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10 must-do experiences for your next trip to Seattle

10 must-do experiences for your next trip to Seattle

Known for its rainy weather and as the birthplace of Starbucks, Seattle offers far more than these well-worn reputations. From wandering the city's mysterious underground to immersing yourself in the vibrant glass art scene or joining the roar of crowds at a local sports game, these 10 experiences invite you to uncover what truly defines Seattle. Watch the fish fly at Pike Place Market in Seattle. In addition to fishmongers, the farmers' market also sells jewelry, art, baked goods, books, flowers, and more. Photograph by Peter Horree / Alamy Stock Photo Shop at Pike Place Market
Since 1907, the flying fish and buskers have injected Pike Place Market with an energetic vibe that represents Seattle's community spirit. You'll brush shoulders with chefs picking up seafood for their restaurants' dinner crowd, local entrepreneurs selling everything from jewelry to ceramicware, and residents grabbing lunch from generational vendors serving everything from piroshkis to chowder. 'Many locals are deeply engaged with Pike Place Market and genuinely shop there,' says Heather Refvem, director of operations at Savor Seattle, which offers tours centered around the market.
If you're looking to avoid the crowds, Refvem has one tip: 'I suggest visiting around 8 a.m., when the vendors are just setting up. It's the most peaceful and special time to experience the market.'
(Meet the famous fish throwers of Seattle's Pike Place Market) Visit a popular pop culture museum
The Museum of Pop Culture's (MOPOP) metallic exterior in hues of fuchsia, silver, and gold makes it hard to miss. Inside, the 140,000-square-foot space celebrates Seattle's creative legacy as the birthplace of grunge and a hub for indie game design and tech innovation. The Seattle Monorail, Seattle Space Needle, and Museum of Pop Culture (MOPOP) are all popular attractions located within the Seattle Center area of the city. Photograph by Eric Carr / Alamy Stock Photo
Start with 'Massive: The Power of Pop Culture,' an exhibition developed as an introduction to MOPOP itself. 'It explores what pop culture is, how it constantly evolves, why it's worth preserving and interpreting, and how MOPOP does that work. It's the perfect first stop for understanding both the museum and the wider cultural world we're all part of,' says Jacob McMurray, chief collections and exhibitions officer.
Don't miss the Sound Lab, where you can play drums and electric guitars, mix tracks, and record your own music like a pro. Try the Seattle's fresh seafood
Seattle's celebrated seafood scene nods to tradition, like alder-smoked salmon rooted in Indigenous practices, while also pushing boundaries as chefs blend local catch with global flavors. Whether you're perched at the rustic counter at Pike Place Chowder, slurping oysters at James Beard–nominated The Walrus & the Carpenter, or dining with a view of Lake Union and the Cascade Range at Canlis, one thing stays constant: the freshness. Local icons like Dungeness crab, geoduck, and black cod remind you you're squarely in Pacific Northwest waters.
(The essential guid to visiting Seattle) First-time visitors to Seattle should consider adding the Chihuly Garden and Glass to their itinerary. Colorful glass artworks created by American glass artist Dale Chihuly fill the sculpture garden. Photograph by Mara Brandl via imageBROKER.com/Alamy Stock Photo Delve into the glass art scene
Seattle's status as a global glass art hub owes much to Dale Chihuly, whose bold installations inspired a local community of glass artists who continue to shape the medium in unexpected ways
Though Seattle's home to several glass art galleries and studios, Paula Stokes, a local arts consultant and artist working primarily in glass and printmaking, says Chihuly Garden and Glass is essential viewing. 'Dale Chihuly's work in glass has pushed the boundaries of traditional glassmaking into the realm of fine arts and architecture. This venue is the perfect entry point into Seattle's glass art culture as it demonstrates his overarching vision and its evolution from simple objects to complex installations in a way that is visually engaging, delightful, and welcoming to all.'
Save time for the light-filled Glasshouse, a showstopper that's both functional and artistic. 'The red and yellow Persian chandelier soars overhead in undulating, dynamic curves, suspended in space,' says Stokes. Tour Seattle's underground
