Salt's "chilling" effect
It is sugar's savory cousin and is mostly thought of as an ingredient in food. It is much more than that, though.
Salt is essential to your body's functions. It melts snow and ice in the winter, and you can use it to help cream freeze to make a delicacy sent from the heavens...ice cream! At least that's the way we are going to make ice cream today.
You might be thinking to yourself, "salt melts liquids, so why would you need that for ice cream?"
Adding salt to water technically does not melt it. It just lowers the freezing temperature of water, which does melt it until you hit that lower temperature. While it lowers the freezing temperature, it actually gets colder too!
You heard that right. Adding salt to water makes the water colder, as you can see!
That probably seems backwards.
Dissolving salt in water requires energy, so that energy is absorbed from the water, causing the temperature to drop. The same goes for salt on ice!
The salt dissolves on the ice, dropping the freezing temperature of the ice, but making it colder at the same time. Purdue University says this is an endothermic reaction, or a chemical reaction that occurs with the absorption of heat.
We are going to use this knowledge to make our version of one of science's greatest achievements...ice cream!
My ice cream maker is a little different. On one side of this ball, you put your ingredients in a compartment. The other side of the ball gets filled up with ice and rock salt, kosher salt, or ice cream salt.
That is where our reaction will happen, causing the temperature to drop.
To turn this into ice cream, we have to shake and roll, and play with this ball for 25 minutes!
The action makes sure the salt is dissolving on the ice, lowering the temperature. It also churns the cream, making sure that large ice crystals don't form. This also allows air inside the freezing cream, helping it to be creamy, rather than rock-hard.
It is a lot of work, but the science and ice cream are worth it. Using salt and ice's endothermic reaction was how they made ice cream in the olden days.
This ball is just a new take on the classic way to make ice cream.
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CBS News
12 minutes ago
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Sucralose could make cancer treatments less effective, new study says
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Yahoo
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Glucorem Shares Report on Blood Sugar Stabilization and Metabolic Glucose Transport Pathways (2025)
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Fox News
an hour ago
- Fox News
Trick your brain into staying motivated with this simple psychology hack
Dreading a task at the end of a long week? There may be a way to trick your brain into seeing that chore as a reward. "Dopamine anchoring" is the latest psychology hack making the rounds on social media. This technique involves associating a desirable thing – like music or snacks – with a less pleasant task or movement, so that "over time, your brain begins to crave the task itself," according to Joshua Stein, M.D., a child and adolescent psychiatrist at PrairieCare in Minnesota. From a neuroscience perspective, this strategy works through the brain's dopamine pathway. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that is associated with feelings of pleasure. "When we expect a reward, dopamine levels rise before we get the reward," which helps boost motivation, Stein told Fox News Digital. By repeatedly pairing something enjoyable with an activity like cleaning, writing or even exercising, it's possible to train the brain to release dopamine in advance, which associates pleasure with that behavior. "There is strong scientific support for this, from both behavioral psychology and neuroscience," said Stein, noting that pairing stimuli and rewards can influence behavior, even potentially helping with addiction. This anchoring technique can also be helpful for those who have conditions like ADHD or depression, where the dopamine system can become out of whack or dysregulated. "The more consistent the pattern, the stronger the association." Stein noted that some people may struggle with a condition called anhedonia, which means they have issues with experiencing pleasure, starting a task or keeping their attention focused. "By strategically anchoring pleasant stimuli to challenging tasks, individuals can essentially 'prime' the brain" to better tolerate, or even enjoy, those activities, according to the doctor. "Overall, it's about working with your brain chemistry, not against it." One of the biggest myths surrounding dopamine is that it's just a "pleasure chemical," according to Stein. "It would be more accurate to say that dopamine is the motivation or anticipation neurotransmitter," he said. While dopamine anchoring can be a helpful tool in some cases, experts say it should not be relied upon as the sole treatment. There can be downsides to relying on this technique as a self-help strategy. "Like any other psychological tool, dopamine anchoring needs to be used mindfully," Stein cautioned. There is the risk that someone could come to rely on external rewards to do anything at all, which could undermine natural motivation over time. "Like any other psychological tool, dopamine anchoring needs to be used mindfully." People should also avoid using unhealthy or overly stimulating rewards as anchors, like eating sugary snacks after reaching a goal or using social media after finishing an assignment — behaviors that can lead to dysregulation, poor focus or burnout, the expert said. Stein suggests anchoring with things that are energizing but not addictive, and building in breaks where motivation can arise more naturally. "Think of dopamine anchoring as a bridge, not a crutch," he advised. Stein also pointed out the misconception that people can endlessly boost dopamine. While short-term boosts are possible, too much artificial stimulation can dull the natural response over time. "The best way to begin practicing dopamine anchoring is to start small," Stein said. The expert offered the examples below for those looking to try this technique. "If you do this consistently, over time your brain will begin to associate that task with a sense of ease, and maybe even enjoyment," Stein said. The goal is to keep the rewards simple and non-addictive so they don't get in the way of the task, according to the expert. For more Health articles, visit "Overall, sustainability is key," Stein said. "You're not trying to trick your brain — rather, you're training it. And like any other form of training, the more consistent the pattern, the stronger the association."
