
Dengue fever outbreak reported in Cook Islands; Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji already in viral infection's grip
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Several Pacific island nations are reporting cases of dengue fever in the last few months with the Cook Islands being the latest to report the viral infection. Samoa, Tonga and Fiji have already seen a rise in dengue cases recently. A Samoan boy, too, had succumbed to the viral fever at a Auckland hospital a few days ago.Cook Islands has three dengue cases which follow the one infection which was reported in a person who had travelled from outside the country.Health advisories have been issued in all some of countries and authorities have urged the public to take all the precautions and ensure the Aedes aegypti, the carrier of dengue virus, does not find a breeding ground.Cook Islands Ministry of Health secretary Bob Williams stated that the dengue outbreak in the country does not require a declaration and the relevant steps as per the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines will be taken if there is a requirement to do so. Speaking in the capital Rarotonga, he added that none of the infected persons require hospitalisation.The country was plagued by a dengue outbreak in in 2019, which continued for almost two years before coming to an end in 2021. Williams pointed out that Cook Islands did not report any dengue cases since the last outbreak till now.Dengue can be fatal in some cases as seen in the case the 12-year-old Samoan boy Misiafa Nathaniel Fealofa'i Lene. who died at Auckland's Starship children's hospital. His distraught parents shared their feeling at his funeral ceremony and asked the people to maintain cleanliness and not allow mosquitoes to breed.Misiafa's father Taito spoke about his son's passion for rugby as well as swimming and his relationship with his small sister Niulina, 6. With a choking voce Taito recalled his unfulfilled wish of speaking to Misiafa about the changes during the teenage years.His mother Taunese also paid tribute by highlighting his helpful nature and how Misiafa was already to be with her side and was true to his other name Nathaniel, which means a blessing from God.

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New Indian Express
3 hours ago
- New Indian Express
India's institutional deliveries go up, but early breastfeeding in the first hour still low: Report
She said India needs to seriously implement the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative/Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, as recommended by the WHO and UNICEF, which have recommended that children initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life – meaning no other foods or liquids are provided, including water - and continue to breastfeed for another two years. The report, which assessed and monitored India on 10 indicators of policy and programmes and five practices of breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding, found that the second indicator Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative/Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding has seen only a marginal increase from zero out of ten in 2018 to 1.5 out of ten in 2024-25. Titled 'Spotlight on Breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding in India', the report said that India's MAA ((Mothers' Absolute Affection) programme, launched in 2016, is the strength and has the potential to implement all the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. 'The country has a certification system National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) and a training programme for the staff. However, NQAS and hospital staff training do not address all the Ten Steps to successful breastfeeding. There is weakness in overall coordination, process of external assessment/award system and monitoring and implementation of the IMS Act,' the report said.


Time of India
4 hours ago
- Time of India
Fake medication is a problem across the world Matthew Ward Agius
Representative image Amid rising demand for popular medications, experts and industry groups are concerned regulators may not be able to keep pace with the speed of counterfeiters. "A doctor simply writes down the prescription. They don't care where the patient buys the drug," said Saifuddin Ahmed, a public health practitioner and epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University in the US. "It is critically important that a health care provider should be engaged. The [regulators are] not enough," Ahmed told DW. Nowhere else is the challenge more obvious than with the huge demand for products like Wegovy and Zepbound. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like What Happens When You Massage Baking Soda Into Your Scalp Read More Undo They contain active compounds called semaglutide or tirzepatide, which were originally designed to treat type 2 diabetes. But these drugs were found to have a side effect that triggered substantial, sustained weight loss. Demand rose from people wanting to lose weight, and that caused a shortage. Fakes have filled the gap. Fake drugs are a global problem Drug counterfeiting is a major global problem . The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that one in 10 pharmaceuticals are fakes that carry no guarantee of any health benefits. While this is mainly a problem in low-and-middle income countries, especially parts of Africa and Asia, around 1% of people in high-income nations also obtain medication from unregulated sources. In some cases, these drugs may have no effect. In other cases, however, ingredients in the fake medication may lead to adverse reactions or create new health problems. "Purchasing medicine online from unregulated, unlicensed sources can expose patients to potentially unsafe products that have not undergone appropriate evaluation or approval, or do not meet quality standards," said the US