Beneath Pioneer Square, Seattle's oldest neighborhood and original downtown, lies a hidden layer of storefronts and passageways that once made up the city's original street level. 'It turns out that building at sea level is a bad idea. The fire gave the city planners an opportunity for a reset,' says Terrilyn Johnson, co-founder of Beneath the Streets, which offers walking tours of Seattle's underground. She's referring to the Great Fire of 1889, which destroyed 25 blocks. Planners rebuilt the city by raising the streets, leaving the old city underground. Through guided tours, you can learn about some of the quirky engineering features that were adopted during the rebuild, such as vault lights and hollow sidewalks. 'From early on, resilience and ingenuity have been a part of the city's history,' says Johnson.
(The 9 best hotels in Seattle for every kind of traveler) Explore the hip Capitol Hill neighborhood
Packed with vintage shops, indie record stores, buzzing bars, and music venues, this neighborhood just east of downtown is where creativity and self-expression thrive. Two deeply rooted, overlapping communities—artists and Seattle's queer and trans communities—have shaped Capitol Hill's unmistakable character. 'Everywhere you go, you can see evidence of this, from one of the nation's oldest lesbian bars, the Wildrose, to longtime music venues like Neumos, as well as murals, writers' cafes, street art, a bronze sculpture of Jimi Hendrix, and rainbow crosswalks that dot the landscape across Capitol Hill,' says Egan Orion, executive director of Seattle PrideFest.
To get a feel for the heart of Seattle's LGBTQ+ community, he recommends a walk down Broadway. 'Look up at the light poles at a myriad of flags that represent our community, then stroll through Cal Anderson Park, named after the state's first openly gay representative,' Orion says of one of the city's main gathering spots for PrideFest. Taste a locally-made craft brew
Situated near the Yakima Valley, which produces over 70 percent of the country's hops, Seattle has ready access to prized varieties like Citra, Mosaic, and Centennial, resulting in exceptionally fresh and flavorful beer. Add in a community of brewers experimenting with locally foraged ingredients and collabs with distilleries and coffee roasters, Seattle's craft beer scene is both creative and deeply rooted in place. Beer lovers will find more than 70 breweries across the city, primarily clustered in Ballard, Fremont, and SoDo. 'Every neighborhood in Seattle has a unique feel, and the breweries that exist in those neighborhoods reflect that spirit,' says Robyn Schumacher, co-owner and brewer at Stoup Brewing. 'I think of our breweries as hyper-local community centers where Seattleites hang out for just about every life event you can imagine, big or small.'
(7 of the best coffee shops in Seattle) Experience Seattle's game-day magic
With five major men's pro teams, two women's pro teams, and a spirited college football program, there's a good chance you'll be in town during a high-stakes game or match.
The stadiums themselves are part of the draw. Climate Pledge Arena, home to the WNBA's Seattle Storm and the NHL's Kraken, is the world's first zero-carbon certified arena. Over at Lumen Field, Seahawks fans bring the noise, while the Sounders (Major League Soccer) and Reign FC (National Women's Soccer League) rally equally electric crowds. At T-Mobile Park, you can catch a Mariners baseball game with views of the skyline and, on clear days, Mount Rainier at a distance.
No game day is complete without sinking your teeth into a Seattle dog, a street food staple that takes a classic hot dog and levels it up with a slather of cream cheese and a heap of grilled onions for a savory-sweet combo. Enjoy a perfect day on a lake, beach, or island
Seattleites take full advantage of the city's location because Puget Sound, Lake Washington, and Lake Union surround it. Catch a water taxi to Alki Beach, or hop the 35-minute ferry to Bainbridge Island, where the commute doubles as a scenic tour, with views of the downtown skyline and mountains.
If you're up for a paddle, kayak past bobbing houseboats and floating homes on Lake Union, while seaplanes lift off overhead. Visit the nearby national parks
The city's love of nature stretches far beyond its urban green spaces, as Seattle is also the ideal jumping-off point for two iconic national parks.
Mount Rainier National Park sits less than a two-hour drive away, and in summer, its alpine meadows burst into color, and the 5.5-mile Skyline Trail delivers views of glaciers, jagged peaks, and wildflower-filled terrain.
Olympic National Park is a bit farther, about a 2.5-hour drive from downtown Seattle, but it feels like three parks in one. Explore a rugged coastline lined with tidepools and sea stacks, lush moss-draped rainforests like the Hoh, and snow-dusted mountain ranges. Vivian Chung is a Vancouver-based freelance journalist who covers a wide range of lifestyle stories, including travel and outdoor adventure. Follow her on Instagram.
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10 must-do experiences for your next trip to Seattle
10 must-do experiences for your next trip to Seattle

