
‘Possibly hostile' alien threat detected in unknown interstellar object, a shocking new study claims
'The consequences, should the hypothesis turn out to be correct, could potentially be dire for humanity,' the researchers wrote in the inflammatory paper, which was published July 16 to the preprint server arXiv, South West News Service reported.
3 Comet 3I/ATLAS streaks across a dense star field in this image captured by the Gemini North telescope's Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph, July 2025.
NSF NOIRLab/Int.Gemini Ob et al. / SWNS
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Dubbed 3I/ATLAS, the interstellar entity was discovered on July 1, rocketing toward the sun at more than 130,000 mph, Live Science reported. Less than 24 hours later, it was confirmed to be an interstellar object with initial observations suggesting that it could be a comet that measures up to 15 miles in diameter — larger than Manhattan.
However, in the new paper, the trio of researchers suggested that it might be a piece of extraterrestrial spy technology in disguise.
One of the researchers, Avi Loeb — a prominent Harvard astrophysicist known for linking extraterrestrial objects to alien life — previously made waves after floating the theory that 2017 interstellar object ʻOumuamua could be an artificial recon probe sent by an alien civilization, based on its odd shape and acceleration.
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In this study, which he collaborated on with Adam Hibberd and Adam Crowl of the Initiative for Interstellar Studies in London, Loeb postulated that 3I/ATLAS's trajectory suggests a similarly alien origin.
The trio felt the object's speed — which was significantly faster than ʻOumuamua and other objects — and the fact that it entered our solar system from a different angle than its predecessors offer 'various benefits to an extraterrestrial intelligence,' Loeb wrote in a blog post.
3 'The consequences, should the hypothesis turn out to be correct, could potentially be dire for humanity,' the researchers wrote in the inflammatory paper.
ESA/Hubble/NASA/ESO/M.Kornmesser / SWNS
One benefit is that 3I/ATLAS will make close approaches to Jupiter, Mars and Venus, which could allow aliens to stealthily plant spy 'gadgets' there, Loeb wrote.
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When the so-called undercover UFO reaches its closest to the Sun (perihelion) in late November, it will be concealed from Earth's view. 'This could be intentional to avoid detailed observations from Earth-based telescopes when the object is brightest or when gadgets are sent to Earth from that hidden vantage point,' Loeb declared.
If this anomaly is a 'technological artifact,' this could support the dark forest hypothesis, which argues we haven't found signs of extraterrestrial entities because they are remaining undercover to shield themselves from predators or prey.
Loeb warns that this could suggest that an attack is likely and would 'possibly require defensive measures to be undertaken.'
3 The Deep Random Survey telescope managed to capture images of interstellar object 3I/Atlas (pictured) in July 2025.
K Ly/Deep Random Survey / SWNS
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The problem is that 3I/ATLAS is traveling too fast for an Earth-based spacecraft to intercept it before it exits the solar system. 'It is therefore impractical for earthlings to land on 3I/ATLAS at closest approach by boarding chemical rockets, since our best rockets reach at most a third of that speed,' Loeb wrote.
However, other scientists have thrown cold water on the so-called alien origins of the object, which they believe is a comet.
'All evidence points to this being an ordinary comet that was ejected from another solar system, just as countless billions of comets have been ejected from our own solar system,' added Samantha Lawler, an astronomer at the University of Regina in Canada who studies solar system dynamics, Live Science reported.
In fact, even Loeb admitted in his blog that his alien spy probe theory is a bit far-fetched: 'By far, the most likely outcome will be that 3I/ATLAS is a completely natural interstellar object, probably a comet.'
The researchers also warned the public to take the paper, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, with a grain of salt.
'This paper is contingent on a remarkable but, as we shall show, testable hypothesis, to which the authors do not necessarily ascribe, yet is certainly worthy of an analysis and a report,' they wrote. 'The hypothesis is an interesting exercise in its own right, and is fun to pursue, irrespective of its likely validity.'
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However, critics have called their project a mockery of the work of other scientists, who have provided plenty of evidence that 3I/ATLAS is not evidence of a pending close encounter.
'Astronomers all around the world have been thrilled at the arrival of 3I/ATLAS, collaborating to use advanced telescopes to learn about this visitor,' Chris Lintott, an astronomer at the University of Oxford who helped simulate 3I/ATLAS's galactic origins, told Live Science. 'Any suggestion that it's artificial is nonsense on stilts, and is an insult to the exciting work going on to understand this object.'
