I Followed My Doctor's Orders Religiously, But Didn't Seem To Get Better. Then I Made A Shocking Discovery.
I decided to go to school that day, but the moment I sat down for my calculus lecture, I knew something was wrong. The equations on the whiteboard blurred before my eyes, and the room spun like a carnival ride.
I went to see a doctor and she confirmed my suspicions: I was concussed.
Sitting in the exam room, I read the recovery instructions the doctor gave me with a mixture of pain and a slight sense of relief. I was told to stay in a dark room with no stimulation — no loud noise, bright light, strong smells or cognitive triggers — until I felt my symptoms start to improve.
'How long will it take?' I asked. The doctor assured me that most concussions resolve within a week or two. We scheduled a follow-up for the following week, and before I left, she handed me thick packet of return-to-play guidelines intended for high school football players. The irony wasn't lost on me — I wasn't a football player.
I went straight home, popped an Advil, turned off the lights, and got in bed. As a perfectionist and a rule-follower, I stuck to the doctor's instructions religiously. My phone went on 'Do Not Disturb' and I committed myself to absolute rest.
The following days were agonizing — an endless cycle of boredom and restlessness. I spent most of the time staring at the ceiling with my thoughts clouded by an aching brain. By the end of the week, I was desperate to return to my normal routine. However, when I tried to read the morning newspaper, the words swirled on the page, and a throbbing pain forced me back into bed.
At my follow-up appointment, my doctor seemed unconcerned by my lingering symptoms. I was advised to continue brain rest and take another week off school.
A month later, I was still struggling. Mundane tasks like walking the dog, driving to the grocery store, or having a five-minute conversation felt almost impossible. I was living in a constant haze, as though I was trapped behind a concussion-induced fog. I returned to my doctor, who finally referred me to the concussion sports clinic at UCSF, where I began a long and frustrating journey of treatments including physical therapy, an occipital nerve block, acupuncture and electrical nerve stimulation, just to name a few.
It wasn't until the next year that I began to feel significantly better. The symptoms became more manageable, and I started resuming daily activities. But as anyone who has experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI) knows, the risk of reinjury is high. Like a sprained ankle prone to future sprains, a concussed brain is more susceptible to subsequent injuries. Physicians found that post-concussion, there is a greater chance of sustaining another concussion and that those injuries often occur even if less force is involved and take longer to resolve.
My second concussion happened far less dramatically than my first. While laughing with a friend outside my senior high school history classroom, I stepped forward just as she stepped back, and our heads collided.
It seemed absurd that something so minor could cause such a significant setback. After all, as a child, I'd surely hit my head countless times on the playground or in dance class. But the symptoms were undeniable. In the years that followed, I experienced additional head injuries — from car doors, on crowded dance floors, and other unremarkable incidents.
While each concussion was uniquely challenging, there was a critical difference between my first and subsequent injuries: I had better information. During recovery from my second concussion, I stumbled upon a website called the Concussion Alliance. One section, in bold letters, read: Concussion Myths. One myth stood out: 'Do not lie in a dark room.' As I sat in the suffocating silence of my pitch-black room, tears streaming down my face, I realized I'd been doing everything wrong.
After discovering this information, I scheduled an appointment with a new doctor at the concussion clinic. She was shocked by the outdated advice I had initially received, and explained that many physicians still relied on obsolete concussion protocols due to the recent and ongoing changes in concussion research.
In 2022, the Concussion Sports Group published recovery guidelines based on the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport. Their findings confirmed that recommending strict rest until the complete resolution of concussion-related symptoms, sometimes referred to as cocooning or cocoon therapy, is often not beneficial. Relative rest (such as limiting screen time and other activities of daily living) is encouraged immediately and for up to the first two days after injury.
Slowly, I began incorporating parts of my daily routine back into my life, pushing just beyond my comfort zone but not to the point of danger. Surprisingly, weightlifting became my greatest ally. Through cautious and deliberate exercise, I found a way to challenge my body and rebuild my confidence. With time, I felt stronger — both physically and mentally.
