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Mosaic floors found in ancient Olympos church

Mosaic floors found in ancient Olympos church

Express Tribune23-06-2025
Excavations at the Olympos Ancient City in Türkiye's southern Antalya province have uncovered new mosaic floors and a notable inscription at the entrance of a church, archaeologists announced.
Located in the Kumluca district, Olympos has been under continuous excavation since 2006, with year-round efforts underway for the past four years. The site contains remains from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods.
Significant discoveries at the site include multiple churches, an entrance complex, the Bishop's Palace, a bridge, the Lycian Marcus Aurelius Arkhepolis Monumental Tomb, mosaic structures, the Antimakhos Sarcophagus, and monumental tombs near the harbour.
Gokcen Kurtulus Oztaskin, an associate professor at Pamukkale University and head of the excavation team, told Anadolu that the increased funding and ongoing support from Türkiye's Ministry of Culture and Tourism has enabled uninterrupted archaeological work.
"Olympos continues to surprise us with its mosaics. In 2017, 2022, and 2023, we discovered richly decorated mosaic floors at the sites we worked on. This year, we uncovered and restored the floor mosaics of Church No 1," he said.
He added that mosaics with geometric and vegetal motifs, along with inscriptions, were found in both the main and annex sections of the church. One inscription was located at the church entrance door.
Highlighting the inscription's message, Oztaskin said it reads: "Only those on the righteous path may enter here."
According to Oztaskin, the presence of mosaic inscriptions and benefactors' names indicates that Olympos was one of the most affluent cities in the Lycian region in terms of mosaic art.
Excavations in the northern section of the ancient city are expected to be completed within two years, after which focus will shift to the southern areas. Andalou
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Mosaic floors found in ancient Olympos church
Mosaic floors found in ancient Olympos church

Express Tribune

time23-06-2025

  • Express Tribune

Mosaic floors found in ancient Olympos church

Excavations at the Olympos Ancient City in Türkiye's southern Antalya province have uncovered new mosaic floors and a notable inscription at the entrance of a church, archaeologists announced. Located in the Kumluca district, Olympos has been under continuous excavation since 2006, with year-round efforts underway for the past four years. The site contains remains from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods. Significant discoveries at the site include multiple churches, an entrance complex, the Bishop's Palace, a bridge, the Lycian Marcus Aurelius Arkhepolis Monumental Tomb, mosaic structures, the Antimakhos Sarcophagus, and monumental tombs near the harbour. Gokcen Kurtulus Oztaskin, an associate professor at Pamukkale University and head of the excavation team, told Anadolu that the increased funding and ongoing support from Türkiye's Ministry of Culture and Tourism has enabled uninterrupted archaeological work. "Olympos continues to surprise us with its mosaics. In 2017, 2022, and 2023, we discovered richly decorated mosaic floors at the sites we worked on. This year, we uncovered and restored the floor mosaics of Church No 1," he said. He added that mosaics with geometric and vegetal motifs, along with inscriptions, were found in both the main and annex sections of the church. One inscription was located at the church entrance door. Highlighting the inscription's message, Oztaskin said it reads: "Only those on the righteous path may enter here." According to Oztaskin, the presence of mosaic inscriptions and benefactors' names indicates that Olympos was one of the most affluent cities in the Lycian region in terms of mosaic art. Excavations in the northern section of the ancient city are expected to be completed within two years, after which focus will shift to the southern areas. Andalou

Stoic Roman emperor subject of new exhibition
Stoic Roman emperor subject of new exhibition

Express Tribune

time12-06-2025

  • Express Tribune

Stoic Roman emperor subject of new exhibition

How do you keep calm in times of crisis? What do people need to be happy? Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius is often quoted online for answers. This once-powerful man would have preferred to be a philosopher. "Look within. Within is the fountain of good, and it will ever bubble up, if thou wilt ever dig." As reported by DW, wise statements like this can be found in the 'Meditations' of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE). He had never intended these reflections for publication, having written them purely for himself, but they have become some of the most widely read writings after the Bible and the Quran. A bestseller, so to speak, which has been translated into numerous languages worldwide. Known today as a philosopher-king, Marcus Aurelius ruled at a time marked by crises and catastrophes. He ascended to the throne in 161 CE, just a few years before the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 CE) – the Marcomanni were Germanic tribes – which would shake the Roman Empire to its foundations. Good governance Archaeologist Marcus Reuter – director of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum – and historian Viola Skiba – director of the Stadtmuseum Simeonstift in Trier, Germany – have co-curated a joint exhibition, in each of their institutions, on Marcus Aurelius, set to run from June 15 to November 23, 2025. Skiba said the themes of the exhibition are more current than they had anticipated. The question of what good leadership looks like has taken on a new urgency, especially in these crisis-ridden and polarised times. At the same time, the question is as old as human history itself, and was clearly a focus in the ancient world. What, according to Marcus Aurelius, distinguishes good governance? "Basically, it is guided by the cardinal virtues of antiquity," said Skiba. Those desirable virtues include wisdom, justice, prudence and moderation. Reuter added that Marcus Aurelius would most likely have considered Donald Trump "not a good leader, and certainly not a role model." But of course, Marcus Aurelius was a product of his time, who grew up within the social structures of antiquity, including acceptance of slavery, unequal rights and brutal wars. But "... he always put the interests of the state first," added Reuter. The construction of the Porta Nigra in Trier — today the city's famous landmark - can also be traced back to Marcus Aurelius. It was part of the city wall that Aurelius had built to protect its citizens. Relevance Aphorisms like the above can seem like mockery coming from a wealthy emperor, but they were meant sincerely. Indeed, Marcus Aurelius cultivated a rather modest lifestyle and even had imperial household items – his private assets – auctioned off when the state was in financial crisis. "As far as I know, no Roman emperor before or after him did that," said Reuter. Marcus Aurelius also apparently spent a lot of time pondering the meaning of life, which is presumably the reason so many young people nowadays are interested in him and his writings. In Reuter's estimation, "his 'Meditations' are a little treasure trove containing something to address nearly every situation in life." Reuter pointed out that Marcus Aurelius' writings don't lend themselves to being read from front to back, but are well-suited to dipping into to find inspiration. They are, after all, the private musings of someone who spent time thinking about what was truly important in life. So it's small wonder that quotes by the Roman emperor can be found all over social media. The exhibition in Trier builds on this contemporary interest in Marcus Aurelius and the topics that occupied him. It's designed to inspire visitors from all over the world to reflect on themselves, society and what a long-ago Roman emperor still has to say to us today. Or, as Skiba put it, "Every society is based on individuals, and if each and every individual asks themselves these philosophical and political questions, then it also works as a whole."

