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India's first woman naval fighter pilot begins Mig-29K training as navy expands carrier air power with Rafale-M deal

India's first woman naval fighter pilot begins Mig-29K training as navy expands carrier air power with Rafale-M deal

Time of India4 hours ago
First female Indian navy fighter pilot
— indiannavy (@indiannavy)
Advanced Carrier-Based Training Ahead
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India Expands Naval Aviation Capabilities
Defence Ministry Clears Key Naval Projects Worth Thousands of Crores
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Sub-Lieutenant Aastha Poonia is set to become the Indian Navy 's first woman fighter pilot, beginning her final year of training that will qualify her to operate MiG-29K fighter jets from aircraft carriers at sea.Sub-Lt Poonia, in her early 20s, was awarded the "Wings of Gold" alongside Lieutenant Atul Kumar Dhull after completing transitional fighter training on Hawk advanced jet trainers at INS Dega in Visakhapatnam. The course included rigorous instruction in combat manoeuvres, marking a significant step toward operational readiness.'Sub-Lt Poonia has become the first woman to be streamed into the fighter stream of naval aviation, shattering barriers and paving the way for a new era of women fighter pilots in the Navy,' a naval officer said to TOI.Her upcoming training phase will include extensive sorties on aircraft that simulate carrier-based operations , including take-offs from a ski-jump that mimics the flight deck of an aircraft carrier. Upon completion, she will be qualified to operate the MiG-29K, the Navy's primary carrier-based fighter aircraft.The development follows the Indian Air Force's induction of over 20 women fighter pilots and reflects the ongoing integration of women into frontline combat roles across the armed forces.The Indian Navy currently operates 45 Russian-origin MiG-29K aircraft for carrier-based operations. These aircraft are deployed aboard India's two aircraft carriers—INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant. To augment this capability, the Indian government signed a deal in April to procure 26 Dassault Rafale Marine aircraft at an estimated cost of ₹64,000 crore. These jets are intended to enhance India's maritime strike potential until the indigenous Twin Engine Deck-Based Fighter (TEDBF) becomes operational. According to current timelines, TEDBF is still nearly a decade away from induction.In a major boost to naval capabilities, the Ministry of Defence has cleared several new projects, the largest being the indigenous construction of 12 Mine Countermeasure Vessels (MCMVs), estimated to cost ₹44,000 crore. According to official sources quoted by TOI, construction of the 900–1,000-tonne ships is expected to take about ten years. Each vessel will be equipped to detect and neutralise underwater mines that pose threats to shipping lanes and ports.The Ministry has also approved the procurement of semi-submersible autonomous vessels designed for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). These platforms will be developed under the Make-II category, meaning they will be built by private industry without upfront government funding.Two additional projects cleared include the acquisition of Super Rapid Gun Mounts (SRGMs)—76mm main guns used on naval surface vessels—and DRDO-designed moored naval mines capable of being triggered by acoustic, magnetic, or pressure signals when enemy vessels pass nearby.(With inputs from TOI)
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Cook like a pro with these top 10 electric ovens for baking and cooking at home
Cook like a pro with these top 10 electric ovens for baking and cooking at home

