When Indira Gandhi Wanted War, He Said 'Not Yet'. 6 Months Later, Sam Manekshaw Broke Pakistan
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Sam Manekshaw opposed immediate war, citing lack of readiness, poor logistics, monsoon challenges, and troop deployments in the Himalayas. He sought more time to prepare
Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, a name synonymous with military strategy and valour, played a pivotal role in the historic victory of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, leading to the creation of Bangladesh. Under his leadership, the Indian Army showcased exemplary courage and strategic acumen, making Manekshaw an enduring hero in the annals of the Indian military.
Sam Hormusji Fameji Jamshedji Manekshaw was born on April 3, 1914 in Amritsar, Punjab, into a Parsi family. He received his training from the Indian Military Academy (IMA) in Dehradun and was commissioned into the British Indian Army in 1934.
His bravery during World War II on the Burma front earned him the Military Cross, highlighting his indomitable spirit even when wounded.
The 1971 war stands as a testament to Manekshaw's exceptional leadership. With mounting atrocities by the Pakistani army in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), India decided to intervene. Manekshaw not only crafted the military strategy but also advised against premature action to ensure the army was fully prepared. His foresight was crucial; within 13 days, the Indian Army captured Dhaka, and 93,000 Pakistani soldiers surrendered. This victory was not only a display of India's military prowess but also a testament to Manekshaw's strategic brilliance.
One of the notable episodes involving Manekshaw and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi occurred on April 27, 1971. Faced with a refugee crisis stemming from East Pakistan, Indira Gandhi called for immediate military intervention.
However, Manekshaw opposed this, stating that the Army needed more time for adequate preparation. He cited the lack of military readiness, weapons, logistics, and the challenges posed by the monsoon season and deployments in the Himalayan regions.
Manekshaw assured Indira Gandhi that the right time for war would come when the Army was fully prepared. Impressed by his candour, she agreed. The war commenced in December 1971, leading to the creation of Bangladesh, illustrating Manekshaw's strategic intelligence and leadership.
Known as 'Sam Bahadur' among his soldiers, Manekshaw was admired for his simplicity and humane leadership style. He understood the soldiers' problems and boosted their morale, making significant contributions to their welfare and the army's modernisation even after the war.
In recognition of his service, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1972 and later the title of Field Marshal, the highest military rank in India. Manekshaw passed away on June 27, 2008, leaving behind a legacy of unparalleled military excellence and leadership.
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