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US Middle East history professor in exclusive interview criticizes Israel's war on Gaza, discusses history of the region

US Middle East history professor in exclusive interview criticizes Israel's war on Gaza, discusses history of the region

As the world undergoes rapid political and economic transformations with escalating conflicts shaking the Middle East, the region has witnessed a full year of genocide in Gaza – and no clear prospect for an end.
The conflict has expanded to southern Lebanon, reverberated in Yemen and Iraq, and reached Iran.
The Future of the Middle East series seeks to explore these challenges through interviewing prominent politicians, theorists, intellectuals, and current and former diplomats, providing various regional and international perspectives.
Through these discussions and insights, lessons from the past are shared in order to chart a path forward.
From the roots of the Arab-Israeli conflict to regional interventions and the rise of new non-state actors, this series engages in enlightened discussions regarding what can be learned from history and how it will impact the region's future.
It aims to explore visions for the future and highlight the vital role that Arab nations can play if historical alliances are revived, pushing towards sustainable stability while safeguarding their interests.
The structure of the series involves two parts – the first being a series of seven fixed questions based on requests from readers on the future of the region. The second part features questions tailored to the interviewees specific background, providing new insights into the overarching vision of the interview.
Ultimately, this series aims to explore how the Arab region can craft its own unified independent project – one free of external influence.
A Professor of modern Middle Eastern history at the University of California, James Gelvin, emphasized that the centrality of the Middle East makes it a flashpoint for conflict and external powers, alongside its abundant oil wealth.
In this exclusive interview with Al-Masry Al-Youm, he noted that ending the conflict in the Middle East requires on two-state solution, and how Trump might leave Israel to fend for itself.
Gilvin, who holds a PhD from Harvard University and has taught there and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as at the American University of Beirut, is the author of five books, including The New Middle East, The Arab Uprisings, and The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.
In his interview, he emphasized that Egypt has a key role in mediating between Hamas and Israel and has every right to oppose the displacement of Palestinians.
■ The term 'Middle East' is a colonial geographical expression. However, it has become the prevailing term to talk about the region that includes the Arab countries, Iran, Turkey, and other countries. Throughout history, the region has suffered from conflicts on various backgrounds, rooted in colonial schemes until it became a permanent flashpoint on the world map. In your opinion, how do you view the reality of the region and the impact of history?
The British originally used the term Middle East as a geographical term referring to the areas on the route to India from Britain. During the 19th century there were two such routes, one via the Suez Canal to the Red Sea, and the other via the Euphrates River to the Persian Gulf.
Thus, the Middle East originally referred to Egypt, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.
In the early 20th century, it came to include those lands in Asia Minor and southwest Asia surrounding those regions, along with Egypt. The reason this is important is that it shows the close relationship between geographical knowledge and imperialism, a connection which prevails to this day.
Perhaps one of the main reasons the Middle East has become a hotspot for conflict is its centrality to the concerns of outside powers. Whether those powers are the US, Britain, France, or Russia, its location between Europe and the Far East, its borders with the Soviet Union (now Russia), and its abundance of oil, have made it a target for major powers and an area of ​​competition and conflict between those powers and their regional agents.
■ The term 'Middle East' emerged in the writings of American Alfred Mahan in 1902, before Condoleezza Rice spoke of the 'New Middle East.' This term is being widely echoed today in light of the Israeli war on Gaza and Lebanon and the conflict with Iran. How do you view this plan, especially after Trump's victory and the rise of right-wing forces in the United States?
From 1945 to 1991, the US' main interests in the region were to contain the Soviet Union, maintain the regional balance of power among stable states, guard the West's access to oil and sea routes and lines of communication, and support Israel for strategic, political and ideological reasons. In the words of President Anwar Sadat in the 1970s, America held 99 percent of the cards in the region.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, American goals and policy changed.
Both 'neoconservatives' like Dick Cheney and 'liberal internationalists' like Hillary Clinton wanted to maintain America's dominant position in the region and promote 'American values,' although they differed on how to achieve these things.
Obama wanted to change the direction of American policy and spoke of reducing American commitments in the region so that the US could 'pivot' to East Asia, he saw the region as the most important area for economic and political competition in the future.
Due to the ongoing war on terror, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the 2010-2011 uprisings in the Arab world, he was unable to do so.
Although Donald Trump claims to be 'America First,' he does not have a coherent policy.
In his first term, his actions were motivated purely by whim. For example, when he got angry during a phone call with Turkish President Erdogan, he told the Turkish president, 'Okay, you can have Syria.' He began the withdrawal of American forces there, and the political gains.
He surrendered to every Israeli desire so that he could obtain the votes of those who support Tel Aviv for a second term.
Finally, he seeks revenge on his political opponents, which is why he withdrew from the nuclear agreement with Iran, because it was negotiated by the Obama administration. Biden had not differed much from Trump's policy toward Israel, so Trump cannot focus on reversing his direction.