Hindustan Times

time25 minutes ago

  • Hindustan Times

Cook like a pro with these top 10 electric ovens for baking and cooking at home

Electric ovens are gaining popularity in Indian homes for their convenience and multi-functionality. They allow you to bake, toast, roast, and grill without the need for separate appliances. If you are searching for the best electric oven for home use, several models are available with features like temperature control, timers, and even rotisserie cooking. Many of the top 10 electric oven choices include compact designs that fit well in modern kitchens. These ovens are ideal for preparing everyday meals, festive treats, or weekend snacks. Explore the top 10 electric ovens from trusted brands With consistent heating and simple controls, they help save cooking time and energy. Some models come with convection technology or air fryer modes, making them suitable for those looking to reduce oil usage. Whether you are a seasoned cook or just starting out, using an electric oven makes it easier to prepare a variety of dishes. It is one appliance that adds great value to your kitchen. Loading Suggestions... Compact, efficient, and easy to use, the AGARO Marvel 9L is perfect for small kitchens and daily cooking tasks. Be it toasting bread, baking cookies, or grilling vegetables, this electric oven for home use delivers consistent results. It features a temperature range from 100°C to 250°C, a 30-minute timer, and a ready bell. This is one of the top 10 electric ovens for individuals or couples looking for affordable and reliable performance. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 9 litres Wattage 800 Watts Dimensions 34.3 x 26.3 x 21.3 cm Reasons to buy Affordable and compact Easy to clean Reasons to avoid Limited capacity Click Here to Buy AGARO Marvel 9L Oven Toaster Griller, Cake Baking, Grilling, Toasting, OTG, 800 Watts, (Black). What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers like this for its compact size, simple controls, and consistent results with toast, sandwiches, and small bakes. Why choose this product? Pick this for its simplicity, value for money, and compact form suitable for basic home baking and grilling. Loading Suggestions... With six heating modes, the Glen 25L OTG is one of the best electric ovens for families looking to bake, grill, or roast. It includes a rotisserie for juicy meats, a 60-minute timer, adjustable temperature, and an oven light for better visibility. Its ergonomic knobs and removable crumb tray make operation and cleaning effortless. This electric oven for home use is a worthy pick in the top 10 electric ovens for versatility and reliability. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 25 litres Power 1700 Watts Dimensions 33 x 43 x 50 cm Reasons to buy Multiple heating modes Built-in rotisserie Reasons to avoid Ceramic body needs careful handling Click Here to Buy Glen Multi-Function OTG for Kitchen, 25 Litre, 1700W, Oven Toaster Griller with 6 Heating Modes, Adjustable Temperature & Timer, Rotisserie, Bake, Grill & Toast, Oven for Baking - Black (SA5025R) What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers highlight the oven's reliable performance, good build quality, and rotisserie feature as great for weekend meals. Why choose this product? Opt for this if you want multifunctional cooking, user-friendly features, and ample space for home-style dishes. Loading Suggestions... Create kitchen magic with the Wonderchef 19-litre OTG. This 1280-watt electric oven for home use is designed to effortlessly bake delicious cakes, crisp up pizzas, or perfectly grill vegetables. Its top and bottom stainless steel heating elements ensure even cooking and browning. Plus, the auto-shut off timer with a ready bell means perfectly cooked food every time. This electric oven is a reliable choice for consistent, delightful culinary results. