy organisations seeking broader eligibility and less restrictive definitions of family. Ethical debates continue in the UK and EU. Bodies like the Nuffield Council on Bioethics have recommended legal reforms, while UK parental orders remain mandatory post-birth. Legal complexities abroad Surrogacy laws vary widely by country. Some, like Canada and the UK, permit only altruistic arrangements, while others, like certain US states, Mexico, and pre-war Ukraine, allow commercial surrogacy through enforceable contracts. Key legal hurdles include: Establishing parentage: In California, for example, court orders before birth assign parentage to intended parents. In many other countries, this is only possible after birth. In California, for example, court orders before birth assign parentage to intended parents. In many other countries, this is only possible after birth. Indian Citizenship: Under Section 4 of the Citizenship Act, 1955, a child born abroad to an Indian citizen may acquire citizenship by descent, but only if Indian authorities recognize the intended parents' legal status. This recognition often hinges on surrogacy agreements, court orders, birth certificates, and DNA evidence. Challenges at Indian missions Even with complete documentation, Indian missions abroad differ drastically in their approach. While Consulates in Georgia and the U.S. tend to be pragmatic, others demand excessive paperwork or DNA proof, leading to delays or statelessness. In the absence of standardized consular procedures, families may encounter arbitrary and inconsistent demands that delay exit formalities and citizenship issuance. Some destinations that Indian families opt for 1. United States California: Highly regarded for international surrogacy, permits compensated agreements, no residency or citizenship requirement, and issues pre-birth parentage orders. Courts are experienced and supportive. Highly regarded for international surrogacy, permits compensated agreements, no residency or citizenship requirement, and issues pre-birth parentage orders. Courts are experienced and supportive. Illinois: Allows both gestational and traditional surrogacy with parent-friendly laws ensuring enforceable contracts. Allows both gestational and traditional surrogacy with parent-friendly laws ensuring enforceable contracts. Nevada: Offers inclusive surrogacy laws with efficient court orders for intended parents, including foreigners. Offers inclusive surrogacy laws with efficient court orders for intended parents, including foreigners. Connecticut: Provides pre-birth parentage orders and recognizes intended parents regardless of marital status. Provides pre-birth parentage orders and recognizes intended parents regardless of marital status. New Jersey: Allows compensated surrogacy with pre-birth parentage orders; no residency or citizenship requirement. Allows compensated surrogacy with pre-birth parentage orders; no residency or citizenship requirement. Colorado: Progressive surrogacy law that is inclusive of foreign nationals and diverse family structures. Pre-birth orders are routinely granted. Progressive surrogacy law that is inclusive of foreign nationals and diverse family structures. Pre-birth orders are routinely granted. Washington (State): Permits compensated gestational surrogacy with enforceable contracts and supportive court processes. Permits compensated gestational surrogacy with enforceable contracts and supportive court processes. Delaware & New Hampshire: Offer strong legal protections with court-backed parentage recognition; available to foreign nationals. Offer strong legal protections with court-backed parentage recognition; available to foreign nationals. Maine & Vermont: Progressive jurisdictions with reliable procedures for establishing parentage, though less commonly used by Indian families. 2. MexicoLegal nationally since 2021, including for foreigners, LGBTQ+ couples, and single parents. However, implementation varies by state and often requires navigating court petitions or regional inconsistencies. 3. Canada & UK Only altruistic surrogacy is permitted. Legal parentage typically involves court processes and can be prolonged. Compensation beyond reasonable expenses is prohibited. 4. Georgia Previously, it offered affordable commercial surrogacy with transparent legal processes and cooperative Indian consular support, making citizenship and exit formalities smoother for Indian families. However, changes in the law have been passed, though they have not yet been implemented. Hence, it is unclear how the government would treat new cases. 5. Greece Permits altruistic surrogacy for heterosexual married or cohabiting couples with prior court approval. The process is judicially supervised, and intended parents are legally recognized before the birth of the child. While commercial surrogacy is not allowed, reimbursement of expenses is permitted. Indian authorities generally cooperate when documentation is complete and verified as compliant with local laws. 6. Cyprus & Albania Permit surrogacy under conditions such as a required genetic link between the child and at least one intended parent. Indian authorities may mandate DNA testing as part of the exit process. 7. Colombia Inclusive laws for LGBTQ+ and single parents. This jurisdiction is gaining popularity despite legal ambiguity. 