With this new understanding, I began to approach concussion recovery in an entirely different way. To my pleasant surprise, I found that my subsequent concussions lasted only a fraction as long as my earlier ones did, and they didn't disrupt my social, academic, or daily life as much as they once had.
I am currently in my second year of undergraduate studies at UC Berkeley. From bunk beds to frat parties to scooter accidents, there are numerous opportunities for concussions to occur. I have been disheartened by the number of peers who have been diagnosed with concussions and still follow the same outdated protocols my doctor prescribed to me when I was 16.
One day, as I was aimlessly scrolling through Instagram, I stumbled upon a friend's story. In bold white letters on a black background, it read: 'No one ever tells you how bored you are with a concussion. Like, wtf am I supposed to do in the dark all alone? I'm bored.'
I immediately swiped up. My friend explained that she was in her second week of isolating in her room. I offered to hop on a call, but she couldn't tolerate phone conversations due to her symptoms, so we exchanged voice notes instead. She had been in a car accident and felt hopeless, unable to return to her normal life. I shared my own experience, and that day, she made a small step toward recovery by listening to her favorite podcast. A week later, I woke up to a message that read, 'Thank you. You saved me.'
Of course, I am not a physician and no one should attempt to heal from a concussion without professional medical advice. If you ever find yourself with a head injury, see a doctor immediately. However, it's never a bad idea to be informed and educated about TBI and the recent research that has upended the way concussions are treated. It is this information that could make a world of difference in your recovery.
Today, I still grapple with the lasting effects of my initial concussion. Amid the usual worries of maintaining a good GPA, securing a summer internship, and getting to class on time, the fear of hitting my head remains ever-present. I've discovered that I may always have lingering symptoms from my concussions, some of which are more difficult to pinpoint than others, including frequent migraines and difficulty with balance and coordination. But I've also found a path forward. I've used Botox treatments to help with my residual headaches and I am extra careful about avoiding crowded spaces where collisions are more likely to occur.
There is still so much we don't know about brain injuries, but what we do know should be used wisely. Recovery for me — and now the vast majority of people — isn't about shutting out the world and living in complete darkness. It's about balance, patience, and informed care. My experience taught me that healing is possible, but it starts with access to the right information.
Sarah Goody is a social entrepreneur and climate activist currently studying at the University of California, Berkeley. She is the founder of Climate NOW, a global youth-led organization that has empowered over 10,000 young people to take action on climate change. Her activism has garnered political attention from leaders, and she has served as an advisory member for Lady Gaga's Born This Way Foundation. Recognized for her impact, Sarah received the prestigious Princess Diana Award in 2020. She is passionate about the intersections of public health, sustainability, business, and law.
Do you have a compelling personal story you'd like to see published on HuffPost? Find out what we're looking for here and send us a pitch at pitch@huffpost.com.
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WNBA All-Star Game 2025: Caitlin Clark Opens Up About Injury Recovery, Her Mental-Health Musts, and the One Health Stat Every Woman Should Know
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Anxiety Diagnosis
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Many anxiety symptoms are physical, including: racing heart shortness of breath shaking sweating chills hot flashes chest pain twitching dry mouth nausea vomiting diarrhea frequent urination Your doctor may perform a physical exam and order a variety of tests to rule out medical conditions that mimic anxiety symptoms. Medical conditions with similar symptoms include: heart attack angina mitral valve prolapse tachycardia asthma hyperthyroidism adrenal gland tumors menopause side effects of certain drugs, such as drugs for high blood pressure, diabetes, and thyroid disorders withdrawal from certain drugs, such as those used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders substance abuse or withdrawal Diagnostic tests It's suggested that you complete a self-assessment questionnaire before other testing. This can help you decide whether you may have an anxiety disorder or if you may be reacting to a certain situation or event. If your self-assessments lead you to believe that you may have an anxiety disorder, your doctor may then ask you to take a clinical assessment or conduct a structured interview with you. Your doctor may use one or more of the following tests to assess your level of anxiety. Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale The Zung test is a 20-item questionnaire. It asks you to rate your anxiety from 'a little of the time' to 'most of the time' on subjects such as: nervousness anxiety shaking rapid heartbeat fainting frequent urination nightmares Once you complete this test, a trained professional assesses your responses. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) Developed in 1959, the Hamilton test was one of the first rating scales for anxiety. It's still widely used in clinical and research settings. It involves 14 questions that rate moods, fears, and tension, as well as physical, mental, and behavioral traits. A professional must administer the Hamilton test. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) The BAI helps measure the severity of your anxiety. You can take the test by yourself. It may also be given orally by a professional or paraprofessional. There are 21 multiple-choice questions that ask you to rate your experience of symptoms during the past week. These symptoms include tingling, numbness, and fear. Answer options include 'not at all,' 'mildly,' 'moderately,' or 'severely.' Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) This 17-question self-assessment measures your level of social phobia. You rate your anxiety in relation to various social situations on a scale from zero to four. Zero indicates no anxiety. Four indicates extreme anxiety. Penn State Worry Questionnaire This test is the most widely used measure of worry. It distinguishes between social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The test uses 16 questions to measure your worry's generality, excessiveness, and uncontrollability. 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With GAD, you may worry about many different things at once or over time, and the worries are often constant. Diagnostic criteria An anxiety diagnosis depends a lot on your description of the symptoms you're experiencing. Mental health professionals use the 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' (often called the DSM) to diagnose anxiety and other mental disorders based on symptoms. The criteria differ for each anxiety disorder. The DSM lists the following criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): excessive anxiety and worry most days about many things for at least six months difficulty controlling your worry appearance of three of the following six symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, and difficulty concentrating symptoms significantly interfering with your life symptoms not being caused by direct psychological effects of medications or medical conditions symptoms aren't due to another mental disorder (e.g. anxiety about oncoming panic attacks with panic disorder, anxiety due to a social disorder, etc.) Anxiety diagnosis in children Childhood and the teenage years are full of new, frightening experiences and events. Some children learn to confront and accept these fears. However, an anxiety disorder can make it difficult or impossible for a child to cope. The same diagnostic criteria and assessments that are used for adults apply to children, too. In the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5 (ADIS-5), your doctor interviews both you and your child about their symptoms. Symptoms in children are similar to those in adults. If you notice anxiety symptoms or any anxious or worrying behaviors that last for more than two weeks, take your child to the doctor. There, they can be checked for an anxiety disorder. Some research suggests that anxiety can have a genetic component. If anyone in your family has ever been diagnosed with anxiety or a depressive disorder, get your child evaluated as soon as you notice symptoms. A proper diagnosis can lead to interventions to help them manage anxiety at a young age. What to do if you're diagnosed with anxiety Focus on managing your anxiety rather than on ending or curing it. Learning how best to control your anxiety can help you live a more fulfilled life. You can work on stopping your anxiety symptoms from getting in the way of reaching your goals or aspirations. To help manage your anxiety, you have several options. Medication If you or your child is diagnosed with anxiety, your doctor will likely refer you to a psychiatrist who can decide what anxiety medications will work best. Sticking to the recommended treatment plan is crucial for the medications to work effectively. Try not to delay your treatment. The earlier you begin, the more effective it will be. Therapy You might also consider seeing a therapist or joining a support group for people with anxiety so that you can talk openly about your anxiety. This can help you control your worries and get to the bottom of what triggers your anxiety. Lifestyle choices Find active ways to relieve your stress. This can lessen the impact that anxiety may have on you. Some things you can do include: Get regular exercise. Find hobbies that engage or occupy your mind. Participate in activities that you enjoy. Keep a daily journal of thoughts and activities. Create short-term or long-term schedules. Socialize with friends. Also, avoid alcohol, nicotine, and other similar drugs. The effects of these substances can make your anxiety worse. Communication Be open with your family and close friends about your diagnosis, if possible. It's not easy to talk about any mental disorder. However, the more the people around you understand your anxiety, the easier it becomes to communicate your thoughts and needs to them. Anxiety relief tips Stick to the treatment plan recommended by your psychiatrist. Consider seeing a therapist or joining a support group for people with anxiety. Find active ways to relieve your stress, such as getting regular exercise or keeping a daily journal. Be open with your family and close friends about your diagnosis, if possible. Avoid alcohol, nicotine, and other similar drugs. Focus on managing your anxiety rather than on ending or curing it.
