
Ukraine's Capital Faces Sleepless Nights Amid Russian Attacks
For the past two months, Russia has unleashed nighttime drone and missile assaults on Kyiv in a summer offensive that is straining the city's air defences, and has its 3.7 million residents exhausted and on edge.
Other towns and villages have seen far worse since Russia launched its full-scale invasion in early 2022 - especially those close to the frontline far to the east and south.
Many have been damaged or occupied as Russia advances, and thousands of people have fled to the capital, considered the best-defended city in the country.
But recent heavy attacks are beginning to change the mood. At night, residents rush to metro stations deep underground in scenes reminiscent of the German "Blitz" bombings of London during World War Two.
Slavytska has started nervously checking Telegram channels at home even before the city's alarms sound, after she found herself in early July running into the street to reach the metro with explosions already booming in the sky.
The number of people like Slavytska taking refuge in the cavernous Soviet-era ticket halls and drafty platforms of Kyiv's 46 underground stations soared after large-scale bombardments slammed the city five times in June.
Previously, the loud air raid alert on her phone sent Emil into bouts of shaking and he would cry "Corridor, corridor, mum. I'm scared. Corridor, mum," Slavytska said. Now, accustomed to the attacks, he says more calmly "Mum, we should go".
"We used to come here less often, about once a month," Slavytska said, sheltering in Akademmistechko station in western Kyiv. "That was six months ago. Now we come two or three times a week." She spent the night curled up on her pink mat with Emil by a column lining the subway tracks.
The subway system recorded 165,000 visits during June nights, more than double the 65,000 visits in May and nearly five times the number in June last year, its press service told Reuters.
More people were heading to the shelter because of "the scale and lethality" of attacks, the head of Kyiv's military administration, Tymur Tkachenko, told Reuters. He said strikes killed 78 Kyiv residents and injured more than 400 in the first half of the year.

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Nahar Net
3 hours ago
- Nahar Net
Zelensky faces backlash as Ukrainians protest new anti-corruption law
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Ya Libnan
4 hours ago
- Ya Libnan
Germany is reinventing the nature of warfare
A soldier holds a drone, on the day German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius visits the Innovation Lab of Germany's Army Bundeswehr in Erding, Germany, July 22, 2025. REUTERS MUNICH/BERLIN/FRANKFURT) – For Gundbert Scherf – the co-founder of Germany's Helsing, Europe's most valuable defenSe start-up – Russia's invasion of Ukraine changed everything. Scherf had to fight hard to attract investment after starting his company – which produces military strike drones and battlefield AI – four years ago. Now, that's the least of his problems. The Munich-based company more than doubled its valuation to $12 billion at a fundraising last month. 'Europe this year, for the first time in decades, is spending more than the U.S.,' said Scherf. The former partner at McKinsey & Company says Europe may be on the cusp of a transformation in defense innovation akin to the Manhattan Project – the scientific push that saw the U.S. rapidly develop nuclear weapons during World War Two. 'Europe is now coming to terms with defense.' Reuters spoke to two dozens executives, investors and policymakers to examine how Germany – Europe's largest economy – aims to play a central role in the rearming the continent. Chancellor Friedrich Merz's government views AI and start-up technology as key to its defense plans and is slashing bureaucracy to connect startups directly to the upper echelons of its military, the sources told Reuters. Shaped by the trauma of Nazi militarism and a strong postwar pacifist ethos, Germany long maintained a relatively small and cautious defense sector, sheltered by U.S. security guarantees. Germany's business model, shaped by a deep aversion to risk, has also favored incremental improvements over disruptive innovation. No more. With U.S. military support now more uncertain, Germany – one of the biggest backers of Ukraine – plans to nearly triple its regular defense budget to around 162 billion euros ($175 billion) per year by 2029. Much of that money will go into reinventing the nature of warfare, the sources said. Helsing is part of a wave of German defense start-ups developing cutting-edge technology, from tank-like AI robots and unmanned mini-submarines to battle-ready spy cockroaches. 'We want to help give Europe its spine back,' said Scherf. Some of these smaller firms are now advising the government alongside established firms – so-called primes such as Rheinmetall and Hensoldt ( , opens new tab – that have less incentive to focus primarily on innovation, given their long backlogs for conventional systems, one of the sources said. A new draft procurement law, expected to be approved by Merz's cabinet on Wednesday, aims to reduce hurdles for cash-strapped start-ups to join tenders by enabling advance payment to these firms, according to a version dated June 25, reviewed by Reuters. The law would also entitle authorities to limit tenders to bidders inside the European Union. Marc Wietfeld, CEO and founder of autonomous robots maker ARX Robotics, said a recent meeting with German defense minister Boris Pistorius hammered home how deep the rethink in Berlin goes. 