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 19 litres Power 1280 Watts Dimensions 33.7 x 47.5 x 35.5 cm Reasons to buy Stylish and compact Uniform heating with dual elements Reasons to avoid Not suitable for large batches Click Here to Buy Wonderchef Oven Toaster Griller (OTG) - 19 litres, Black - with Auto-Shut Off, Heat-Resistant Tempered Glass, Multi-Stage Heat Selection | Bake, Grill, Roast | Easy clean What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers prefer this model for baking cakes, reheating, and daily grilling with good performance and minimal fuss. Why choose this product? Choose this for safe, efficient cooking and a compact size that fits in most Indian kitchens. Loading Suggestions... If you need a powerful electric oven for big meals, the Faber 60L OTG fits the bill. It offers upper and lower heating, rotisserie, convection, and 360° heat circulation. It handles everything from breads to tandoori dishes with ease. With a 60-minute timer, cool-touch handle, and interior light, this is one of the best electric ovens for large households. Its stainless-steel build and advanced heating make it a feature-rich option among top 10 electric ovens. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 60 litres Power 2200 Watts Dimensions 58.3 x 49.2 x 37.8 cm Reasons to buy Large 60L capacity Even heat distribution Reasons to avoid Bulky for small kitchens Click Here to Buy Faber 60L 1600W OTG | Bake, Toast, Roast, Grill | 4 Heating Functions, Upper & Lower Heating, Rottisserie, 360° Convection| Indicator Light, Auto Shut-Off, Ready Bell | Removable Crumb Tray | (Black) What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers highlight its size, consistent baking results, and multiple heating options for serious cooking. Why choose this product? Go for this if you need a large OTG that can bake, roast, and grill all in one. Loading Suggestions... The 50-litre iBELL OTG is designed for serious home chefs who want speed, capacity, and precision. It features a convection fan, motorised rotisserie, and five heating modes to suit various dishes. Its 2000W power ensures fast and even cooking. From roasting meats to baking desserts, this electric oven for home use is one of the top 10 electric ovens that delivers big on functionality for bigger families. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 50 litres Power 2000 Watts Material Stainless Steel Reasons to buy Powerful 2000W heating Healthier cooking with fat draining rotisserie Reasons to avoid Not ideal for small kitchens Click Here to Buy iBELL Eo50Lgdlx Otg 50 Litre,Convection Oven Toaster Griller With Motorized Rotisserie,5 Heating Modes,2000 Watt (Black),2000 Watts,50 Liter What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers like this for its powerful heating, large size, and performance in roasting and baking big portions. Why choose this product? Pick this for spacious cooking, even heat, and excellent results with grilled, roasted, and baked items. Loading Suggestions... The Glen 35L OTG is perfect for everyday kitchen tasks with added convenience of convection and rotisserie. With six advanced heating modes and turbo convection fan, it ensures uniform cooking. It comes with a complete accessory set and ergonomic knobs for easy operation. This electric oven for home use is one of the top 10 electric ovens thanks to its cooking flexibility and solid build for medium-sized families. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 35 litres Power 2100W Material Ceramic Dimensions 39.3 x 52 x 33 cm Reasons to buy Includes convection and rotisserie Even heat distribution Reasons to avoid Ceramic material may need careful handling Click Here to Buy Glen Multi-Function OTG for Kitchen 35 Litre, 2100W, Oven Toaster Griller with 6 Heating Modes, Rotisserie, Convection Fan, Temp. Control, Bake, Grill & Toast, Oven for Baking - Black (SA5035BLRC) What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers highlight its quiet operation, heating options, and good quality accessories included in the box. Why choose this product? Opt for this if you want flexibility, performance, and added value through features like convection and rotisserie. Loading Suggestions... The Longway Royal Plus 12 Ltr OTG is your compact kitchen appliance for everyday cooking. This 800-watt electric oven handles essential tasks like baking small pizzas, grilling tikkas, and toasting bread with ease. Its straightforward