Trump's 25% Tariff on Indian Exports: A headline risk, not a structural threat

Economic Times

a day ago

Exports to the U.S. account for just around 2% of India's GDP.
Jimeet Modi says Trump's proposed 25% tariff on Indian exports is a headline risk, not a structural threat. With strong domestic demand, diversified trade, and policy support, India's economy and capital markets are well-positioned to absorb such external shocks without long-term disruption.
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Sectoral Impact: Short-Term, Not Structural
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A Reality Check: The Numbers Tell the Story
Strategic Positioning & Policy Backstop
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Implications for the Capital Market
Conclusion
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this column are that of the writer. The facts and opinions expressed here do not reflect the views of www.economictimes.com .)
The recent announcement by U.S. President Donald Trump of a proposed 25% tariff on select Indian exports has understandably stirred concerns among market participants tracking India's capital markets. While the headlines may sound alarming, it's important to put this development into perspective and assess its true economic implications.Let me begin by stating clearly: this is not a significant threat to India's economic engine or its long-term investment outlook.Yes, there could be short-term headwinds for specific export-intensive sectors—particularly engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, auto components, textiles, and select metals and chemicals. These industries may face margin compression, supply chain friction, and temporary stock price volatility.However, the broader foundation of the Indian economy remains intact and resilient.*India's nominal GDP has crossed USD 4 trillion, positioning it as the fifth-largest economy in the world.*In FY 2024–25, India recorded total exports of USD 824.9 billion, which includes both goods and services. This constitutes roughly 20% of GDP, meaning that 80% of GDP is driven by domestic demand—a testament to India's robust internal economic activity.*Of the total goods exports, shipments to the U.S. stood at USD 87.4 billion, while imports from the U.S. were USD 41.8 billion.*Thus, exports to the U.S. account for just around 2% of India's GDP. Even if a subset of these is impacted by the tariffs, the macroeconomic fallout remains limited.*It's also worth noting that key growth sectors like IT services, digital exports, mobile phones, agri-tech, and clean energy remain largely untouched by these proposed tariff measures.India's external trade diversification is another buffer. Exporters are actively expanding into markets across the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, reducing over-reliance on Western economies.Meanwhile, diplomatic engagement continues. The 6th round of U.S.-India trade talks is scheduled for August 2025, and historical precedent suggests a realistic possibility of a rollback or sector-specific reprieve—as seen during earlier interactions with the Trump administration.India's refusal to open its agriculture and dairy markets reflects a confident and principled trade stance. This underscores India's emergence as a credible global economic partner.Domestically, initiatives like Atmanirbhar Bharat, PLI schemes, infrastructure investments, and digital transformation are significantly boosting India's manufacturing competitiveness and supply chain independence. These initiatives act as policy cushions against external shocks.Investors should differentiate between sentiment-driven volatility and long-term structural fundamentals.While some export-led stocks may experience corrections in the near term, India's broader market indices remain supported by:*Robust domestic consumption*Stable macroeconomic indicators*Healthy credit growthMoreover, foreign portfolio investments (FPIs) continue to flow into domestic-facing sectors like financials, infrastructure, consumption, and energy transition, reaffirming global investor confidence in India's long-term story.The proposed U.S. tariff is a tactical disruption, not a strategic derailment. With:*Low GDP exposure to impacted goods*Policy preparedness*Expanding trade partnerships, and*Strong domestic demandIndia is well-equipped to weather such external pressures.Investors should view this episode as a short-term sentiment overhang—not a fundamental threat. The Indian growth story remains robust, broad-based, and attractively poised for the long term.