'He told me: 'Money is no longer an excuse – it's there now'. That was a turning point,' he said. GERMANY IN THE LEAD Since Donald Trump's return to the political stage and his renewed questioning of America's commitment to NATO, Germany has committed to meet the alliance's new target of 3.5% of GDP on defense spending by 2029 – faster than most European allies. Officials in Berlin have emphasized the need to foster a European defence industry rather than rely on U.S. companies. But the hurdles towards scaling up industry champions in Germany – and Europe more broadly – are considerable. Unlike in the United States, the market is fragmented in Europe. Each country has its own set of procurement standards to fulfill contracts. The United States, the world's top military spender, already has an established stable of defence giants, like Lockheed Martin and RTX, and an advantage in key areas, including satellite technology, fighter jets and precise-guided munitions. Washington also began boosting defence tech startups in 2015 – including Shield AI, drone maker Anduril and software company Palantir – by awarding them parts of military contracts. European startups until recently languished with little government support. But an analysis by Aviation Week in May showed Europe's 19 top defence spenders – including Turkey and Ukraine – were projected to spend 180.1 billion this year on military procurement compared, to 175.6 billion for the United States. Washington's overall military spending will remain higher. Hans Christoph Atzpodien, head of Germany's security and defence sector association BDSV, said one challenge was that the military's procurement system was geared toward established suppliers and not well suited to the fast pace that new technologies require. Germany's defence ministry said in a statement it was taking steps to accelerate procurement and to better integrate startups in order to make new technologies quickly available to the Bundeswehr. Annette Lehnigk-Emden, head of the armed forces' powerful procurement agency, highlighted drones and AI as emerging fields that Germany needs to develop. 'The changes they're bringing to the battlefield are as revolutionary as the introduction of the machine gun, tank, or airplane,' she told Reuters. SPY COCKROACHES Sven Weizenegger, who heads up the Cyber Innovation hub, the Bundeswehr's innovation accelerator, said the war in Ukraine was also changing social attitudes, removing a stigma towards working in the defence sector. 'Germany has developed a whole new openness towards the issue of security since the invasion,' he said. Weizenegger said he was receiving 20-30 Linkedin requests a day, compared to maybe 2-3 weekly back in 2020, with ideas for defence technology to develop. Some of the ideas under development feel akin to science fiction – like Swarm Biotactics' cyborg cockroaches that are equipped with specialised miniature backpacks that enable real-time data collection via cameras for example. Electrical stimuli should allow humans to control the insects' movements remotely. The aim is for them to provide surveillance information in hostile environments – for example information about enemy positions. 'Our bio-robots – based on living insects – are equipped with neural stimulation, sensors, and secure communication modules,' said CEO Stefan Wilhelm. 'They can be steered individually or operate autonomously in swarms. In the first half of the 20th century, German scientists pioneered many military technologies that became global standards, from ballistic missiles to jet aircraft and guided weapons. But following its defeat in World War II, Germany was demilitarized and its scientific talent was dispersed. Wernher von Braun, who invented the first ballistic missile for the Nazis, was one of hundreds of German scientists and engineers transported to the United States in the wake of World War II, where he later worked at NASA and developed the rocket that took Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. In recent decades, defence innovation has been a powerful driver of economic progress. Tech like the internet, GPS, semiconductors and jet engines originated in military research programs before transforming civilian life. Hit by high energy prices, a slowdown in demand for its exports and competition from China, Germany's $4.75 trillion economy contracted over the last two years. Expanding military research could provide an economic fillip. 'We just need to get to this mindset: a strong defense industrial base means a strong economy and innovation on steroids,' said Markus Federle, managing partner at defence-focused investment firm Tholus Capital. ESCAPING 'THE VALLEY OF DEATH' Risk aversion among European investors had in the past disadvantaged startups, which struggled to get the capital they need to survive the 'valley of death' – the critical early stage when costs are high and sales low. But a boost in defence spending by European governments following Russia's invasion of Ukraine has investors looking for opportunities. Europe now boasts three start-ups with a unicorn valuation of more than $1 billion: Helsing, German drone maker Quantum Systems, and Portugal's Tekever, which also manufactures drones. 'There's a lot of pressure now on Germany being the lead nation of the European defense,' said Sven Kruck, Quantum's chief strategy officer. Germany has become Ukraine's second-biggest military backer after the United States. Orders that might once have taken years to approve now take months and European startups have had the opportunity to test their products quickly in the field, several sources said. Venture capital funding of European defence tech hit $1 billion in 2024, up from a modest $373 million in 2022, and is expected to surge even more this year. 'Society has recognized that we have to defend our democracies,' said Christian Saller, general partner at HV Capital, an investor in both ARX and Quantum Systems. Venture capital funding has grown faster in Germany than elsewhere, according to a data analysis by Dealroom for Reuters. German defence startups have received $1.4 billion in the last five years from investors, followed by UK, the data shows. Jack Wang, partner at venture capital firm Project A, said many German defence startups – rooted in the country's engineering prowess – are good at integrating established components into scalable systems. 'Quality of talent in Europe is extremely high, but as a whole, there's no better country, no better talent that we've seen other than in Germany,' he said. Weakness in Germany's automotive industry means there is production capacity to spare, including in the Mittelstand: the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that form the backbone of Germany's economy. Stefan Thumann, CEO of Bavarian startup Donaustahl, which produces loitering munitions, said he receives 3 to 5 applications daily from workers at automotive companies. 'The startups just need the brains to do the engineering and prototyping,' he said. 'And the German Mittelstand will be their muscles.' ($1 = 0.8560 euros) Reporting by Supantha Mukherjee in Munich, Sarah Marsh in Berlin and Christoph Steitz in Frankfurt; Additional Reporting by Sabine Siebold in Berlin; (Reuters


