
Snow blankets Atacama Desert, the world's driest, in rare weather event
SANTIAGO, June 27 — Residents of the world's driest desert, the Atacama in northern Chile, woke up Thursday to a jaw-dropping spectacle: its famous lunar landscape blanketed in snow.
"INCREDIBLE! The Atacama Desert, the world's most arid, is COVERED IN SNOW," the ALMA observatory, situated 2,900 meters (9,500 feet) above sea level, wrote on X, alongside a video of vast expanses covered in a dusting of white.
The observatory added that while snow is common on the nearby Chajnanator Plateau, situated at over 5,000 meters and where its gigantic telescope is situated, it had not had snow at its main facility in a decade.
University of Santiago climatologist Raul Cordero told AFP that it was too soon to link the snow to climate change but said that climate modelling had shown that "this type of event, meaning precipitation in the Atacama desert, will likely become more frequent."
The Atacama, home to the world's darkest skies, has for decades been the go-to location for the world's most advanced telescopes.
The ALMA telescope, which was developed by the European Southern Observatory, the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is widely recognized as being the most powerful. — AFP
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Malay Mail
2 days ago
- Malay Mail
Snow blankets Atacama Desert, the world's driest, in rare weather event
SANTIAGO, June 27 — Residents of the world's driest desert, the Atacama in northern Chile, woke up Thursday to a jaw-dropping spectacle: its famous lunar landscape blanketed in snow. "INCREDIBLE! The Atacama Desert, the world's most arid, is COVERED IN SNOW," the ALMA observatory, situated 2,900 meters (9,500 feet) above sea level, wrote on X, alongside a video of vast expanses covered in a dusting of white. The observatory added that while snow is common on the nearby Chajnanator Plateau, situated at over 5,000 meters and where its gigantic telescope is situated, it had not had snow at its main facility in a decade. University of Santiago climatologist Raul Cordero told AFP that it was too soon to link the snow to climate change but said that climate modelling had shown that "this type of event, meaning precipitation in the Atacama desert, will likely become more frequent." The Atacama, home to the world's darkest skies, has for decades been the go-to location for the world's most advanced telescopes. The ALMA telescope, which was developed by the European Southern Observatory, the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is widely recognized as being the most powerful. — AFP


Free Malaysia Today
4 days ago
- Free Malaysia Today
Vera Rubin observatory reveals stunning first images
The first images of deep space captured by the Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile are revealed in Santiago. (AFP pic) WASHINGTON : Breathtaking stellar nurseries, a sprawling stretch of cosmos teeming with millions of galaxies, and thousands of newly discovered asteroids were revealed Monday in the first deep space images captured by the Vera C Rubin Observatory in Chile. More than two decades in the making, the US$800 million US-funded telescope sits atop Cerro Pachon in central Chile, where dark skies and dry air provide ideal conditions for observing the cosmos. One debut image is a composite of 678 exposures taken over seven hours, capturing the Trifid and Lagoon Nebulae – both several thousand light-years from Earth – glowing in vivid pinks against orange-red backdrops. It reveals these birth places of stars in unprecedented detail, with previously faint or invisible features now clearly visible. Another, dubbed 'The Cosmic Treasure Chest,' shows the universe 'teeming with stars and galaxies – the seemingly empty black pockets of space between stars in the night sky when you look at it with unaided eyes, are transformed here into these glittering tapestries,' said Zeljko Ivezic, director of Rubin construction. Spiral, elliptical, and clustered galaxies appear in vivid reds, blues, and oranges. These colours reveal key details such as distance and size with unmatched precision, helping scientists better understand the universe's expansion history. The colours don't directly match what the naked eye would see, explained scientist Federica Bianco, since the telescope captures a far broader range of wavelengths. Instead, they are representational: infrared is mapped to red to represent cooler objects, while ultraviolet is mapped to blue and indicates warmer ones. 10-year flagship project An interactive version of the image is now available on the Rubin Observatory's website. 'One of the things that is very fun is that if you zoom in and you look at one of the fuzzy galaxies there, you might be the first person to be paying attention to that fuzzy blob,' said Clare Higgs, education and public outreach science lead. The observatory features an advanced 8.4-metre telescope and the largest digital camera ever built, supported by a powerful data system transferring 20 terabytes each night. Roughly the size of a car, the camera captures 3,200-megapixel images. It would take 400 ultra-high-definition televisions stacked together to view a single Rubin image at full resolution. Later this year, the observatory will launch its flagship project, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Over the next decade, it will scan the night sky nightly, detecting even the subtlest changes with unmatched precision. Named after pioneering American astronomer Vera C. Rubin – whose research provided the first conclusive evidence for dark matter – the observatory continues her legacy by making dark matter a central focus of its mission. Dark energy, an equally mysterious and immensely powerful force, is believed to drive the accelerating expansion of the universe. Together, dark matter and dark energy are thought to make up 95% of the cosmos, yet their true nature remains unknown. 'By observing up to 20 billion galaxies, we'll study how light from those distant galaxies has reached us – and nearly every galaxy's light has been bent by the gravitational interaction of dark matter that pervades the universe,' said scientist Aaron Roodman. This, he added, will help illuminate these cosmic mysteries. A joint initiative of the US National Science Foundation and Department of Energy, the observatory is also considered one of the most powerful tools ever built for planetary defence. In just 10 hours of observation, Rubin discovered 2,104 previously unknown asteroids in our solar system, including seven near-Earth objects – none of which pose a threat. All other ground- and space-based observatories combined discover about 20,000 new asteroids per year. Chilean pride Chile hosts telescopes from more than 30 countries, including some of the most advanced astronomical instruments in the world – among them the ALMA Observatory, the most powerful radio telescope on Earth. Cerro Tololo Observatory helped achieve the landmark discovery of the universe's accelerating expansion – a breakthrough that earned the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. Another major project, the Extremely Large Telescope, is slated to begin operations in 2027 and promises to probe previously unreachable cosmic distances.