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Yahoo
7 hours ago
- Yahoo
The asteroid that will spare Earth might hit the moon instead. What happens if it does?
The asteroid known as 2024 YR4 is out of sight yet still very much on scientists' minds. The building-sized object, which initially appeared to be on a potential collision course with Earth, is currently zooming beyond the reach of telescopes on its orbit around the sun. But as scientists wait for it to reappear, its revised trajectory is now drawing attention to another possible target: the moon. Discovered at the end of 2024, the space rock looked at first as if it might hit our planet by December 22, 2032. The chance of that impact changed with every new observation, peaking at 3.1% in February — odds that made it the riskiest asteroid ever observed. Ground- and space-based telescope observations were crucial in helping astronomers narrow in on 2024 YR4's size and orbit. With more precise measurements, researchers were ultimately able to rule out an Earth impact. The latest observations of the asteroid in early June, before YR4 disappeared from view, have improved astronomers' knowledge of where it will be in seven years by almost 20%, according to NASA. That data shows that even with Earth avoiding direct impact, YR4 could still pose a threat in late 2032 by slamming into the moon. The impact would be a once-in-a-lifetime event for humanity to witness — but it could also send fine-grained lunar material hurtling toward our planet. While Earth wouldn't face any significant physical danger should the asteroid strike the moon, there is a chance that any astronauts or infrastructure on the lunar surface at that time could be at risk — as could satellites orbiting our planet that we depend on to keep vital aspects of life, including navigation and communications, running smoothly. Any missions in low-Earth orbit could also be in the pathway of the debris, though the International Space Station is scheduled to be deorbited before any potential impact. Initially, YR4 was seen as a case study in why scientists do the crucial work of planetary defense, discovering and tracking asteroids to determine which ones have a chance of colliding with Earth. Now, astronomers say this one asteroid could redefine the range of risks the field addresses, expanding the purview of the work to include monitoring asteroids that might be headed for the moon as well. 'We're starting to realize that maybe we need to extend that shield a little bit further,' said Dr. Paul Wiegert, a professor of astronomy and physics at the Western University in London, Ontario. 'We now have things worth protecting that are a bit further away from Earth, so our vision is hopefully expanding a little bit to encompass that.' In the meantime, researchers are assessing just how much chaos a potential YR4 lunar impact could create — and whether anything can be done to mitigate it. 'City killer' on the moon The threatening hunk of rock appears as just a speck of light through even the strongest astronomical tools. In reality, YR4 is likely about 60 meters (about 200 feet) in diameter, according to observations in March by the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful space-based observatory in operation. 'Size equals energy,' said Julien de Wit, associate professor of planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who observed YR4 with Webb. 'Knowing YR4's size helped us understand how big of an explosion it could be.' Astronomers believe they have found most of the near-Earth asteroids the field would classify as 'planet killers' — space rocks that are 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) across or larger and could be civilization-ending, said Dr. Andy Rivkin, planetary astronomer from the Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland. The planet killer that slammed into Earth 66 million years ago and led to the extinction of dinosaurs was estimated to be roughly 6 miles (about 10 kilometers) in diameter. Smaller asteroids such as YR4, which was colloquially dubbed a 'city killer' after its discovery, could cause regional devastation if they collide with our planet. About 40% of near-Earth space rocks larger than 140 meters (460 feet) but smaller than a kilometer — capable of more widespread destruction — have been identified, according to NASA. But astronomers have never really had a chance to watch a collision of that size occur on the moon in real time, Wiegert said. The latest glimpses of YR4 on June 3 before it passed out of view revealed a 4.3% chance of a YR4 lunar impact — small but decent enough odds for scientists to consider how such a scenario might play out. A striking meteor shower — and a risk Initial calculations suggest the impact has the largest chance of occurring on the near side of the moon — the side we can see from Earth. 'YR4 is so faint and small we were able to measure its position with JWST longer than we were able to do it from the ground,' said Rivkin, who has been leading the Webb study of YR4. 