Ya Libnan
7 hours ago
- Ya Libnan
Syrian sanctions: Caesar act to remain in effect to protect minorities, report
Smoke rises while Syrian security forces sit in the back of a truck as Syrian troops entered the predominantly Druze city of Sweida on Tuesday following two days of clashes, between the Druze and bedouin tribes . Instead of quelling the fight the Syrian security forces forces joined the tribes in their attack , shot and killed several Druze at gunpoint , lo0ted their homes and set them on fire . A family of eight including one American from Oklahoma was killed by Syrian security forces July 15, 2025. Karam al-Masri/Reuters In another display of bipartisanship, two centrist Democrats — Reps. Brad Sherman of California and Josh Gottheimer of New Jersey — helped Republicans advance the Lawler plan. Trump-friendly Rep. Byron Donalds, R-Fla., joined all other Democrats in voting 'no.' 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Lawler's legislation would give the new administration two years to certify the new Syrian government had met its set of conditions before lifting the sanctions for good. Among the lawmakers advocating for full repeal, rather than Lawler's solution: Conservative Rep. Joe Wilson , R-S.C., who urged the committee to 'reconsider' the measure , and the Financial Services Committee's top Democrat, Rep. Maxine Waters of California. Wilson said he supported the failed amendment Waters offered to Lawler's bill on Tuesday. AD 'Well, hey, she's correct,' Wilson said of Waters. 'I'm very grateful that indeed, the president has indicated that he wants to give Syria a chance — and the way to do that is to fully repeal the sanctions, so that businesses know that they can invest.' Some Democrats were torn ahead of the vote. Rep. Greg Meeks of New York, the top Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, told Semafor that 'it's a touchy situation.' 'You remove all the sanctions at one time — you know, what does that mean?' Meeks said on his way into the committee room. 'At the same time, you want to make sure that there is progress going down the road.' 'Maybe by the time I get outside, I can tell you exactly what I believe,' Meeks added. He wound up voting against the bill. KNOW MORE The president cannot permanently lift sanctions imposed by the Caesar Act unless Congress repeals that law (or allows it to lapse in 2029). While the Trump administration issued a new six-month waiver of the sanctions in May, lawmakers on both sides of the debate say the short-term relief makes it difficult to facilitate long-term economic growth in Syria because investors lack certainty needed to make long-term decisions. 'What Lawler is attempting to do [is say] 'We want sanctions relief. We want money to flow back into the country,'' said Financial Services Chair French Hill, R-Ark. 'But how do we do that in the right way? Lawler's not adding burden, in my judgment, in his proposal.' 'The president has these freedoms, but in this bill, he's granted statutory relief that he doesn't have,' Hill added. 'The bill is a balanced bill.' Lawler acknowledged that 'the administration's position is going to be vital' when it comes to building sufficient support in the full House and Senate. Sherman raised concerns over lifting sanctions after sectarian violence in Syria led to the death of a US citizen last week. He voted yes after Lawler agreed to adopt his amendment that would add a new condition for lifting sanctions: 'reasonable steps … to protect religious and ethnic minorities.' As the Trump administration seeks to bring Syria into the Abraham Accords, Lawler expressed optimism that his proposal could be a helpful tool. The president in May promised Syria's new president sanctions relief if Damascus agreed to pursue normalized relations with Israel. 'This, in implementation, can be used as a vehicle by which to help actually normalize economic ties with Israelis,' Lawler said. Lawler said the House Foreign Affairs Committee, which also has jurisdiction over Syria sanctions, will also need to mark up the legislation. Meeks said that committee was his preferred venue for further discussion about the proposal. ROOM FOR DISAGREEMENT Those advocating to repeal the Caesar Act make two main arguments. Republicans say it would provide Trump with the most flexibility possible; Democrats say it would be the best bet for protecting Syrians. 'Sanctions are not effective in what the goal here is,' Rep. Rashida Tlaib, D-Mich., said. 'On the ground, it is the Syrian people that are hurting because of these sanctions.' The Syrian Emergency Task Force said in a press release Tuesday that the bill 'goes against President Trump's agenda of 'giving Syria a chance' and allowing long-term investment.' ELEANOR'S VIEW A lot of the uncertainty surrounding Lawler's bill can be attributed to its relatively short runway. He only introduced the proposal last week, which hasn't left much time for members to decide how they want to proceed. Either way, the Trump administration's approach is critical. If it endorses the legislation, Lawler's proposal is on a glide path to enactment. If the administration tries to pump the brakes, it seems inevitable that the bill's momentum slows. Semator