regulator, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2023, when it issued its first warnings about the problem. In 2024, the WHO issued a global warning that batches of fake Ozempic were flooding the black market. More recently, in July 2025, data from the UK National Pharmacy Association found one in five Britons had attempted to obtain weight loss treatments in the previous year. It warned that the high demand for these medicines carried the risk that people would "resort to unregulated online suppliers instead of regulated pharmacies." Where are people buying counterfeit medicine? Unregulated pharmaceuticals are being sold via online-only pharmacies, international drug shopping and organised criminal distributors. These digital marketplaces are not online stores for established pharmacies, but sites that seemingly offer medicine at a fraction of the usual cost. The drugs may look identical to genuine medicines online, but when delivered often have spelling errors on the packet or incorrect ingredient listings. But it's not only fake drugs or placebos. Regulators have raised concern about compounding, where medicines that have been approved individually can be formulated to produce non-regulated "compounds" for individual patients. In some regions of the world, including the US, trained pharmacists are allowed to compound medicines, but even then, the practice is less regulated than the stringent approvals that drug manufacturers must meet to bring their products to market. For example, when the FDA temporarily allowed the compounding of weight loss drugs to address a product shortage, some pharmacists used semaglutide salts — which are not approved by regulators — instead of semaglutide itself. This led to reports of side effects. And it wasn't just trained compounding pharmacies that were formulating these products in the US. Ahmed said, "this is done in [places] like gymnasiums and spas." The FDA has now stopped allowing compounded versions of these weight loss drugs, but it is concerned that unregulated online pharmacies are still making substandard products available. Raising awareness about fake drugs To address concerns that consumers may seek unsafe products from unregulated sources, the FDA operates a campaign called BeSafeRx that provides guidance for consumers to identify genuine pharmaceuticals. In the European Union, safety features on medicines are mandated, and include standardized labeling practices. In a statement provided to DW, the European Medicines Agency said "patients should only use online retailers registered with the national competent authorities in the EU Member States, to reduce the risk of buying substandard or falsified medicines." Europol, which is responsible for law enforcement for pharmaceutical crime across member states, has coordinated regular actions across the bloc in collaboration with US and Colombian partners. In a 2023 operation, more than 1,284 people were charged for offenses related to the trafficking of counterfeit and misused medicines and doping substances. As well as local awareness campaigns and enforcement initiatives, the key measure, Ahmed said, was to help improve awareness between patients and their health practitioners. Ahmed heads the Johns Hopkins University's BESAFE initiative, which investigates risks and interventions to prevent the uptake of substandard and counterfeit medication. Surveys undertaken by BESAFE have found that within the US and South Africa, awareness of where to safely buy prescriptions and report fakes or adverse events is low. He said building trust between consumers, medical practitioners and regulators may help avoid the risks of counterfeit and unregulated drug purchases.


The Print
5 hours ago
- The Print
Kerala on alert as lethal Nipah returns. This time in separate clusters, spread across two districts
But starting this month, 4 more cases—two each from neighbouring Mallapuram and Pallakad—have been diagnosed with the infection. The two districts have large and continuous forest cover. Of the four cases, two have already succumbed to the infection, while the other two are critically ill and hospitalised. In May, a 42-year-old woman from Mallapuram district, who has since been critically ill, was confirmed with the infection, which is understood to reach humans from fruit bats, commonly known as flying foxes. New Delhi: Authorities are on high alert over Niphah infections in Kerala as five cases have been reported this monsoon season from a wide geographical area in separate spillovers, a trend not seen since the first outbreak in 2018. Additionally, 571 people from five districts who came in contact with these four patients have been put under isolation, while 27 identified as 'high-risk' contacts. Public health specialists in the state and outside point out that while Kerala is seeing the sixth outbreak of Nipah virus, there is a possibility of higher viral shedding of Nipah among the bats as compared to previous years. In all the previous outbreaks, there was a primary or index case, which remained either a standalone case or led to cluster cases in close family members of medical personnel treating them, pointed out Dr head of community medicine and public health researcher at Karuna Medical College in Palakkad. 