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Best compression socks for every need, including chronic venous insufficiency
Get the extra support you need from your socks to boost circulation and enhance recovery from brands like 2XU, Vim & Vigr and Copper Compression. Compression socks are a type of specialized sock designed to help improve circulation in your lower extremities, encouraging blood and fluid movement back toward your heart. They're tighter than your average pair of Hanes, and for good reason: High-quality compression socks may help reduce symptoms of lymphedema and edema and reduce vein-related clotting emergencies, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Compression socks can also help ease the discomfort of chronic venous insufficiency, a common blood pooling disorder that increases your risk of pulmonary embolism. "Chronic venous insufficiency is when the valves in the [legs'] veins have stopped working," says Dr. Kristy Golden, a podiatric surgeon at Kaiser Permanente in Maryland. "Compression socks act like an external fluid circulation management system, almost like an external vein." That said, companies make lots of claims regarding the potential benefits of compression socks, some of which aren't totally accurate. That's why we decided to test some of the best compression socks to really figure out which pairs are worth purchasing. Considering that even the most expensive compression socks typically cost less than $50 a pair, you may get a lot of benefit from purchasing such a humble piece of clothing. In our quest to find the best of the best, we tested and researched 16 pairs of self-proclaimed compression socks from brands like Bombas, Copper Compression and Vim & Vigr. We wore them for multiple days and during a variety of activities (walking, running errands, jogging and hiking) to get a true feel for what each one could do. We also spoke to two physical therapists and several doctors to better understand the science of compression socks, how they impact your heart and foot health, along with any health benefits or dangers we should look out for. Table of contents Best overall compression socks More compression socks we like for 2025 Types of compression socks Factors to consider when making a purchase of compression socks How we chose the best compression socks When to see a doctor FAQs Other products we tested Meet our experts Update, July 22, 2025: We checked all product prices and availability. Our picks for the best compression socks remain unchanged. Best overall compression socks (back to top) More compression socks we like for 2025 (back to top) Types of compression socks There are several types of compression socks available, so it's important to understand the differences. Graduated compression socks: This type of compression garment provides the most pressure at the ankle, which gradually decreases between the ankle and the knee or thigh, depending on the height of the sock. Doctors often prescribe graduated compression socks for individuals with venous disease or edema to help support circulation and to prevent the pooling of fluid at the ankles, but any socks with mm Hg pressure ratings from mild to firm fall into this category. Anti-embolism stockings: Used to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot that forms in the leg, these stockings typically stretch from the foot to the thighs, although sometimes there are knee-high options. They're typically prescribed for individuals who are confined to bed, especially post-surgery, or as treatment for specific conditions. Similar to graduated compression socks, they offer targeted compression to improve blood flow and prevent clots. "Compression" socks or nonmedical compression hosiery: Because the word compression isn't regulated, any brand can add "compression" to its marketing language as a way to promote its socks. And to be fair, these products are typically tighter and offer greater support than options that don't use compression-related language. That said, they may not provide any verifiable level of pressure (as measured in mm Hg), so they wouldn't be appropriate to rely on if you're in need of a specific level of pressure for health conditions, pregnancy or athletic performance. Factors to consider when making a purchase of compression socks Before adding those socks to your cart, there are a few things to consider. First and foremost: compression. The appropriate level varies according to personal needs, whether for a medical condition or other uses. Nonmedical support hosiery typically has low compression of 8-15 mm Hg (appropriate for all-day, everyday wear), while prescription medical socks can reach much higher levels of 3050 mm Hg. If you have a medical condition or concern, seek advice from a medical professional to determine what level of compression is best for you. Otherwise, here's a quick guide: Low compression (8-15 mm Hg): Recommended for mild symptoms like achiness, tired muscles, minor swelling or discomfort from long periods of sitting or standing. Low compression is also appropriate