National Geographic

time3 hours ago

  • National Geographic

10 must-do experiences for your next trip to Seattle

Known for its rainy weather and as the birthplace of Starbucks, Seattle offers far more than these well-worn reputations. From wandering the city's mysterious underground to immersing yourself in the vibrant glass art scene or joining the roar of crowds at a local sports game, these 10 experiences invite you to uncover what truly defines Seattle. Watch the fish fly at Pike Place Market in Seattle. In addition to fishmongers, the farmers' market also sells jewelry, art, baked goods, books, flowers, and more. Photograph by Peter Horree / Alamy Stock Photo Shop at Pike Place Market Since 1907, the flying fish and buskers have injected Pike Place Market with an energetic vibe that represents Seattle's community spirit. You'll brush shoulders with chefs picking up seafood for their restaurants' dinner crowd, local entrepreneurs selling everything from jewelry to ceramicware, and residents grabbing lunch from generational vendors serving everything from piroshkis to chowder. 'Many locals are deeply engaged with Pike Place Market and genuinely shop there,' says Heather Refvem, director of operations at Savor Seattle, which offers tours centered around the market. If you're looking to avoid the crowds, Refvem has one tip: 'I suggest visiting around 8 a.m., when the vendors are just setting up. It's the most peaceful and special time to experience the market.' (Meet the famous fish throwers of Seattle's Pike Place Market) Visit a popular pop culture museum The Museum of Pop Culture's (MOPOP) metallic exterior in hues of fuchsia, silver, and gold makes it hard to miss. Inside, the 140,000-square-foot space celebrates Seattle's creative legacy as the birthplace of grunge and a hub for indie game design and tech innovation. The Seattle Monorail, Seattle Space Needle, and Museum of Pop Culture (MOPOP) are all popular attractions located within the Seattle Center area of the city. Photograph by Eric Carr / Alamy Stock Photo Start with 'Massive: The Power of Pop Culture,' an exhibition developed as an introduction to MOPOP itself. 'It explores what pop culture is, how it constantly evolves, why it's worth preserving and interpreting, and how MOPOP does that work. It's the perfect first stop for understanding both the museum and the wider cultural world we're all part of,' says Jacob McMurray, chief collections and exhibitions officer. Don't miss the Sound Lab, where you can play drums and electric guitars, mix tracks, and record your own music like a pro. Try the Seattle's fresh seafood Seattle's celebrated seafood scene nods to tradition, like alder-smoked salmon rooted in Indigenous practices, while also pushing boundaries as chefs blend local catch with global flavors. Whether you're perched at the rustic counter at Pike Place Chowder, slurping oysters at James Beard–nominated The Walrus & the Carpenter, or dining with a view of Lake Union and the Cascade Range at Canlis, one thing stays constant: the freshness. Local icons like Dungeness crab, geoduck, and black cod remind you you're squarely in Pacific Northwest waters. (The essential guid to visiting Seattle) First-time visitors to Seattle should consider adding the Chihuly Garden and Glass to their itinerary. Colorful glass artworks created by American glass artist Dale Chihuly fill the sculpture garden. Photograph by Mara Brandl via Stock Photo Delve into the glass art scene Seattle's status as a global glass art hub owes much to Dale Chihuly, whose bold installations inspired a local community of glass artists who continue to shape the medium in unexpected ways Though Seattle's home to several glass art galleries and studios, Paula Stokes, a local arts consultant and artist working primarily in glass and printmaking, says Chihuly Garden and Glass is essential viewing. 'Dale Chihuly's work in glass has pushed the boundaries of traditional glassmaking into the realm of fine arts and architecture. This venue is the perfect entry point into Seattle's glass art culture as it demonstrates his overarching vision and its evolution from simple objects to complex installations in a way that is visually engaging, delightful, and welcoming to all.' Save time for the light-filled Glasshouse, a showstopper that's both functional and artistic. 'The red and yellow Persian chandelier soars overhead in undulating, dynamic curves, suspended in space,' says Stokes. Tour Seattle's underground Beneath Pioneer Square, Seattle's oldest neighborhood and original downtown, lies a hidden layer of storefronts and passageways that once made up the city's original street level. 