temperature and timer controls, combined with a heat-resistant handle, make it simple and safe to use. For those seeking a no-frills, efficient electric oven for home use, this model delivers practicality and one of the top 10 electric ovens for those with limited kitchen space looking for everyday utility. Specifications Colour Silver Capacity 12 litres Power 800W Dimensions 42.5 x 28 x 24.5 cm Reasons to buy Lightweight and portable Budget-friendly Reasons to avoid No rotisserie or convection Click Here to Buy Longway Royal Plus OTG 12 Ltr Oven Toaster Griller with Multiple Heating Modes | Temperature Timer Control for Baking Pizza, Cake, Grilling Chicken & Toasting Bread | 1 Year Warranty (800W, Silver) What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers prefer this for light daily use like making sandwiches, heating snacks, or toasting. Why choose this product? Pick this if you want an affordable, no-fuss OTG for basic cooking and reheating. Loading Suggestions... Combining air frying and OTG functions, the AGARO Elite 14.5L is a smart, multi-functional electric oven for home use. With 16 preset menus, 3 heating modes, and a digital display, it's great for health-conscious users. It uses 360° hot air technology for even cooking. This isn't just an electric oven for home use, it's a smart, all-in-one cooking solution designed for healthy and varied meals. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 14.5 litres Power 1700W Dimensions 36 x 33 x 38 cm Reasons to buy Combines OTG and air fryer Digital display with presets Reasons to avoid Digital panel needs careful handling Higher price bracket Click Here to Buy AGARO Elite Air Fryer For Home,14.5L,Rotisserie Convection Oven,1700 watts,Electric Oven,16 Preset Menus,Digital Display,Touch Control,Bake,Roast,Toast,Defrost,Dehydrate,Keep Warm,Dark Grey,14.5 Liter What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers like its all-in-one use, fast cooking, and ease of operation through the preset menu. Why choose this product? Choose this for healthier air-fried food along with the flexibility of baking and roasting in one device. Loading Suggestions... The iBELL 25L OTG is designed with multiple heating options and a rotisserie function for reliable home cooking. It's compact yet offers solid capacity and power for baking, toasting, and grilling. With features like a timer, thermostat, and inner light, this is a practical electric oven for home use. If you're browsing the top 10 electric ovens under a budget, this one fits the bill with good value and performance. Specifications Colour Black Capacity 25 litres Power 1600W Dimensions 28 x 46 x 30 cm Reasons to buy Rotisserie included Compact yet spacious Reasons to avoid Limited advanced features Click Here to Buy iBELL Ibleo25Lgnew 25 Liters Electric Oven Toaster Grill Otg With Rotisserie, Black, 1600 Watts What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers highlight its easy operation, consistent results, and rotisserie for weekend meals. Why choose this product? Select this for balanced performance, handy features, and an affordable price with essential functions. Loading Suggestions... The Ariete Bon Cuisine 300 is a stylish and practical 30L electric oven for home use. With 1500W of power and a durable aluminium body, this electric oven is a blend of functionality and power, perfect for bringing delicious, perfectly cooked dishes to your table every day. From baked goods to savory roasts, its high-strength double glass ensures durability and consistent results. For those who appreciate classic design and dependable performance, this model is a charming and capable choice. Specifications Colour Grey Capacity 30 litres Power 1500W Dimensions 50 x 36.5 x 33 cm Reasons to buy Sturdy build quality Suitable for many recipes Reasons to avoid High initial cost Click Here to Buy Ariete Bon Cuisine 300 Electric Oven, 30 Liters, 1.5 W, 35.5X30.5X27.5 Cm, ​​Gray What are buyers saying on Amazon? Buyers highlight the premium finish, steady performance, and great results with baked goods. Why choose this product? Pick this for quality construction, European design, and daily cooking efficiency