World Malaria Day 2025: Do you know about cerebral malaria; the deadliest form that affects the brain?
We cannot possibly discuss the harmful effects of malaria without bringing up its deadliest form, that affects the brain cells. Known as cerebral malaria, it occurs when infected red blood cells block small blood vessels in the brain, leading to inflammation, swelling, and damage to brain tissue. In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Praveen Gupta, principal director and chief of neurology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram explained the causes, symptoms and fatality of the disease.
Cerebral malaria is caused by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito carrying P. falciparum. Once in the bloodstream, the parasite multiplies inside red blood cells. In severe cases, these infected cells adhere to the walls of cerebral blood vessels, disrupting blood flow and triggering inflammation.
Symptoms typically develop within 7–10 days of infection. Key signs of cerebral malaria include:
Diagnosis of cerebral malaria involves blood tests to detect malaria parasites, often through microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Brain imaging and lumbar puncture may be used to rule out other neurological conditions like meningitis.
Cerebral malaria is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment with intravenous antimalarial drugs such as artesunate or quinine is crucial. Supportive care, such as managing seizures, fluids, and oxygen, can also improve survival. Patients typically require intensive care. Also read | World Malaria Day 2024: 10 warning signs of the vector-borne disease you must know
Prevention strategies focus on avoiding mosquito bites and controlling the spread of malaria. This includes:
Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
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