'And that lets us calculate a much more precise orbit for it, so we now have a much better idea of where it will be and won't be.' The collision could create a bright flash that would be visible with the naked eye for several seconds, according to Wiegert, lead author of a recent paper submitted to the American Astronomical Society journals analyzing the potential lunar impact. The collision could create an impact crater on the moon estimated at 1 kilometer wide (0.6 miles wide), Wiegert said — about the size of Meteor Crater in Arizona, Rivkin added. It would be the largest impact on the moon in 5,000 years and could release up to 100 million kilograms (220 million pounds) of lunar rocks and dust, according to the modeling in Wiegert's study. Even pieces of debris that are just tens of centimeters in size could present a hazard for any astronauts who may be present on the moon, or any structures they have built for research and habitation, Wiegert said. The moon has no atmosphere, so the debris from the event could be widespread on the lunar surface, he added. On average, the moon is 238,855 miles (384,400 kilometers) away from Earth, according to NASA. Particles the size of large sand grains, ranging from 0.1 to 10 millimeters in size, of lunar material could reach Earth between a few days and a few months after the asteroid strike because they'll be traveling incredibly fast, creating an intense, eye-catching meteor shower, Wiegert said. 'There's absolutely no danger to anyone on the surface,' Wiegert said. 'We're not expecting large boulders or anything larger than maybe a sugar cube, and our atmosphere will protect us very nicely from that. But they're traveling faster than a speeding bullet, so if they were to hit a satellite, that could cause some damage.' Not all lunar debris that reaches the Earth is so small, and it depends on the angle and type of impact to the moon, according to Washington University in St. Louis. Space rocks slamming into the lunar surface over millions of years have resulted in various sizes of lunar meteorites found on Earth. Preparing for impact Hundreds to thousands of impacts from millimeter-size debris could affect Earth's satellite fleet, meaning satellites could experience up to 10 years' equivalent of meteor debris exposure in a few days, Wiegert said. Humankind depends on vital space infrastructure, said Dan Oltrogge, chief scientist at COMSPOC, a space situational awareness software company that develops solutions for handling hazards such as space debris. 'Space touches almost every aspect of our lives today, ranging from commerce, communications, travel, industry, education, and social media, so a loss of access to and effective use of space presents a serious risk to humanity,' Oltrogge said. The event is unlikely to trigger a Kessler Syndrome scenario in which debris from broken satellites would collide with others to create a domino effect or fall to Earth. Instead, it might be more akin to when a piece of gravel strikes a car windshield at high speed, meaning solar panels or other delicate satellite parts might be damaged, but the satellite will remain in one piece, Wiegert said. While a temporary loss of communication and navigation from satellites would create widespread difficulties on Earth, Wiegert said he believes the potential impact is something for satellite operators, rather than the public, to worry about. Protecting Earth and the moon Scientists and astronomers around the world are thinking about the possible scenarios since they could not rule out a lunar impact before YR4 disappeared from view, Wiegert said. 'We realize that an impact to the moon could be consequential, so what would we do?' de Wit said. A potential planetary defense plan might be clearer if the asteroid were headed straight for Earth. Rivkin helped test one approach in September 2022 as the principal investigator of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, which intentionally slammed a spacecraft into the asteroid Dimorphos in September 2022. Dimorphos is a moonlet asteroid that orbits a larger parent asteroid known as Didymos. Neither poses a threat to Earth, but the double-asteroid system was a perfect target to test deflection technology because Dimorphos' size is comparable to asteroids that could harm our planet in the event of an impact. The DART mission crashed a spacecraft into the asteroid at 13,645 miles per hour (6 kilometers per second) to find out whether such a kinetic impact would be enough to change the motion of a celestial object in space. It worked. Since the day of the collision, data from ground-based telescopes has revealed that the DART spacecraft did alter Dimorphos' orbital period — or how long it takes to make a single revolution around Didymos — by about 32 or 33 minutes. And scientists have continued to observe additional changes to the pair, including how the direct hit likely deformed Dimorphos due to the asteroid's composition. Similarly, if YR4 strikes the moon and doesn't result in damaging effects for satellites, it could create a tremendous opportunity for researchers to learn how the lunar surface responds to impacts, Wiegert said. But whether it would make sense to send a DART-like mission to knock YR4 off a collision course with the moon remains to be seen. It will depend on future risk assessments by planetary defense groups when the asteroid comes back into view around 2028, de Wit said. Though defense plans for a potential moon impact still aren't clear, YR4's journey underscores the importance — and the challenges — of tracking objects that are often impossible to see. Hidden threats YR4 was detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System, or ATLAS telescope, in Río Hurtado, Chile, two days after the asteroid had already made its closest pass by Earth, hidden by the bright glare of the sun as it approached our planet. The same thing occurred when an asteroid measuring roughly 20 meters (about 65 feet) across hit the atmosphere and exploded above Chelyabinsk, Russia, on February 15, 2013, damaging thousands of buildings, according to the European Space Agency. While no one died, about 1,500 people were injured when the windows in homes and businesses blew out due to the shock wave. Trying to observe asteroids is challenging for many reasons, Rivkin said. Asteroids are incredibly faint and hard to see because rather than emitting their own light, they only reflect sunlight. And because of their relatively tiny size, interpreting observations is not a clear-cut process like looking through a telescope at a planet such as Mars or Jupiter. 