in a mid-size oven. Is an electric oven good for Indian cooking? Yes, the best electric oven works well for Indian cooking. You can bake naan, toast sandwiches, roast tikkas, and cook vegetables or meats evenly. Many top 10 electric ovens also support rotisserie cooking and come with heat control that suits a variety of Indian recipes. What size electric oven is best for home use? For regular home use, an electric oven with 18 to 35 litres capacity is usually enough. Smaller families or individuals can go for 9 to 19 litres. Larger households can opt for 50 to 60 litres. The top 10 electric ovens offer multiple size options with smart features. Can I bake cakes and pizzas in an electric oven? Yes, you can easily bake cakes, pizzas, muffins, and cookies in a good electric oven. Most electric ovens for home use have adjustable temperature and heating elements to suit baking needs. Choose one with top and bottom heating for best results in baking soft and evenly cooked food. Factors to consider before buying the top 10 electric oven: Capacity : Choose based on family size (9L–19L for small, 25L–60L for medium to large families). : Choose based on family size (9L–19L for small, 25L–60L for medium to large families). Power/Wattage : Higher wattage means faster cooking. : Higher wattage means faster cooking. Cooking Functions : Look for bake, grill, toast, rotisserie, and convection. : Look for bake, grill, toast, rotisserie, and convection. Controls : Choose between digital touch panels or manual knobs. : Choose between digital touch panels or manual knobs. Build Material : Stainless steel interiors are durable and heat-efficient. : Stainless steel interiors are durable and heat-efficient. Temperature Range : A wider range (100°C–250°C) supports more recipes. : A wider range (100°C–250°C) supports more recipes. Safety Features : Auto shut-off, cool-touch handle, and heat-resistant glass are important. : Auto shut-off, cool-touch handle, and heat-resistant glass are important. Accessories: Baking trays, grill racks, and rotisserie sets add convenience. Top 3 features of the top 10 electric oven: Best electric oven Wattage Material Special features AGARO Marvel 9L Oven 800 watts Alloy Steel 3.4 kg Glen Multi-Function OTG for Kitchen 1700 watts Ceramic 12 Kg Wonderchef Oven Toaster Griller 1280 watts Stainless Steel 5.6 Kg Faber 60L 1600W OTG 2200 watts Stainless Steel 12 Kg iBELL Eo50Lgdlx Otg NA Stainless Steel 11 Kg Glen Multi-Function OTG for Kitchen 2100 watts Ceramic 12 Kg Longway Royal Plus OTG 800 watts Stainless Steel 4.1 Kg AGARO Elite Air Fryer For Home 1700 watts Stainless Steel 10 Kg iBELL Ibleo25Lgnew 25 Liters Electric Oven 1600 watts Iron 6.91 Kg Ariete Bon Cuisine 300 Electric Oven 1500 watts Aluminium 7.6 Kg Similar articles for you: Best Bosch built-in ovens in 2025 with steam, convection, and grill features for serious home chefs Best ovens for baking in 2025: Top 10 choices for perfect cakes, cookies, and grilled dishes at home Best ovens for modular kitchen: 10 smart convection ovens with auto menus and health-focused tech for flawless cooking Best microwave ovens in India in April 2025 with top 10 picks for quick cooking, easy reheating and everyday convenience FAQs on best electric oven Does an electric oven need preheating? Yes, preheating ensures even cooking and better baking results. Are electric ovens safe to use? Most models come with auto shut-off and heat-resistant doors, making them safe for home use. Do electric ovens consume a lot of electricity? Power usage depends on capacity and cooking time. Smaller ovens consume less. Do all electric ovens have convection features? No, only some models include convection for faster, even cooking. Disclaimer: At Hindustan Times, we help you stay up-to-date with the latest trends and products. Hindustan Times has an affiliate partnership, so we may get a part of the revenue when you make a purchase. We shall not be liable for any claim under applicable laws, including but not limited to the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, with respect to the products. The products listed in this article are in no particular order of priority.