Malay Mail
4 days ago
- Malay Mail
Rock on: How crushed stone could help fight climate change
BANGKOK, June 25 — From sugar plantations in Brazil to tea estates in India, crushed rock is being sprinkled across large stretches of farmland globally in a novel bid to combat climate change. The technique is called Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) and aims to speed up the natural capture and storage of carbon dioxide—a planet-warming greenhouse gas. It is potentially big business with tech giants, airlines and fast fashion firms lining up to buy carbon credits from ERW projects to 'offset' or cancel out their own emissions. What is ERW? ERW aims to turbocharge a natural geological process called weathering. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks by carbonic acid, which forms when carbon dioxide in the air or soil dissolves into water. Weathering occurs naturally when rain falls on rocks, and the process can lock away carbon dioxide from the air or soil as bicarbonate, and eventually limestone. ERW speeds the process up by using quick-weathering rocks like basalt that are ground finely to increase their surface area. How effective is ERW? ERW is still a fairly new technology and there are questions about how much carbon it can remove. One US study found applying 50 tonnes of basalt to a hectare of land each year could remove up to 10.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide per hectare over a four-year period. But scientists applying basalt to oil palm fields in Malaysia and sugarcane fields in Australia measured much lower removal rates. 'Field trials are showing that there have been overestimates of the amount and rate captured,' said Paul Nelson, a soil scientist at James Cook University who has studied ERW. Rates depend on variables including rock type and size, how wet and hot the climate is, soil type and land management. And measuring the carbon captured is difficult. The most popular technique measures 'cations', positively charged ions that are released from the rock during weathering. But those cations are produced regardless of which acid the rock has reacted with. 'If there are stronger acids than carbonic, then it will react with those,' said Nelson, so measurable cations are produced even when carbon dioxide is not captured. That doesn't mean ERW is pointless, said Wolfram Buss, a researcher on carbon dioxide removal at the Australian National University, just that it needs to be carefully calibrated and measured. 'There is no doubt that this technique works,' he said. 'However, to be sure how much carbon dioxide we actually remove, more funding is required to do fundamental studies.' Are there other benefits? The added rock increases soil alkalinity, which can boost crop growth, soil nutrients and soil formation. Basalt is both naturally abundant and often available as a byproduct of quarrying, lowering the costs of the process. Experts note that even if the rock reacts with other acids in the soil, failing to lock away carbon dioxide at that stage, it can still have planetary benefits. That is because acids in the soil would otherwise eventually wash into rivers and the sea, where acidification leads to the release of carbon dioxide. If the rock neutralises that acid in the soil, 'you've prevented carbon dioxide being released from the water into the atmosphere downstream', said Nelson. The scale of those possible 'prevented' emissions is not yet clear, however. What are the risks? ERW is broadly considered safe since it merely speeds up an existing natural process. However, some quick-weathering rocks have high levels of potentially poisonous heavy metals. Scattering finely ground rock also requires appropriate protective gear for those involved. But the main risk is that incorrect measurements overestimate captured carbon. Some projects are already selling carbon credits from ERW. If a company buys an ERW credit to 'offset' its emissions but the process captures less than projected, it could result in net higher carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere. Where is ERW being done? Projects are happening in most parts of the world, including Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia. Earlier this year, a project in Brazil announced it had delivered the first-ever verified carbon-removal credits from an ERW project. The process is being used or trialled in agricultural settings from tea plantations in India's Darjeeling to US soy and maize fields. What investor interest is there? An ERW startup—Mati Carbon, working in India—won the $50 million X Prize for carbon removal projects earlier this year. In December, Google announced what was then the world's biggest ERW deal, for 200,000 tons of carbon removal credits, to be delivered by the early 2030s by startup Terradot. The cost of the deal was not disclosed but a separate agreement by Terradot with a company representing firms including H&M sold 90,000 tons for US$27 million. — AFP