'It turns out that building at sea level is a bad idea. The fire gave the city planners an opportunity for a reset,' says Terrilyn Johnson, co-founder of Beneath the Streets, which offers walking tours of Seattle's underground. She's referring to the Great Fire of 1889, which destroyed 25 blocks. Planners rebuilt the city by raising the streets, leaving the old city underground. Through guided tours, you can learn about some of the quirky engineering features that were adopted during the rebuild, such as vault lights and hollow sidewalks. 'From early on, resilience and ingenuity have been a part of the city's history,' says Johnson. (The 9 best hotels in Seattle for every kind of traveler) Explore the hip Capitol Hill neighborhood Packed with vintage shops, indie record stores, buzzing bars, and music venues, this neighborhood just east of downtown is where creativity and self-expression thrive. Two deeply rooted, overlapping communities—artists and Seattle's queer and trans communities—have shaped Capitol Hill's unmistakable character. 'Everywhere you go, you can see evidence of this, from one of the nation's oldest lesbian bars, the Wildrose, to longtime music venues like Neumos, as well as murals, writers' cafes, street art, a bronze sculpture of Jimi Hendrix, and rainbow crosswalks that dot the landscape across Capitol Hill,' says Egan Orion, executive director of Seattle PrideFest. To get a feel for the heart of Seattle's LGBTQ+ community, he recommends a walk down Broadway. 'Look up at the light poles at a myriad of flags that represent our community, then stroll through Cal Anderson Park, named after the state's first openly gay representative,' Orion says of one of the city's main gathering spots for PrideFest. Taste a locally-made craft brew Situated near the Yakima Valley, which produces over 70 percent of the country's hops, Seattle has ready access to prized varieties like Citra, Mosaic, and Centennial, resulting in exceptionally fresh and flavorful beer. Add in a community of brewers experimenting with locally foraged ingredients and collabs with distilleries and coffee roasters, Seattle's craft beer scene is both creative and deeply rooted in place. Beer lovers will find more than 70 breweries across the city, primarily clustered in Ballard, Fremont, and SoDo. 'Every neighborhood in Seattle has a unique feel, and the breweries that exist in those neighborhoods reflect that spirit,' says Robyn Schumacher, co-owner and brewer at Stoup Brewing. 'I think of our breweries as hyper-local community centers where Seattleites hang out for just about every life event you can imagine, big or small.' (7 of the best coffee shops in Seattle) Experience Seattle's game-day magic With five major men's pro teams, two women's pro teams, and a spirited college football program, there's a good chance you'll be in town during a high-stakes game or match. The stadiums themselves are part of the draw. Climate Pledge Arena, home to the WNBA's Seattle Storm and the NHL's Kraken, is the world's first zero-carbon certified arena. Over at Lumen Field, Seahawks fans bring the noise, while the Sounders (Major League Soccer) and Reign FC (National Women's Soccer League) rally equally electric crowds. At T-Mobile Park, you can catch a Mariners baseball game with views of the skyline and, on clear days, Mount Rainier at a distance. No game day is complete without sinking your teeth into a Seattle dog, a street food staple that takes a classic hot dog and levels it up with a slather of cream cheese and a heap of grilled onions for a savory-sweet combo. Enjoy a perfect day on a lake, beach, or island Seattleites take full advantage of the city's location because Puget Sound, Lake Washington, and Lake Union surround it. Catch a water taxi to Alki Beach, or hop the 35-minute ferry to Bainbridge Island, where the commute doubles as a scenic tour, with views of the downtown skyline and mountains. If you're up for a paddle, kayak past bobbing houseboats and floating homes on Lake Union, while seaplanes lift off overhead. Visit the nearby national parks The city's love of nature stretches far beyond its urban green spaces, as Seattle is also the ideal jumping-off point for two iconic national parks. Mount Rainier National Park sits less than a two-hour drive away, and in summer, its alpine meadows burst into color, and the 5.5-mile Skyline Trail delivers views of glaciers, jagged peaks, and wildflower-filled terrain. Olympic National Park is a bit farther, about a 2.5-hour drive from downtown Seattle, but it feels like three parks in one. Explore a rugged coastline lined with tidepools and sea stacks, lush moss-draped rainforests like the Hoh, and snow-dusted mountain ranges. Vivian Chung is a Vancouver-based freelance journalist who covers a wide range of lifestyle stories, including travel and outdoor adventure. Follow her on Instagram.