Like most great love stories, the mango is all about pining
Like most great love stories, the mango is all about pining

Mint

time43 minutes ago

  • Mint

Like most great love stories, the mango is all about pining

My friend N turned out to be a mango smuggler. His family owned a mango orchard in Tamil Nadu. The Imam Pasand mangoes from that orchard were the stuff of family legend. But N rarely got a taste of the mangoes in their prime. For an Indian immigrant in the US, fresh mangoes from home were forbidden fruit. Mangoes from India, like most agricultural products from abroad, were strictly banned in the US. One year while visiting home, N was unable to resist the temptation. He buried some not-quite-ripe mangoes deep inside his hand luggage. But over the course of the long transcontinental flight from India, they slowly ripened in the overhead compartment of the aircraft. When he landed in the US, his heart was thudding. He said he was convinced that every customs agent and their sniffer dogs would surely zero in on him and his contraband cargo. It wasn't quite a case of exploding mangoes but close enough. Also read: My mother, the family's memory-keeper The mango has always been the ultimate distillation of desi immigrant nostalgia in one fruit. Because Indian mangoes were long barred from the US, desi immigrants had to make do with Filipino and Mexican pretenders while dreaming of Alphonsos, Himsagars and Langdas ripening in orchards back home. It was the 2008 US-India nuclear deal that finally resulted in an Indian mango detente. President George W. Bush warmed many Indian hearts when he said, 'The United States is looking forward to eating Indian mangoes." The shrink-wrapped mango with stickers proclaiming 'Treated by Irradiation" (to eliminate pests and increase shelf life) is a far cry from the mango summers of India when pyramids of the golden, red and green fruit pile up in the markets, ripening slowly in the muggy heat. Only one or two varieties were cleared for import, like the Alphonso, from a country that boasted of some 1,500 kinds of mangoes. But the irradiated pricey mango, had finally been offered a pathway to legal immigration, was the symbol of a changing world. As well as India's growing soft power. I remember going down to my local Indian grocery store in Silicon Valley and seeing the first sealed boxes of 'legal" Alphonsos. I had to buy a whole box, at a hefty price; there was no picking and choosing, no pressing the flesh to test the ripeness. I worried if irradiated and healthy, the freshly naturalised mango might also have had their lifeblood zapped out them along with every potential bug. But at least it was better than trying to relive the taste of Indian mangoes through a dented tin of mango pulp from the local Indian supermarket. That mango mazaa American story hit a roadblock recently. In May, 15 shipments of Indian mangoes were rejected by US authorities at ports of entry like San Francisco, Los Angeles and Atlanta. After getting irradiated, mangoes need to procure a Form PPQ 203 to comply with agricultural requirements for entry into the US. The mangoes were irradiated, but USDA (US department of agriculture) claimed the PPQ 203 was 'incorrectly issued"—apparently a case of mangoes that did not mind their P's and Q's. The exporters argued otherwise, but $500,000 worth of mangoes were dumped at the border anyway. The spurned shipments of mango now begged the question—is there still room for Indian mangoes in MAGA America? A friend quipped that America barring the mango from India while the US President warns Apple not to go to India shows we are living in a time of strange fruit indeed. As Billie Holiday sang, 'Here is a strange and bitter crop." At one time, for generations of South Asian immigrants, the mango was a symbol of loss and somehow all the sweeter for it. It became the stuff of cliches. In her 2021 essay on the mango in Literary Hub, writer Urvi Kumbhat points out that in the 1999 