for traveling, particularly if you don't have risk factors for DVT. Moderate compression (15-20 mm Hg): Suitable for moderate swelling, preventing varicose veins during pregnancy and long flights. Firm compression (20-30 mm Hg): Used for severe swelling or recovery from some surgeries to prevent blood clots. May also be ideal for sports performance and recovery. Extra-firm compression (30-40 mm Hg): Entering medical-grade territory, these may be prescribed for conditions like varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency or DVT. Medical-grade compression (40-50 mm Hg): Typically prescribed for serious medical conditions like lymphedema (severe swelling caused by lymph fluid buildup) and chronic venous disorders. Other factors to think about include: Length: Compression socks come in various lengths, such as ankle, crew, knee- and thigh-high socks. Each provides different support levels, with full-length socks being the most supportive, cradling the foot, ankle and calf. Material: Some options are made from breathable, moisture-wicking fabrics to reduce moisture and odors, while others feature tighter materials for optimal compression. Consider your primary needs before choosing. Style and color: Compression socks come in all the colors of the rainbow, from fun and funky to neutral hues like black, white and gray. There are many patterns too. Choose a pair you'll consistently wear; if you don't usually opt for bold prints, stick to something plainer. Fit: These socks should be snug but not uncomfortably tight. Most options have a decent size range, but always check the sizing guide before purchasing. An ill-fitting pair may not be effective or comfortable. Intended use: Each pair of compression socks is designed for specific uses, such as all-day wear, sports, pregnancy, travel or foot and ankle pain. Determine what you need them for, even if it's just daily support to reduce swelling and fatigue. Price and brand reputation: Ensure the socks fit your budget, especially if you plan to buy more later. All featured brands are known for quality and customer satisfaction, but if exploring other options, consider brand reputation as well. How we chose the best compression socks When choosing the best compression socks, we relied on research and at-home testing. We consulted Milica McDowell, a doctor of physical therapy, certified exercise physiologist and VP of operations at Gait Happens, an online platform for foot education. After she explained the technical aspects of compression socks, we tested and researched 16 pairs from brands like Bombas, Copper Compression, Vim & Vigr and Feetures. Here's the testing process: Daily wear: Each pair was worn for at least one full day, from morning to night. Observations: Throughout the day, we noted fit, material, feel and comfort. Shoe compatibility: We wore comfortable shoes that were neither too tight nor too loose to avoid impacting the feel of the socks. Product claims: After a full day of wear, we compared our experience with the product descriptions, considering claims about breathability and muscle fatigue. Other factors: We also evaluated targeted compression, sensory stimulation and impact protection. When to see a doctor While compression socks have plenty of benefits, they are not a cure-all for several health conditions. "If there is pain in the calf muscle and you have varicose veins or leg swelling, it's really important to be evaluated by a doctor to make sure that you don't have a blood clot," says Golden. It's also key to get properly fitted for compression socks if you're dealing with a serious condition like lymphedema or chronic venous insufficiency. If you're pregnant and dealing with sudden severe foot swelling, Marchand recommends seeing a doctor as soon as possible, as this could be a sign of DVT or another serious condition. "Persistent swelling that doesn't improve with rest, elevation or compression socks, or swelling accompanied by symptoms such as high blood pressure, headache, vision changes or pain in one leg, should be discussed with your ob-gyn," says Marchand. FAQs What compression level do I need in compression socks? Generally speaking, unless you have a medical condition and have been prescribed a certain level of compression by a physician, most folks should stay under 20 mm Hg, McDowell says. She also notes that you'll definitely know if your pair is too tight: "You could experience cramping or numbness and tingling, like when your foot falls asleep." If you have any doubts about your socks being too tight, you should probably ditch them and opt for something a bit less compressive. However, if you're unsure about the compression level you need, you can always seek professional advice from your doctor. How do I know my correct compression sock size? Most websites have a sizing guide you can refer to. Many brands recommend sizing up rather than down if you're between sizes; however, for greater compression, you may prefer to size down. You may also want to measure the circumference of your calves in addition to your shoe size to determine