EU unveils long-delayed 2040 climate target with contested flexibilities

LeMonde

a day ago

The European Union on Wednesday, July 2 unveiled its long-delayed target for cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, but with contested new flexibilities built in to win over the most skeptical member states.
After months of tough negotiations with EU member states, Brussels announced it would stick to the objective announced last year of cutting emissions by 90% by 2040, compared to 1990 levels. The proposal comes as much of Europe roasts in an early summer heatwave, which scientists say are becoming more intense, frequent and widespread due to human-induced climate change.
The 2040 target – which needs the sign off from the EU's member states and parliament – is a key milestone toward the bloc's goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2050. Brussels says the EU has cut climate-warming emissions by 37% relative to 1990, but its green agenda faces mounting pushback with a rightward shift and rising climate skepticism in many European countries.
EU climate chief Wopke Hoekstra acknowledged the "sensitive" debate, saying Brussels was keeping an "ambitious" goal while being "pragmatic and flexible on how to achieve it." To sway resistant capitals, the European Commission proposes that from 2036, the bloc's 27 countries can count carbon credits purchased to finance projects outside Europe, for up to 3% of their emission cuts.
Climate groups are fiercely opposed to such a measure. Backed by scientific studies and the commission's own science advisers, they say factoring in international credits – for things like tree-planting or renewable-energy projects – risks undermining the EU's own efforts to shift away from fossil fuels.
'Don't strain ourselves'
EU environment ministers will discuss the objective at a meeting in mid-July, ahead of an expected vote to approve the measures on September 18. It will only become law after EU lawmakers also sign off on the target. The commission's hope is that the 2040 objective will be approved before the UN climate conference (COP30) in November in the northern Brazilian city of Belem. But that gives little time for negotiations with skeptical nations, with whom Hoekstra has already spent months trying to build a compromise.
For some countries, including the Czech Republic, the 90% target is unrealistic. Meanwhile, others including Italy and Hungary worry about the burden of decarbonizing heavy industry at a time when Europe is working to strengthen its industry in the face of fierce competition from the United States and China. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has suggested a target of 80 or 85%, while France has expressed doubts over how the EU will reach its objective. French President Emmanuel Macron wants guarantees for the decarbonization of industry and support for nuclear energy, the largest source of power in France.
But the commission can count on the support of other countries including Spain and Denmark, which took over the rotating EU presidency this week. And the three-percent "flexibility" – which mirrors demands made in the new German government's coalition agreement – should help keep the economic powerhouse on board.
When it comes to Europe's international commitments, Macron has also stressed that the bloc is only bound to present a midway target for 2035 at COP30 in Belem, and not the 2040 objective. "Let's not strain ourselves," Macron told reporters last week. "If we have [a 2040 target] for Belem, great, but if it takes longer, let's take the time," he said.