novel by Atima Srivastava Looking for Maya, a character sneers at diasporic writing as being all about 'mangoes and coconuts and grandmothers." (I plead guilty. When I eventually published a novel myself, I had both mangoes and grandmothers in it, as well as some coconut oil.) Twitterverse even came up with the mocking term 'mango diaspora poetry" for all that bad poetry out there where mango serves as a stand-in for heritage, loss and erotic longing, sticky fingers, dripping juice and all. Kumbhat writes, 'In mango poetry, the accusation goes, the homeland is superficial and populated with tropes—it reinscribes an exoticizing gaze even while claiming belonging and authenticity." Bangladeshi-American poet Tarfia Faizullah asks in her poem Self-Portrait as a Mango, 'Doesn't a mango just win spelling bees and kiss white boys? Isn't a mango a placeholder in a poem filled with burkas?" As Kumbhat points out, the poem denounces desi stereotypes in the diaspora like spelling bees but it uses the mango, which is as much a cliche itself. The mango, clearly, is hard to escape or deny. That's probably because we just love it and cannot deny that love. Like all true love, it's messy. At a time when New York mayoral hopeful Zohran Mamdani is being attacked by some for being 'uncivilised" enough to eat with his hands, a mango remains the epitome of messy eating. I am waiting for a video of Mamdani eating a mango. And like most great love stories, the mango is all about pining. The very unavailability of the Indian mango in the US was part of its allure. The mango was the price of immigration, a reminder that we could not have it all—a cushy Silicon Valley lifestyle and perfectly ripened mangoes, a season both fleeting and sweet, perhaps all the more sweet because it is fleeting. When I moved back to India from California, as summer approached, friends and family wondered how I would weather my first full-fledged Kolkata summer in years. 'But at least I will have mangoes," I would reply. And I did. By then the Alphonso was already readily and legally available in the US, especially in South Asian grocery stores but it still didn't compare to the mango bonanza India had to offer, the many varieties that marked the progress of an Indian summer like some golden metronome. At my home in Kolkata, the Gulab Khas with its red blush was the harbinger of summer, followed by the silky smooth Himsagar and then the meaty Langda. I ate them all with relish and posted pictures on social media to gloat to my NRI friends. In fact when boxes of Alphonso first showed up in California, I wondered (even as I bought myself one) if it was not a mixed blessing. Would I still love the mango so dearly if the next time I walked into my regular supermarket I found them piled at the entrance like watermelon, 99 cents a pound? I took some reassurance in the fact that though the Alphonso was coming to the US, for the other 1,499 varieties one needed to go back home and brave an Indian summer. Or American customs. My friend could never figure out why the sniffer dogs and the customs agent didn't zero in on him and his richly aromatic contraband fruit. Perhaps if he had been an Indian aunty, they would have paid more attention. Indian mothers are well-known for trying to smuggle in the taste of home for their homesick offspring. N was so sick with relief at having escaped the eagle eyes of customs officials, he said, he gave the 'illegal" mangoes away to friends. Mangoes without papers, illegal aliens in America, they quickly vanished into the great American melting pot leaving no sticky trace behind. But now as America tightens the screws on immigration, ratchets up trade wars and rounds up those without papers, might it be time for the undocumented mango again? Cult Friction is a fortnightly column on issues we keep rubbing up against. Sandip Roy is a writer, journalist and radio host. He posts @sandipr. Also read: World Music Day: When mixtapes were a labour of love

