Economic Watch: ASEAN sees necessity to expand LCS to enhance integration, prevent external risks
Adopted by the 46th ASEAN Summit, the ASEAN Economic Community Strategic Plan 2026-2030 pledged that ASEAN will "promote the use of local currencies to reduce the region's vulnerability to exchange rate fluctuations and external economic and financial shocks, and to lower transaction costs associated with cross-border payments."
FAST STEPS FORWARD
In 2021, Thailand and Singapore linked their fast payment systems, a pioneering move allowing people to make real-time, low-cost mobile payments using just the recipient's phone number.
In 2023, ASEAN leaders adopted the declaration on advancing regional payment connectivity and promoting local currency transactions, eyeing leveraging local currencies for cross-border payments and establishing a task force to develop an ASEAN local currency transaction framework.
Since then, progress by 2025 has been both significant and tangible, particularly through the Regional Payment Connectivity (RPC) initiative, said Tasawan Khao-uppatum, a senior researcher at Kasikorn Research Center in Thailand.
The RPC has rapidly expanded from five founding central banks in 2022 to nine ASEAN members by 2025, and it aims to build seamless regional payment systems through cross-border QR code payments, especially for tourism and retail, and account-to-account transfers that enhance financial inclusion, particularly for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Tasawan said.
Now, many national systems have already been linked, including Thailand's PromptPay, Indonesia's QRIS, Singapore's PayNow, Malaysia's DuitNow, and full ASEAN-wide interoperability is expected by the end of 2025, according to the expert.
"In practice, Thai consumers can now use QR code payments abroad in countries such as Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and some other places. Additionally, cross-border transfers with Singapore can now be done using mobile phone numbers."
ENHANCE REGIONAL INTEGRATION
As intra-regional trade is rapidly growing, promoting LCS through the QR code-based payment systems simplifies transactions for tourists, expatriates and small businesses, promotes financial inclusion, and boosts local economic development. SMEs can use the system to conduct international trade with lower transaction costs. In ASEAN, the adoption rate of digital payments, especially QR code payments, has grown significantly.
Mohammad Faisal, executive director at the Center of Reform on Economics Indonesia, said that for Indonesia, cooperation in the implementation of local currency transactions has started since 2017 with Thailand and then followed by several other countries including Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, and China.
Faster and more interoperable payment systems support seamless trade, investment, and tourism flows within the ASEAN bloc, said Tasawan, adding that in 2024, 25 percent of Thailand's exports were settled in local currency Thai baht, up from 14 percent in 2010.
"For instance, the growth of cross-border QR payment systems makes it easier for Thai tourists to spend abroad, particularly within ASEAN. The number of Thai travelers to ASEAN countries increased from 4.5 million in 2013 to 6.7 million in 2023. Likewise, the number of ASEAN tourists entering Thailand rose from 7.38 million in 2014 to 10.6 million in 2024," said Tasawan.
Vice President of National Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Brunei Darussalam Haji Halim Saim said the LCS will enhance trade and investment as well as economic activities in ASEAN region and boost ties with financial institutions.
MITIGATE EXTERNAL RISKS
Analysts also believe that ASEAN's push for a framework for trading in local currencies will enhance its resilience -- by promoting financial integration and the use of local currencies, ASEAN aims to avoid the volatility in global financial markets and possible disruptions caused by geopolitical events.
Referring to the change of U.S. interest rate in the past years, Faisal said that every policy that comes from the United States related to monetary policy often greatly affects the emerging countries, including ASEAN, because of the large use of the U.S. dollar by ASEAN countries' trade. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce dependency on the U.S. dollar to make the ASEAN currencies more stable.
The benefit of building regional payment connectivity for ASEAN is to make the ASEAN currencies more stable, stronger and more resilient against external shocks or changes in the global economy. It can also encourage an increase in intra-ASEAN trade and investment, Faisal added.
By settling trade in local currencies, emerging markets aim to reduce their exposure to exchange rate volatility and external monetary shocks stemming from advanced economies' policy shifts, said Tasawan, adding that this trend signals a decentralization of global financial power -- moving away from a reliance on the U.S. dollar and toward a more balanced system where multiple currencies play significant roles regionally and globally.
Experts suggest that by decreasing dependence on the U.S. dollar, ASEAN can gain greater control over its economic future and lessen its susceptibility to U.S. monetary policy.
The growing trend of emerging markets shifting to local currency settlements in international trade reflects their increasing needs and awareness to have a more stable global economy and a more balanced global economic order, Faisal said.
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