'But the trend this year indicates that bats could be shedding a higher load of virus—though it needs to be confirmed through scientific studies—due to stress such as deforestation and this is not a good sign,' Deepak told ThePrint. Prior to this year, Nipah outbreak had been reported in Kerala in 2024, 2023, 2021 and 2019 after 2018—the biggest one so far which claimed 17 lives. All of them were close contacts, including several medical personnel, of a single index patient. The fact that the cases have been reported from an area spanning roughly around 60 km has also pushed almost the entire administration in two districts towards containment measures while four other neighbouring districts are on high alert, sources in the health department said. ThePrint contacted Kerala health minister Veena George over phone calls for the government's outbreak management. This article will be updated if and when a response is received. Also Read: Health diagnostics is a game of 'molecules & money'. Amazon has just entered the race Frequent strikes in Kerala Nipah is a zoonotic virus—transmitted from animals to humans—but can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. It is one of the deadliest pathogens known to infect humans, as it kills nearly 75 percent of those infected. In 2022, the World Health Organisation (WHO) put Nipah virus on its list of priority pathogens for the first time. Scientists have been concerned about the virus's potential to cause a global pandemic as it is capable of human-to-human transmission. The solace so far in the current outbreak, highlighted Deepak, is that there is no evidence of this transmission route despite the virus's capability to become air-borne. During the first recognised outbreak in Malaysia, which also affected Singapore, most human infections resulted from direct contact with sick pigs or their contaminated tissues. Transmission is believed to have occurred via unprotected exposure to secretions from the pigs, or unprotected contact with the tissue of a sick animal. Nipah's first two outbreaks in India were reported from West Bengal. The most lethal was the first outbreak, in 2001 — when 66 cases, the highest so far, were recorded in the eastern Indian state and 45 fatalities. In 2007, the disease claimed five lives in West Bengal. There was, however, a gap of over a decade before the virus struck humans again, this time in Kerala in 2018. While there has been no Nipah outbreak in West Bengal after 2007 despite a nearly annual outbreak in neighbouring Bangladesh, Kerala has been seeing an episode almost every year. The southern state's dense tropical vegetation provides a natural home for fruit bats which are carriers of the Nipah virus. Those infected with the pathogen in the beginning develop symptoms such as fever, headaches, myalgia or muscle pain, vomiting and sore throat, though very few can actually stay totally asymptomatic as well. The initial signs of the disease can be followed by dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and neurological signs that indicate acute encephalitis. Some patients can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems, including acute respiratory distress and encephalitis and seizures occur in severe cases, progressing to coma within 24 to 48 hours. A senior virologist with Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV) pointed out the outbreak over the last several years has been triggered by eating contaminated fruits and vegetables, through body fluids, excretory material, saliva, and secretions of infected animals or fruit bats. 'The natural source of the Nipah virus are fruit bats. The understanding is that rapid urbanization and encroaching the original cores, where fruit bats stay, is possibly causing the disease to spike over to humans. In the current outbreak, however, the spillover dynamic of the virus is not fully understood,' the scientist added. Though there is evidence of Nipah virus being present in bat populations in at least nine states and one Union Territory—Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Kerala, West Bengal and Puducherry—their spillover in humans in Kerala has been linked with eating pattern or links between animals and humans, mainly due to cultural reasons. 'Fruit bats typically don't fly long distances but deforestation and climate change bring bats closer to humans. It's possible that bats in areas (where the outbreak is being reported from) carry the virus and get transferred to humans due to either consumption of infected fruits, sap or bat meat or handling of dead bats,' the ICMR scientist explained. 'Good response but need to do more' Kerala's response so far has been exemplary, with the identification of the source, declaration of containment zones, immediate contact tracing of those who might have had close physical contact with the known cases, isolation and quarantining of suspected cases, and testing of contacts, experts told ThePrint. 'The state's Nipah protocols were implemented immediately, even before final confirmation of the virus was obtained. These are all sensible steps,' said Gautam Menon, dean, research and professor of physics and biology, Ashoka University Others said that the health seeking behaviour and health care utilisation pattern in case of the viral outbreak seems to be saving the day for Kerala. 'The 2018 outbreak was an outlier. The rest were probably more contained due to health care seeking behaviour and utilisation in Kerala as people are playing a major role in containment,' Deepak said. In the state, he pointed out, the alert or suspicion levels are high both in public and private sector hospitals and suspect cases eventually end up in tertiary care hospitals—unlike in Bangladesh, where deaths happened at home or peripheral clinic levels. However, public health specialists also cautioned that the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) surveillance in Kerala needs strengthening. 'Each spillover can lead to a cluster outbreak. As we are seeing now, containing four separate spillovers simultaneously is a big test for the health care system,' Deepak said. Also, there has not been enough scientific efforts put in to understand study behaviour patterns which may be triggering the viral spillovers from bats to humans. 'One such extensive study was done in Bangladesh and it identified how the viruses were getting transferred to humans. Eventually this led to evolution of practices which reduced outbreak incidences in the affected areas there,' Deepak said. (Edited by Tony Rai) Also Read: Bringing dramatic drop in TB deaths, how TN set an example for rest of India with one-of-a-kind model