Fishing cat: Indus delta losing its lone surviving predator
Fishing cat: Indus delta losing its lone surviving predator

Express Tribune

time12-06-2025

  • Express Tribune

Fishing cat: Indus delta losing its lone surviving predator

A fishing cat photographed near the Haleji Wildlife Sanctuary. Larger in size than the average cat, fishing cats are active swimmers and clever felines and are a rare sight in the wild due to their secretive and shy nature. PHOTO COURTESY: JAFFAR HUSSAIN Pakistan has long been struggling with the gradual disappearance of its rare wildlife species due to a lethal mix of environmental and human-induced factors, including habitat destruction, dwindling water resources, pollution, and poaching. Among these vanishing species is the endangered Indus fishing cat, found mostly in the Indus River Delta and surrounding buffer areas, where its numbers have dropped dramatically over recent decades. Habitat loss, food scarcity, hunting, and growing human populations have significantly impacted this rare feline, which plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems, according to experts. "The past two decades have appeared to be disastrous for this environment-friendly animal, mainly because of the destruction of wetlands and killings by local people," Saeed-ul-Islam, a senior Pakistani wildlife expert, told Anadolu. Although official surveys have yet to determine precise figures, Islam explained that conservative estimates suggest the cat's population in Pakistan has declined by more than 50% in the last two decades alone. Globally, the fishing cat population has declined approximately 30% since 2010, and the animal has been listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List since 2016. In addition to decreasing water levels, deteriorating water quality has exacerbated the plight of these animals. "Deterioration of water quality due to untreated water flowing directly into water bodies, and the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, are also taking a toll on conservation efforts," Islam noted. Region's last surviving predator Wildlife specialists consider the fishing cat the last surviving major predator of the Indus flood plains following the near extinction of others such as gharials, tigers, and leopards from the region. "We have this last predator in the Indus flood plains that greatly contributes to keeping aquatic animal populations healthy," said Zafeer Ahmed Shaikh, head of the Indus Fishing Cat Project (IFCP). The IFCP, launched in 2021, forms part of the global Fishing Cat Conservation Alliance initiative, which seeks to protect and preserve this rare species. The project engages local communities, governmental authorities, and wildlife organizations to support conservation efforts. Before 2020, the status of the Indus fishing cat on Pakistan's IUCN country list remained uncertain, suggesting the species was nearing extinction, according to Shaikh. "It was us (IFCP) who told the world that this animal not only still exists in Pakistan but that its distribution range has extended to the riverine areas of Sindh and Balochistan provinces through the canal network," Shaikh asserted. In addition to the Indus delta, recent sightings have occurred in Jaffarabad and Jhal Magsi districts in the southwestern Balochistan province. Challenges in determining exact numbers Shaikh acknowledged the difficulty in determining the exact population numbers due to a lack of comprehensive surveys by either government agencies or wildlife groups. "We cannot give any specific number about its population in Pakistan. But one thing is sure — its number has reduced due to shrinking wetlands and water bodies," he said. Shaikh acknowledged that, although the IFCP has made "a little difference" in increasing the fishing cat's numbers, "it's a long way to go." Kamal Palari, a community worker involved with IFCP conservation efforts in Sindh's Thatta district, noted a significant reduction in hunting incidents involving the fishing cat in recent years. "Locals, especially farmers, would kill them because they falsely believed this cat was a threat to their livestock and crops," Palari told Anadolu. However, he said awareness campaigns launched by IFCP and increased community involvement have led to a noticeable decrease in such cases. Shaikh also clarified that the fishing cat "very rarely" attacks goats and has no capacity to threaten livestock herds significantly. Balancing aquatic ecosystems Mumtaz Soomro, a deputy director at the Sindh Wildlife Department, believes that strict wildlife protection laws enacted in 2020 — imposing heavy fines and sentences for hunting rare species — have further helped reduce killings of fishing cats. 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