How to set up a fish tank for beginners

The Citizen

18-06-2025

How to set up a fish tank for beginners
Getting a fish can be a rewarding and calming companion, however it is key to understand what they need in order to be happy and healthy – and it all starts with their tank.
Think of your aquarium as a miniature ecosystem – it needs to be balanced to thrive. Here's a step-by-step guide from Pet Heaven:
Choosing the right tank
Size matters! Consider the adult size of the fish you plan to keep. Overcrowding is a major stressor for fish. Research the specific needs of your chosen species before purchasing a tank.
Location, location, location
Place your tank on a sturdy, level surface, away from direct sunlight, drafts, and loud noises. Direct sunlight can encourage algae growth, while drafts and vibrations can stress your fish.
Setting up your substrate
The substrate is the material that covers the bottom of your tank. Gravel, sand, or specialised aquarium soil are common choices. Rinse the substrate thoroughly before adding it to the tank.
Use the right water
Use dechlorinated tap water or purchase aquarium water specifically designed for fish. Never use soap or detergents in your aquarium. Fill the tank, leaving a small gap at the top.
Adding decorations
Provide hiding places and structures for your fish. Rocks, driftwood, and aquarium-safe ornaments add visual interest and provide a sense of security. Avoid anything with sharp edges that could injure your fish.
Cycling your tank: The nitrogen cycle explained
Before adding any fish, you must establish beneficial bacteria in your tank. These bacteria break down harmful waste products in a process known as the nitrogen cycle. There are three stages you need to know about:
Ammonia Phase – Ammonia (NH3) is released from fish waste, decaying plants, and uneaten food. It is highly toxic to fish and must be managed effectively.
Nitrite Phase – Beneficial bacteria (Nitrosomonas) convert ammonia into nitrites (NO2−), which are still harmful but less toxic.
Nitrate Phase –
Another bacterial group (Nitrospira) transforms nitrites into nitrates (NO3−), which are less harmful and can be managed with regular water changes.
Fish-In vs. Fishless cycling
Fish-In cycling – This traditional method involves introducing fish from the outset. It requires frequent monitoring and water changes to protect the fish from harmful toxins.
Fishless cycling – A more humane approach, this method involves adding ammonia directly to the tank, allowing beneficial bacteria to develop without risking fish health.
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