'For asteroids, we only see them as a point of light, and so by measuring how bright they are and measuring their temperature, basically we can get a size based on how big do they have to be in order to be this bright,' Rivkin said. For decades, astronomers have had to search for faint asteroids by night, which means missing any that may be on a path coming from the direction of the sun — creating the world's biggest blind spot for ground-based telescopes that can't block out our star's luminosity. But upcoming telescopes — including NASA's NEO Surveyor expected to launch by the end of 2027 and the European Space Agency's Near-Earth Object Mission in the InfraRed, or NEOMIR satellite, set for liftoff in the early 2030s — could shrink that blind spot, helping researchers detect asteroids much closer to the sun. 'NEOMIR would have detected asteroid 2024 YR4 about a month earlier than ground-based telescopes did,' said Richard Moissl, head of ESA's Planetary Defence Office, in a statement. 'This would have given astronomers more time to study the asteroid's trajectory and allowed them to much sooner rule out any chance of Earth impact in 2032.' NASA and other space agencies are constantly on the lookout for potentially hazardous asteroids, defined as such based on their distance from Earth and ability to cause significant damage should an impact occur. Asteroids that can't get any closer to our planet than one-twentieth of Earth's distance from the sun are not considered to be potentially hazardous asteroids, according to NASA. When the new Vera C. Rubin Observatory, located in the Andes in Chile, released its first stunning images of the cosmos in June, researchers revealed the discovery of more than 2,100 previously unknown asteroids after seven nights of those newly detected space rocks, seven were near-Earth objects. A near-Earth object is an asteroid or comet on an orbit that brings it within 120 million miles (about 190 million kilometers) of the sun, which means it has the potential to pass near Earth, according to NASA. None of the new ones detected by Rubin were determined to pose a threat to our planet. Rubin will act as a great asteroid hunter, de Wit said, while telescopes such as Webb could be a tracker that follow up on Rubin's discoveries. A proposal by Rivkin and de Wit to use Webb to observe YR4 in the spring of 2026 has just been approved. Webb is the only telescope with a chance of glimpsing the asteroid before 2028. 'This newly approved program will buy decision makers two extra years to prepare — though most likely to relax, as there is an 80% chance of ruling out impact — while providing key experience-based lessons for handling future potential impactors to be discovered by Vera Rubin,' de Wit said. And because of the twists and turns of YR4's tale thus far, asteroids that have potential to affect the moon could become objects of even more intense study in the future. 'If this really is a thing that we only have to worry about every 5,000 years or something, then maybe that's less pressing,' Rivkin said. 'But even just asking what would we do if we did see something that was going to hit the moon is at least something that we can now start thinking about.' Sign up for CNN's Wonder Theory science newsletter. Explore the universe with news on fascinating discoveries, scientific advancements and more.
Yahoo
16 hours ago
- Yahoo
2 stars in 'serpent god of destruction' system are hurling their blazing guts at each other, James Webb telescope reveals
When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. The James Webb Space Telescope has captured a stunning new image of two dying stars wreathed in a spiral of dust. The highly rare star system is located some 8,000 light-years from Earth, within our Milky Way galaxy. Upon its discovery in 2018, it was nicknamed Apep, after the ancient Egyptian serpent god of chaos and destruction, as its writhing pattern of shed dust resembles a snake eating its own tail. Now, a new image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has captured the system in unprecedented detail, revealing that it doesn't contain just one dying star, but two — with a third star chomping on their dust shrouds. The researchers published their findings July 19 in two papers on the preprint server arXiv, and they have not been peer-reviewed yet. "We expected Apep to look like one of these elegant pinwheel nebulas," study co-author Benjamin Pope, a professor in statistical data science at Macquarie University in Sydney, wrote in The Conversation. "To our surprise, it did not." Nebulas such as these are formed by Wolf-Rayet stars. These rare, slowly