whether you need to find compression socks sized for wider calves. How long should I wear compression socks each day? McDowell explains that the optimal wear time for compression socks varies. Typically, they're beneficial for 30 minutes to a few hours. The duration also depends on the reason you're wearing them. For instance, people recovering from a high-impact run may want to wear them for the first few hours after getting home, while those wearing them for pregnancy or travel can keep them on for the entire day as long as they fit comfortably. Golden recommends putting on your compression socks first thing in the morning before any swelling fluid has time to settle in your lower legs, and taking them off before bed for more comfortable fluid control. Can I wear compression socks while sleeping? According to Cleveland Clinic, you can wear compression socks while sleeping. However, this may be unnecessary. This is especially true for anyone with venous issues and ulcers who may need to air their skin at night. What are the benefits of wearing compression socks? McDowell notes that compression socks have many benefits: "[They can help] improve circulation, improve recovery from sports or work, [help you] get ready faster for your next sport or work session, improve proprioception and balance and even provide feelings of safety and comfort." What's the difference between compression socks and regular socks? "Regular socks don't have a prescribed amount of squeeze (compression), and they're sewn on a circular loom," McDowell says. "Regular socks also stretch horizontally, while compression socks are designed to stretch vertically." (back to top) Other products we tested Road Runner R-Gear CEP Compression Light Cushion No-Show Socks: While our testers liked that each sock had its own designated "L" or "R" for the left and right feet, these felt way too tight despite being the right size. At the end of the day, they felt like they made our testers' feet swell even more, plus they're pricey at $45 for a three-pack. Bombas Travel Compression Sock: We love that Bombas has a compression sock specifically designed for flying (with a 15-20 mm Hg rating), and this two-pack set comes with a "gripper slipper" too for relaxing after a long day of traveling. Our tester noted that the socks were comfortable and supportive, but she couldn't test them for a flight and, at $78 for the set, wasn't sure their value lived up to the price. Bombas Performance Compression Ankle Socks: While described as offering compression and "strong support," they don't provide an actual mm Hg rating, so it's unclear exactly how much compression is being provided. Our tester noted the socks felt thick and tight but still breathable and comfortable during walking. While they certainly make a high-quality athletic sock, they didn't quite make the cut when looking at all the other options. Feetures Elite Light Cushion Mini Crew: Feetures makes some of the best athletic socks around, and its left foot/right foot designs offer a near unbeatable fit. We liked the style of these mini crew compression socks, and our tester loved how comfortable they felt during a run, but as with the Bombas Performance ankle socks, there's no stated mm Hg of compression, which reduced our confidence regarding the compression claims. Sheec ComFits Compression Aqua-X AeroDri No Show Blister Tab Socks: There's no denying that these are comfortable, foot-hugging socks that perform well during exercise. That said, they're not as compressive as the other options tested, and they don't provide any information regarding the mm Hg rating, so their verifiable compressive benefits are less clear. Sheec ComFits Compression Aqua-X Quarter Socks: As with the other Sheec model, our tester liked these for their athletic performance — they're comfortable, quick-drying and mold to the foot without restricting movement or rubbing. And yet they don't provide any real information about their compressive properties, so they didn't quite make the cut. Pro Compression Marathon Recovery: As much as our tester loved the Pro Compression ankle socks, she didn't like the recovery socks. While stronger compression can be beneficial for recovery, she felt the 25-35 mm Hg was just too tight, cutting off her circulation and leaving her feeling uncomfortable. Meet our experts Dr. Kristy Golden, DPM, podiatric surgeon at Kaiser Permanente in Maryland Dr. Ernst von Schwarz, MD, PhD, triple board-certified cardiologist Carneal Owens II, PT, DPT, sports physical therapist Dr. Lauren Demosthenes, MD, ob-gyn and senior medical director of Babyscripts Dr. Greg Marchand, MD, dual board-certified in ob-gyn at the Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery Milica McDowell, MS, DPT, certified exercise physiologist and vice president of operations at Gait Happens (back to top) The reviews quoted above reflect the most recent versions at the time of publication. Our health content is for informational purposes only and is not intended as professional medical advice. Consult a medical professional on questions about your health.