Headed to the Pacific Northwest? Here's a first timer's guide to visiting Seattle
Headed to the Pacific Northwest? Here's a first timer's guide to visiting Seattle

National Geographic

time3 hours ago

  • National Geographic

Headed to the Pacific Northwest? Here's a first timer's guide to visiting Seattle

Travelers visiting Seattle for the first time often think it will be all coffee and rain. Both are bountiful in this Pacific Northwest city tucked between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, but the Emerald City dazzles year-round with world-class museums and attractions, festivals galore, and countless ways to experience nature on water and on land. Best time to visit Seattle Spring: Laugh off the rain at Moisture Festival, a four week-long showcase of aerialists, acrobats, and odd surprises starting mid-March. In May, preview independent films during the two-week Seattle International Film Festival. Over Memorial Day weekend, the Northwest Folklife Festival convenes at Seattle Center for a free celebration of arts, culture, and heritage. Summer: In June, Seafair begins a 10 week-long city-wide party with fireworks, parades, hydroplane races, an air show, and other events. In July, the Seattle Art Fair fills Lumen Field with modern and contemporary art. Over Labor Day weekend, Seattle Center hosts Bumbershoot, a joyous end-of-summer music and arts festival. Fall: In September and October, harvests are in, summer crowds are out and it's the ideal time to visit the farmers, crafters and other vendors at the historic Pike Place Market. Seattle celebrates the glass arts in October during Refract: The Seattle Glass Experience. Winter: Head to Seattle's Chinatown-International District for Lunar New Year celebrations. February's Northwest Flower & Garden Show offers previews of spring. February is also Museum Month, when downtown hotel bookings include passes for half-off admission at many museums. In mid-March, join the 'bloom watch' for peak viewing of Yoshino cherry trees on the University of Washington quad. (10 must-do experiences for your next trip to Seattle) Key areas to explore in Seattle Downtown waterfront: Seattle's revitalized waterfront is a 20-acre walkable experience with art, parks, and viewing spots out to Elliot Bay and the surrounding mountain ranges. The Seattle Aquarium, Ye Olde Curiosity Shop, and the Great Wheel are among of the attractions here, but visitor can also go sightseeing on a ferry or an Argosy Cruise or head up to Pike Place Market on the terraced Overlook Walk. Seattle's waterfront features a Ferris wheel and Miners Landing, a building that houses restaurants, shops, and attractions, such as Wings Over Washington and The Crab Pot. Photograph by Wolfgang Kaehler / Alamy Stock Photo Seattleites head to the Saturday market on Western Avenue near Pike Place. Photograph by Ian Dagnall / Alamy Stock Photo Seattle Center: The 1962 World's Fair site is now a 74-acre urban park that's home to the 605-foot Space Needle, Chihuly Garden and Glass, the Museum of Pop Culture (MOPOP), a dancing fountain with its own DJ, and Seattle Center Festál, a rolling series of 25 free festivals celebrating the city's many cultural communities. The parks: Seattle has hundreds of parks in the city limits, including Volunteer Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood, which is home to Volunteer Park Conservatory and the Seattle Asian Art Museum, and 300-acre Seward Park, which has both beaches and 120-acres of old growth forest. At Lake Union Park you'll find the Center for Wooden Boats, the Museum of History and Industry, and the NW Seaport's floating fleet of historic vessels. The water: On Lake Union, kayaks and paddleboards, electric boats, donut boats, and hot tub boats are available to rent. The Center for Wooden Boats rents sailboats and offers free one-hour