dying stars have lost their outer hydrogen shells, leaving them to spew gusts of ionized helium, carbon and nitrogen from their insides. Wolf-Rayet stars explode as supernovas after a few million years of sputtering, at most. But until then, the radiation pressure from their light unfurls their innards, stretching them out into giant phantom jellyfish in the night sky. Related: Space photo of the week: James Webb telescope reveals mysterious 'light echo' in the broken heart of Cassiopeia These superheated contents, especially carbon dust that is later recycled into planets and the material in our own bodies, is so hot that it glows brightly in the infrared spectrum. By capturing these infrared photons with the Very Large Telescope in Chile, astronomers got their first peek at the system in 2018. Now, by training JWST's sensitive Mid-Infrared Instrument on Apep, the team has captured it in even more detail, revealing it to be even more unusual than first thought. RELATED STORIES —James Webb telescope shocks scientists with image of ancient galaxy roaring back to life —Dry ice 'geysers' erupt on Mars as spring hits the Red Planet —James Webb and Hubble telescopes unite to solve 'impossible' planet mystery "It turns out Apep isn't just one powerful star blasting a weaker companion, but two Wolf-Rayet stars," Pope wrote. "The rivals have near-equal strength winds, and the dust is spread out in a very wide cone and wrapped into a wind-sock shape." Making the situation even more complex is a third star — a stable giant that's carving out a cavity in the dust spit out by its dying siblings. Beyond making for a stunning picture, Pope said, studying Apep could tell us more about how stars die and the carbon dust they leave behind. "The violence of stellar death carves puzzles that would make sense to Newton and Archimedes, and it is a scientific joy to solve them and share them," Pope wrote. Solve the daily Crossword


Newsweek
18 hours ago
- Newsweek
MrBeast Makes Astronomer Joke After Gwyneth Paltrow Video
Based on facts, either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources. Newsweek AI is in beta. Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content. MrBeast, who was recently named the top content creator in the world by Forbes, has reacted to one of the year's most viral stories, the Astronomer Coldplay "kiss-cam scandal." In a post on X, formerly Twitter, MrBeast responded to the company's recent marketing video, which featured Gwyneth Paltrow. Newsweek has reached out to a representative for MrBeast via email for comment. Why It Matters MrBeast's social media post comes after a split-second clip of Astronomer CEO Andy Byron and his colleague Kristin Cabot was shared on social media and promptly broke the internet. The video, first shared by instaagraace on TikTok, has been viewed over 128 million times as of time of writing. Left, MrBeast speaks onstage during YouTube Brandcast 2025 at David Geffen Hall in New York City on May 14, 2025. Right, Gwyneth Paltrow attends the 2025 Breakthrough Prize Ceremony at Barker Hangar in Santa Monica,... Left, MrBeast speaks onstage during YouTube Brandcast 2025 at David Geffen Hall in New York City on May 14, 2025. Right, Gwyneth Paltrow attends the 2025 Breakthrough Prize Ceremony at Barker Hangar in Santa Monica, California, on April 5, 2025. More Taylor Hill/FilmMagic/for YouTube In the clip, the jumbotron lands on the pair and they promptly sprang apart. Coldplay's lead singer Chris Martin, says: "Either they're having an affair or they're just really shy." The pair were later identified as Byron, CEO of the tech firm Astronomer, and Cabot, the company's head of Human Resources. Both have now resigned. What To Know On July 26, Astronomer shared a light-hearted marketing video which capitalizes on the attention that has been brought to the company since the now infamous Coldplay canoodling. The video features Paltrow, Martin's Oscar-winning ex-wife, as a "very temporary spokesperson." MrBeast, real name Jimmy Donaldson, responded to this on X. In a post that has been viewed over 230,000 times, he wrote, "Can I be CEO." Astronomer's board of directors have announced that they will start a formal search for their new chief executive. Company co-founder Pete DeJoy has taken over as interim CEO. He said on Monday that Astronomer has faced an "unusual and surreal" amount of attention in recent days. Astronomer is a New York-based company that helps companies develop, grow, and analyze products using artificial intelligence. MrBeast, whose YouTube channel boasts over 416 million subscribers, is the owner of multiple companies, including Feastables and MrBeast Burger. He has previously shared posts on social media expressing interest in buying the social media platform X from Elon Musk. In June, as part of their list of Top Content Creators, Forbes reported that MrBeast had earnings of $85 million. Back in 2022, Forbes reported the 27-year-old could become the world's "first YouTuber billionaire," reporting at the time that he had a net worth of $500 million. What People Are Saying An Astronomer spokesperson previously told Newsweek in a statement: "Astronomer is committed to the values and culture that have guided us since our founding. Our leaders are expected to set the standard in both conduct and accountability, and recently, that standard was not met." What's Next The search for Astronomer's new CEO is ongoing.