8. Kenya Once popular for low-cost surrogacy, it is now generally discouraged due to minimal legal safeguards. Indian missions often advise against applications from children born through surrogacy in Kenya, citing concerns around trafficking and unreliable documentation. Germany and France ban or criminalize surrogacy, making legal recognition difficult. Legal and diplomatic challenges for NRIs NRIs or Non-Resident Indians refers to Indians who reside outside India. Foreign nationals who are registered as Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) are treated on par with NRIs under most Indian regulations: Exclusion from India: Excludes NRIs from accessing surrogacy services within the country. Excludes NRIs from accessing surrogacy services within the country. Inconsistencies among Indian Consular Posts: Lack of clear consular guidelines results in unequal treatment. Lack of clear consular guidelines results in unequal treatment. Conflicting laws: Some countries ban or criminalize surrogacy, making legal recognition difficult even for families that lawfully reside in these countries. Some countries ban or criminalize surrogacy, making legal recognition difficult even for families that lawfully reside in these countries. Financial burden: The cost of international surrogacy, legal representation, and documentation can be overwhelming. For many Indian families, surrogacy abroad is not a luxury but a necessity. Yet without consistent legal and diplomatic support, this journey remains fraught with risk, emotional distress, and financial United States continues to be one of the most reliable destinations, especially in states like California, Illinois, Nevada, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Colorado, which offer strong legal protections, enforceable contracts, pre-birth parentage orders, and cooperative consular processes. These jurisdictions provide smoother pathways for establishing legal parentage and securing Indian citizenship for the child, particularly when genetic linkage is clearly countries such as Greece, Mexico, and Georgia (prior to recent legal changes) have also been attractive options due to relatively predictable legal frameworks and, in some cases, greater affordability or consular India moves towards a more inclusive and practical framework, one that acknowledges evolving definitions of family, protects the rights of all parties involved, and guarantees every child's right to identity and belonging—Indian families will continue to look beyond borders. Parenthood is a universal aspiration, one that should be enabled, not obstructed, by laws or bureaucracy. (Co-authored by Anila K. Sabu, Immigration Executive at LawQuest) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this column are that of the writer. The facts and opinions expressed here do not reflect the views of (Join our ETNRI WhatsApp channel for all the latest updates) Elevate your knowledge and leadership skills at a cost cheaper than your daily tea. The 10-second mystery: Did the Air India crash report hide more than what it revealed? Can Indian IT's 'pyramid' survive the GenAI shake-up? Zee promoters have a new challenge to navigate. And it's not about funding or Sebi probe. The deluge that's cooling oil prices despite the Iran conflict Stock Radar: Natco Pharma stock showing signs of momentum after falling over 30% from highs – what should investors do? In mid-caps, 'just hold' often creates wealth: 10 mid-cap stocks from different sectors with upside potential up to 44% F&O Talk | Foreign outflows, IT drag pull nifty lower; next support at 24,500: Rahul Ghose How to use dividend yield in volatile times: 6 stocks where this strategy has a high chance of giving much better returns
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First Post
9 hours ago
- First Post
Air India crash: Who is on the AAIB team that released the report on Flight AI-171?
All eyes are on the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) after it released its preliminary report on the Air India crash in India's Ahmedabad last month. But what exactly is this agency that is probing the tragedy? Who are the people involved in the investigation? read more Wreckage of Air India's Boeing 787-8 aircraft, which was operating flight AI 171 from Ahmedabad to London, placed under tight security, seen a month after the tragedy, in Ahmedabad. The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) published its preliminary report on the crash on Saturday. PTI The Air India crash in Ahmedabad last month, which resulted in the death of 260 people, has put the spotlight on the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) as it released its preliminary report into the deadly crash on Saturday, July 12. Over the weekend, a five-member expert team, led by 56-year-old Sanjay Kumar Singh, released a 15-page report providing a detailed timeline of Air India flight AI171's final minutes, confirming that both engines shut down seconds after lift-off and that neither pilot acknowledged switching them off. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD The AAIB's preliminary report stated that the fuel switches of the two engines were cut off immediately, with a time gap of one second after take-off. However, the report hasn't been able to determine why the fuel cut-off switches for both engines moved to 'cutoff' in-flight. While questions are still being asked about the report, we move our focus to what exactly is the AAIB and how capable are they of dealing with such situations? Understanding the AAIB The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) is a government agency within the Ministry of Civil Aviation. Its main purpose is to probe aircraft accidents and serious incidents in India's airspace. The agency was set up in 2012 with the purpose of carrying out investigation into accidents, serious incidents and incidents. In fact, the AAIB's mandate is strictly safety-focused: to prevent and not to punish. Incidentally, prior to the formation of the AAIB, probes such as the Air India one, were handled by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), which also regulates airlines. This could result in a bias, which led to the formation of the AAIB. Until date, the AAIB has carried out investigations in over 150 crashes in the country. It also probed the 2020 Kozhikode crash in which 21 people died after the plane overshot the runway. The AAIB's head office is Udaan Bhawan, New Delhi. Image Courtesy: @27saurabhsinha/X But, what are AAIB's functions? The AAIB is tasked to carry out investigations into categories of accidents, serious incidents and incidents. Rule 3 of Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Incidents) Rules, 2017 clearly states that the objective of investigations carried out by the AAIB is prevention of accidents and incidents and not to apportion blame or liability. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD In cases of accidents, the AAIB is responsible for carrying out probes, which includes collecting evidence such as the plane's black boxes, flight data and witness statements. Once this is done, the AAIB then presents a draft report. Once it is consulted and deliberated upon, the final report is made public and published on the official website. The accepted 'Final Investigation Reports' are also forwarded to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the specialised agency of the United Nations, and the states participating in the investigation. The AAIB also publishes safety studies from time to time. The AAIB reports are of significance in the aftermath of a crash or accident. It helps to improve air safety. In fact, recommendations made from previous reports have helped in drafting newer rules, better pilot training and even changes in aircraft design. Who's who in the AAIB team probing Air India crash Following Air India flight AI171's crash in June in Ahmedabad, the AAIB formed a five-member team to probe the incident. Here's who's in the team and who's heading it: 1) Sanjay Kumar Singh: Helming the team investigating the Air India crash is AAIB director director Sanjay Kumar Singh. He has a 15-year experience in aircraft accident investigation and aviation safety. At 56, Singh has managed investigations into 15 accidents or serious incidents and has overseen the classification of at least 300 reported occurrences. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD 2) Jasbir Singh Larhga: Working with the AAIB for a decade, Larhga has been involved in various aircraft accident investigations, including the crash in India's Kozhikode in 2020. He also worked with the DGCA as well as with Pawan Hans and Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. With an experience of over 15 years, Sanjay Kumar Singh, currently serving as director of AAIB, is the head of the team probing the Air India crash. Image Courtesy: LinkedIn 3) Vipin Venu Varakoth: Varakoth is an Assistant Director of Air Safety at DGCA based in Mumbai for more than seven years. He had also served as Air Safety Officer for nearly seven years, according to his LinkedIn profile. 4) Veeraragavan K: An assistant director of air safety at DGCA in Mumbai for close to four years, he has also served as an Air Safety Officer in the national capital for nine years. His LinkedIn page reveals that he also worked as an analysis engineer with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) for a little over a year in Chennai. 5) Vaishnav Vijayakumar: An Air Safety Officer at the DGCA, Vijaykumar has been part of various aircraft accident/incident investigations. 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Hindustan Times
11 hours ago
- Hindustan Times
Gurugram Metro gets nod to fell 501 more trees; tally now at 1,801 for Phase 1
Gurugram Metro Rail Ltd (GMRL) has received permission from the forest department to fell 501 more trees for the construction of the first phase of the Gurugram metro project, bringing the total number of trees approved for felling to 1,801, officials said on Sunday. The trees on the Sector-9/9A road on Sunday. (Parveen Kumar/HT Photo) The latest clearance granted by the state forest department pertains to trees located along the Sector 9–9A road, according to a senior GMDA official. The permission was sought by the Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) on behalf of GMRL last month, the official confirmed. To be sure, the Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) sought tree-felling permission on behalf of Gurugram Metro Rail Ltd (GMRL), as the affected trees are located along GMDA's master roads. The authority is also serving as the coordinating agency for the execution of the metro project. In compliance with compensatory afforestation norms, GMRL plans to plant 18,000 trees initially on a dedicated 18-hectare land parcel in Qadarpur village, which has been allotted by the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram (MCG). 'The GMRL board and the metro corporation are very serious about afforestation, and it has been decided from the top that grown-up plants will be planted,' said a senior GMRL official. 'These will be sturdy, native varieties to ensure a high survival rate,' he added. According to the plantation will be carried out once the land is demarcated and handed over to the GMRL in Kadarpur. According to officials, the metro project, being executed by GMRL, will link Millennium City Centre with Cyber City through a 29-kilometre loop, also passing through Old Gurugram. The first phase of the project stretches between Millennium City Centre and Sector 9 station. Officials said planting will begin as soon as the land is demarcated and handed over to the metro authority. Under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, and the Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022, project proponents must plant 10 trees for every tree felled as part of compensatory afforestation. Based on this rule, GMRL is required to plant 18,010 trees to make up for the 1,801 trees approved for felling in phase one, officials said. Subash Yadav, Conservator of Forests, South Haryana, confirmed that permission has been granted for tree felling for the metro project. 'Normally, one month is given for felling, but agencies can request more time,' he said. Since the trees are located along GMDA roads, the GMDA will carry out the felling, he added. 'As far as compensatory afforestation is concerned, we will ensure 100% compliance. Adding to the city's green cover is a key priority,' Yadav said. He further clarified that the responsibility for planting and ensuring the survival of these trees lies with the project proponent or the executing agency. The GMRL has recently appointed a general consultant to assist with project execution. Officials said that the contract for phase one construction is expected to be awarded by the end of July.