India discards half its indigenous wool as demand declines and Deccani sheep disappear
India discards half its indigenous wool as demand declines and Deccani sheep disappear

Time of India

timean hour ago

  • Time of India

India discards half its indigenous wool as demand declines and Deccani sheep disappear

Shear Neglect: India has the second-largest sheep population in the world, but 50% of indigenous wool is discarded. Deccani sheep, once reared in Tamil Nadu and part of the social fabric of farming communities, have almost vanished. If the black sheep from the nursery rhyme were asked if it had wool to give today, it would bleat an indignant 'bah'. Not because it can no longer fill three bags full, but because it has no one to shear, store, bag, and sell the fibre. In the Indian context, the black sheep of the English rhyme could well be the Deccani, a breed native to the Deccan plateau, whose wool is predominantly the colour of coal. The sheep starred in 'Desi Oon', a stop-motion film by Kerala-born director Suresh Eriyat and Studio Eeksaurus, which bagged multiple awards, most recently the Jury Award for Best Commissioned Film at the Annecy International You Can Also Check: Chennai AQI | Weather in Chennai | Bank Holidays in Chennai | Public Holidays in Chennai Animation Festival, the gold standard in animation prizes. Commissioned by the Centre for Pastoralism (CfP), a nonprofit established to revive India's flagging pastoral economies and vanishing social cultures, the film highlights how indigenous wool, once central to rural craft economies, is losing ground to imported and acrylic wool, even as pastoral routes are being subsumed by urbanisation, industry, public infrastructure, and solar farms. According to the 20th Livestock Census (2019), Deccani sheep accounted for 3.4% of India's sheep population (43.9% were indigenous breeds). In the 1972 census, they accounted for 12.7%. Baa Baa Black Sheep was a critique of medieval wool taxes that left English shepherds with little to sell. Eriyat's film, which signals the current plight of India's pastoralists, is an SOS in song. In Tamil Nadu, the kambili, or woollen blanket, derived from Deccani sheep, was not just useful on cold nights but was also part of the social fabric of certain farming communities, says Sushma Iyengar, cofounder of CfP. 'Deccani wool is like sacred fibre for them. It was used in birth and death ceremonies. At weddings, the couple sat on mats made of wool.' Sangam poetry mentions five 'thinais' or landscapes: Mullai (forest), palai (dryland), marutham (farmland), neythal (seashore), and kurunji (mountain), each with its distinct moods and metaphors. 'Palai refers to grassland, where shepherds grazed sheep and other animals. The state has a rich history of pastoralism,' she says. 'Lord Murugan is believed to have married a shepherdess.' It's largely the nomadic tribe of the kurumba gounders who reared Deccani sheep in Tamil Nadu, moving their herds according to the seasons and in search of water sources, says P Vivekanandan, chair, International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists Initiative. 'There are few who continue the profession. The only areas where one may find Deccani sheep in Tamil Nadu today are in Solur in Coimbatore district,' he says. 'For 70 years, Deccani wool was mostly used by the Indian railways for blankets and by the Indian army, but these have been replaced by synthetics,' says Sushma. Woolly breeds of Deccani sheep were replaced by mixed breeds that yielded more meat than wool. It's not just Deccani wool that's dwindling. Today, nearly 50% of India's indigenous wool is discarded, despite the country having the second-largest sheep population in the world. One reason is that desi wool (especially from the Deccan and western regions) is too coarse for standard textile mills, which prefer imported Merino-style wool. Another is the absence of market linkages. 'Rajasthan's carpet industry, which was once the biggest absorber of desi wool, now finds it cheaper to buy containers of imported wool from Bikaner's wool mandi than go to villages looking for Pashupala (herders) and buy 1kg of fibre from one and five from another,' says Prerna Agarwal, cofounder of Samakhya Sustainable Alternatives, a social enterprise working on indigenous wool insulation for green built environment. 'Bikaner used to be Asia's largest wool mandi. Today, half of it is a sabzi mandi.' Demand within the village has also fallen as clothes, tents, and household items once made from indigenous wool are now mass-produced. 'The craft sector helps preserve tradition but won't shift the needle in demand for wool,' says Rahul Noble Singh, strategic advisor to Desi Oon, an initiative launched by CfP to develop the indigenous wool economy. 'That's why we're focusing on industrial applications.' CfP has built a coalition of partners in the fields of design, commerce, research, and policy that are raising awareness about the potential of desi wool, developing prototypes of new products, and beating new paths to the market. One such partner is Earthen Tunes, a Hyderabad-based footwear company founded in 2018 that produces wool-based footwear. The company set out to make shoes for farmers and explored 15 natural fibres before discovering Deccani wool. 'The other fibres did not do well in water,' says cofounder Santosh Kocherlakota. 'Then, someone told us about this magical blanket that worked well in the monsoons. We put it on a cofounder's head and when we poured water on it, it didn't go through!' It was the ghongadi, the traditional Deccani wool blanket that served as the shepherd's rug, canopy, and companion on his months-long migration. Kocherlakota says though some weavers initially objected to using the blanket for footwear, they came around when told it would benefit farmers. The company now sources about 500 blankets for each production run, with one blanket making four pairs of shoes. The company is now developing snake-bite-resistant boots and wool-based cheese packaging. Once prototypes are tested, the next step is to build supply chains and get buyers, but that's not easy. 'If you invest in a supply chain without demand, it's wasted. But without supply, companies won't commit,' says Singh. On the upside, funders are willing to invest if companies can demonstrate demand and prove the supply chain exists. But that means starting with the sheep and improving the value chain to meet industrial standards. Historically considered low-value, desi wool saw little attention to cleaning, shearing, sorting, or storage. In Rajasthan, for example, entire herds of up to 4,000 animals are dipped in the same trough due to water scarcity in the desert, says Agarwal. To streamline the value chain, Samakhya has established decentralised processing units in Rajasthan's pastoral heartland employing local pastoral communities. CfP is working on a traceability system for indigenous wool that will 'map the journey of wool from pastoralist to processor'. Singh believes India has an opportunity to develop wool as a commodity. 'Not only for its magical properties, but for the kind of storytelling it offers, with its links to tradition, culture, and environment. ' Wool Worth Wool is an ideal green material for construction, says the International Wool Textile Organisation, as it is flame-resistant, biodegradable, and regulates humidity. Trials by the Wool Research Association of their wool-based thermal insulation panels showed a 9°C drop in indoor temperatures. 'Our mulch mats, made from raw Deccani wool and plant nutrients, improved crop yield,' says Mrinal Choudhari, additional director and lead innovator of the project.

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