Decision blocking Irish investors from pursuing Cork developer of Polish shopping centre overturned

Irish Examiner

26-05-2025

The Supreme Court has overturned a decision that an Irish developer of a shopping centre in Poland could not be pursued here for a €6.3m judgement obtained against him in Poland on behalf of 57 Irish investors.
Last year, Michael Scully won an appeal in the Court of Appeal (CoA) over the enforcement of the Polish judgement here.
Coucal Ltd, a company to which the investors had assigned their rights, appealed that decision to the Supreme Court.
A five-judge Supreme Court yesterday overturned the CoA decision and said Mr Scully could be pursued for enforcement of the judgement here.
Mr Scully, a Clonalkilty farmer who also co-owned Castle Carbery Properties Ltd which built the shopping centre in Opole, Poland, in 2009, had appealed a decision of the High Court that a Polish judgement over the investment scheme against him could be enforced here. Some €48m was borrowed for the purpose of funding the shopping centre.
The CoA allowed Mr Scully's appeal after finding that the use of Coucal, a Polish special purpose vehicle company set up by the investors, which brought the case against him in Poland, represented 'the commodification of litigation' which was clearly prohibited by Irish public policy.
The 57 investors alleged they were defrauded by Mr Scully when he induced them to divest themselves of their investments in the shopping centre, on terms which were very unfavourable to them and very favourable to Mr Scully. Those claims were denied.
While proceedings against Mr Scully in Poland were initially unsuccessful, by 2021 the Warsaw Court of Appeal found that Mr Scully had wrongfully and without authority purported to enter into agreements on behalf of Coucal's shareholders. It awarded judgement against him for some €6.3m.
The Warsaw appeal court also permitted Coucal to bring proceedings in Ireland to enforce the judgement against assets he owns here, including a farm in Co Cork.
Mr Scully then brought proceedings here against Coucal Ltd seeking refusal of recognition and enforcement of the Polish judgment. The application was brought under an EU regulation, called Brussels I Recast, relating to enforcement of civil and commercial judgements across the EU.
In the meantime, Mr Scully had appealed the judgement to the Polish Supreme Court, which decided to make a reference to the Court of Justice of the EU relating to issues concerning judicial independence and impartiality and, in particular, the claimed lack of independence of one of the Polish Court of Appeal judges.
Mr Scully's case here was rejected by the High Court in November 2022 and he appealed, winning the appeal in the CoA just over a year ago.
Coucal then sought, and was granted, an appeal to the Supreme Court.
In two separate concurring judgements on behalf of the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Donal O'Donnell and Mr Justice Gerard Hogan allowed the appeal.
The Chief Justice said it was clear that enforcement of the judgement in this case did not approach the required standard for being an exceptional case in which recognition of a foreign judgement should be refused on grounds of public policy.
Mr Justice Hogan said in the circumstances of this case, one cannot say that the recognition of the Polish judgement should be refused on the ground that to do so would be 'manifestly contrary to public policy' in this State within the meaning of the Brussels Recast regulation.
He said his judgement was subject to the caveat that, while the CoA declined to adjudicate on this issue of Polish judicial independence, which had been argued by Mr Scully in the case, he now invited the parties to make further submissions on this issue.
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