rowboat rentals and free monthly public sails with volunteer skippers. Where to stay in Seattle The Edgewater Hotel: Seattle's only over-the water hotel is not only right on the downtown waterfront, it's also where The Beatles stayed during their 1964 U.S. tour, famously fishing from their hotel window. Poles and bait are no longer sold in the giftshop, but the views remain notable and the hotel is steps from the free Olympic Sculpture Park and a short walk to the Seattle Aquarium and other waterfront activities. Hotel Sorrento: Built in 1909, this hotel in Seattle's First Hill neighborhood take inspiration from the storied Hotel Excelsior Vittoria in Sorrento, Italy, and is rumored to be haunted by Alice B. Toklas, of hash brownie-recipe fame. The hotel's Fireside Room hosts Silent Reading Parties during which patrons read silently, but together, while listening to live music. Inn at the Market: A boutique charmer tucked inside historic Pike Place Market, this hideaway hotel is well-loved for its restaurants, including Café Campagne, its proximity to the waterfront and to the market's offerings and for its rooftop deck offering panoramic views of Elliott Bay. (The 9 best hotels in Seattle for every kind of traveler) Fishmongers at Pike Place Market sell fresh seafood, including salmon, halibut, tuna, clams, crab, cod, and rockfish. Photograph by Gabbro / Alamy Stock Photo Taste of Seattle Seafood reigns supreme in Seattle, with fresh salmon, oysters, crab, and halibut among the options to look for on local menus. Reliable places to indulge include Walrus and Carpenter in Ballard, Taylor Shellfish Oyster Bar(Pioneer Square, Capitol Hill, Queen Anne), Oyster Cellar (Pioneer Square), Half Shell (north end of Pike Place Market) and Local Tide in the Fremont neighborhood. (7 of the best coffee shops in Seattle) Getting around Seattle By public transportation: It's easy to get around bus, light rail, and streetcar. Plan your trip using King County Metro's Trip Planner tool and pay for single rides or day passes with the Transit Go app. By car: Traffic can be challenging in the urban core. But if you've got a rental, the city's map of street parking locations and parking facilities will be useful. Rideshare services and taxis are plentiful. Here's what you should know about visiting Seattle Weather: Don't let Seattle's bad weather rep scare you. Late fall and winter can be gray and rainy, but you're more likely to encounter a day of misty rain than one filled with downpours. Pack waterproof shoes and a light raincoat and you'll blend in with the locals. Summer may start late, but stretches from mid-June through October, with average temperatures ranging from the mid-60s to the mid-70s Fahrenheit in July and August. How to visit Seattle sustainably Seattle is serious about sustainability. You'll spot recycling and composting bins in restaurants and attractions. Compostable take-out containers and utensils are standard. The city banned plastic bags back in 2012, so tuck a tote into your suitcase. Transportation: Downtown is hilly, but very walkable. Sound Transit's Link light rail is electric powered. King Couty Metro's fleet is almost entirely hybrid or zero-emission vehicles. And there are plenty of e-scooters and e-bikes available for rent. Shopping: Explore neighborhoods via vintage and secondhand stores by shopping at Barn Owl Vintage Goods in Georgetown, Lucky Vintage outlets in Fremont, Ballard and the University District, and Two Big Blondes, the country's largest plus size consignment store, in the Central District. Harriet Baskas is a Seattle-based journalist who writes about museums, airports and travel. She's the author of 9 books, including . is a Seattle-based journalist who writes about museums, airports and travel. She's the author of 9 books, including 111 Places in Seattle That You Must Not Miss

Before AI skeptics, Luddites raged against the machine...literally
Before AI skeptics, Luddites raged against the machine...literally

National Geographic

time12 hours ago

  • National Geographic

Before AI skeptics, Luddites raged against the machine...literally

Ned Ludd, the fictitious leader of the Luddites, depicted in an 1812 hand-colored etching. The Luddites named their movement after Ned Ludd due to his rebellious spirit. Photograph by Niday Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo When a band of raiders broke into knitting manufacturer's shop in Arnold, England, in March 1811 their goal wasn't to steal goods or money—it was to smash knitting frames, an early form of textile machinery. These saboteurs were known as Luddites, and those broken frames were just the beginning. Often misunderstood as anti-technology cranks, the Luddites were skilled workers who saw the potential harm that new technology could bring. Now, more than 200 years later, their rebellion feels newly relevant. As artificial intelligence continues to transform the world, age-old questions about labor and technology have reemerged. What did the Luddites fight for—and how does their struggle shed light on movements to rein in AI? Who were the Luddites? In the midst of tremendous change in early 19th-century Great Britain, discontent was brewing among weavers, stocking-makers, and saddlemakers determined to protect their livelihoods. For generations, their craftsmanship had helped make English textiles one of the nation's signature goods. 'The Luddites, as skilled craftspeople, took pride in their work, and criticized the low quality of the goods produced with new technologies,' says Gavin Mueller, assistant professor of new media and digital culture at the University of Amsterdam and author of Breaking Things at Work: The Luddites Are Right About Why You Hate Your Job. Limited Time: Bonus Issue Offer Subscribe now and gift up to 4 bonus issues—starting at $34/year. They took their name from the apprentice stocking-maker and folk hero Ned Ludd, whom scholar Steven E. Jones called 'a collective popular invention.' According to the apocryphal story, when his master scolded Ludd for his poor work, the apprentice protested by smashing a stocking-frame frame to bits. Ludd's act of protest became a rallying cry. Workers dubbed themselves 'Luddites' in honor of the man they called 'General Ludd' and 'King Ludd.' To them, he was nothing less than a Robin Hood figure who represented defiance. And as Robin Hood had Sherwood Forest, the Luddites had central and northern England, the hotbed of their industries—and a region undergoing a significant transformation powered by the Industrial Revolution. This illustration by Frank Peel depicts Rawfords Mill near Huddersfield, Yorkshire in approximately 1810. The textile mill was the first of its kind to introduce mechanization and was attacked by members of the Luddite movement in protest in 1811. Photograph byWhat were the Luddites protesting? The Industrial Revolution was fueled by a simple, marketable promise: Machines could produce goods faster and cheaper than skilled artisans. Gig mills, knitting machines, the powered loom, the spinning mule—which used 1,000 spindles at once to efficiently spin cotton into yarn—and other new textile machinery didn't need skilled workers to man them. To cut costs, factories often hired children for below minimum wage rather than working-class adults. At one factory in Cromford, children accounted for two-thirds of the 2,000-person-strong workforce. They labored under wretched working conditions, including long hours, poor food, and corporeal punishment. At the time, there were few regulations or laws to protect them. (How a tragedy transformed protections for American workers.) The rise of factory systems were rapidly reshaping the textile industry, and they knew many factory owners weren't on their side. If machines could churn out goods more cheaply and efficiently, how could traditional craftsmen compete? 'The Luddites were protesting the way that factory owners and early entrepreneurs were using technology to degrade their working conditions, erode their wages, and usher in a new kind of working—factory work—that would tear up their autonomy and leave them subservient to bosses,' says Brian Merchant, journalist and author of Blood in the Machine: The Origins of the Rebellion against Big Tech. The Napoleonic Wars only made the situation worse. The series of wars against Napoleon Bonaparte that lasted from 1793 to 1815 caused food shortages and higher taxes that darkened the nation's mood. Unemployment spiked in central and northern England—the very same places where skilled textile workers were already fearing for their jobs. An engraving from 1813 depicts Luddite textile workers protesting against the introduction of mechanized looms and other technological advancements of the industrial revolution. This new machinery threatened the Luddite's livelihoods, replacing textile craftsmen with automation. Illustration by Hablot Knight Browne, Bridgeman Images What did the Luddites do? Beginning in March 1811, bands of Luddites took matters into their own hands. In a wave of coordinated nighttime raids across Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire, and Lancashire, they broke into factories and targeted frames that directly threatened the work of skilled artisans. In this way, Luddites weren't strictly anti-technology—they protested a system that was displacing them. Manufacturers condemned the Luddites' activities, since their property was on the line. In the first year alone, Luddites destroyed up to £10,000 worth of frames. Damaging property wasn't their only MO. Workers attempted to negotiate with manufacturers, wrote threatening letters to factory owners, and explained their goals in public declarations. Factory employers found an ally in the British government, which deployed an estimated 12,000 troops to the Luddites' operating regions to brutally crush the movement. Thousands of informers in an extensive spy network were activated to gather whatever intel they could to further weaken the Luddites. Machine breaking became a capital offense, with anyone convicted possibly being sentenced to death. In January 1813, for example, a commission in York sentenced 17 Luddites to death by hanging and transported others to Australia. Despite their efforts, the Luddites were ultimately unable to stop the tide of industrialization. The number of British handloom weavers collapsed from 250,000 around 1800 to just 7,000 only 60 years later. The crackdown on the movement also helped the word 'Luddite' take on a new meaning. 'The state actively sought to cast them in a negative light to make them look foolish—and, because they lost, and because the state had influence over many of the nation's newspapers, the derogatory meaning stuck,' Merchant explains. 'Even today, 200 years later, we think of a 'luddite' as someone who dislikes technology—not someone who wages a tactical rebellion against the way elites are using it to ruin people's lives,' he says. Who are the new tech skeptics? AI is creating a new industrial revolution. And once again, creative workers find themselves on the defensive—this time against algorithms that promise efficiency at the expense of human jobs. Mueller points out, 'I think about [the Luddites] often when I see text and images generated by AI—they often strike me as inferior to work produced by even moderately skilled human beings.' (Your biggest AI questions, answered.) Concerns over AI have given rise to new organizations and movements that rage against the machine. PauseAI has picked up the Luddite mantle, protesting what it believes to be significant harms unleashed by AI. The group says that artificial intelligence will cause an erosion of democratic values, economic impacts, and an elevated risk of human extinction. The Algorithmic Justice League is another organization calling for greater accountability with AI and devotes its energy to highlighting the inequalities that the technology perpetuates. (Explore humanity's complicated relationship with robots.) Concerns over the use of AI in Hollywood was also a feature of the 2023 Writer's Guild Strike, which Mueller calls 'a classic Luddite struggle.' Though tech-skeptic groups have their own mission, Mueller sees similarities between them: 'Behind AI skepticism is a larger question. What kind of future do we want to have?' He notes that these organizations have something in common with the Luddite movement, 'a recognition that the only way to counter the power of technology is through collective action.'

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