Since Trump is constitutionally unable to run for president again, he may be more focused on his legacy than on political gains, so Trump boasts about American weapons and anti-Iran policies, but at the same time, his 'America First' philosophy may leave Israel to fend for itself.
■ In your opinion, what are the major regional powers doing about these schemes, specifically Egypt and Saudi Arabia, as the two major powers in the region?
Most world leaders already know how to deal with Trump, and despite nearly three months of his presidency, his unpredictability continues to hinder America's foreign relations. The reason the Saudis pursued a diplomatic approach with the Iranians was that they knew they couldn't rely on Trump while simultaneously negotiating a comprehensive defense treaty with the Americans.
On the other hand, Egypt undoubtedly has a historic role in mediating between Hamas and Israel and has a peace agreement with Tel Aviv, especially given Israel's efforts to push toward Egypt for displacement, a move Cairo rightly rejects.
There is no unified Arab plan to address the plans for the region, particularly the Israeli expansionist objectives that have become clear in Gaza, Lebanon, and Syria. Talk of any intention to annex additional territories on the Arab map is the approach Trump put forth when he spoke of a 'small Israel' that must expand.
How can the Arabs formulate their plans in response? In 2002, Saudi Arabia proposed an Arab-Israeli and Israeli-Palestinian peace plan called the 'Arab Peace Initiative.' Among other things, the plan called for complete Israeli withdrawal from all territories occupied in 1967 and the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip with East Jerusalem as its capital.
If the Israelis accepted the proposal, the Arab League members would end their hostility to Israel and establish normal relations under a comprehensive peace framework. As the Saudis likely expected, the Israeli government rejected this initiative.
For decades, Arab governments, along with a number of policy analysts and presidents, promoted the idea that instability in the Middle East is 'linked' to the failure to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
■ Throughout history, Egypt has played key roles in the region. How can it fulfill these despite the challenges facing it?
Egypt certainly plays a historic and pivotal role in the region, one that is indispensable.
It is constantly fulfilling its role, whether in its attempts to achieve peace and end the war on the Gaza Strip, or its stance on the ceasefire in Lebanon.
Therefore, Cairo continues its duty as it has in the past and will continue to do so.
Especially since Egypt has the potential to do what it can, and Cairo has always been a center of balance in regional and international relations.
■ How can the Arab region benefit from the tensions between major powers and the discourse of global multipolarity? How can it play a role to its advantage in this international competition, so that its resources are not in the hands of a single power that has harmed it and depleted its resources for decades?
The US has most likely lost its dominant position in the Middle East forever, and policy analysts and historians will continue to debate whether that loss was inevitable, the result of accidental factors, or the failures of one leader or another (George W. Bush? Barack Obama?).
But in the end, it is worth remembering the unique set of circumstances that allowed and forced Washington to assume the role of the dominant power in the Middle East. In this period of American hegemony in the Middle East, the world order was bipolar, and the competition for dominance over the region was a zero-sum game, where the victory of one side meant the loss of the other side.
The Middle East was a zero-sum game – a prize worth competing for.
The US had been unrivaled as an economic and, arguably, military power, and has held a prominent position within the global economic order. As Russia emerges as a multipolar player, so too does China's position, especially in light of the Belt and Road Initiative.
This initiative will connect China's prosperous coast with its less prosperous western and southwestern regions, via land and sea routes.
With South and Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Latin America, 20 Middle Eastern countries have either signed up to the initiative or expressed their approval of it.
However, the Chinese are not oblivious to US experience in the region. Moreover, their interests (oil, shipping lanes) could be best served if they did not have to choose a side among regional rivals.
Especially since China's top three oil suppliers are, in order, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran.
There is no reason for China to assume the responsibilities of a hegemonic power when it can benefit from existing security networks and a functioning global economic system supported by others, as it did in the past.
Ironically, China's role in the contemporary Middle East resembles the role the US played in the region during the interwar period.
So, for those asking 'Will China replace the United States as the dominant power in the Middle East?' the answer is, 'Why should it?'.
Chinese officials have said that the future of the Middle East will be multipolar, with no single hegemon.
■ If you were to paint a picture of the future of this region in light of the current conflicts and threats surrounding it, how would you describe it in detail?
Certainly, the most important thing is to accept the peace process in the region and to acknowledge the principle of the two-state solution as the only way, and Israel must know well that any military solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an 'illusion'.
The only solution is political, through the establishment of a Palestinian state.
As for the ongoing Gaza war, the Israeli generals are well aware of the painful truth for them: they are unable to destroy Hamas, which is woven into the fabric of Gaza society – for example, it is the largest employer and provider of welfare.
The best the Israelis can achieve is to weaken Hamas, declare victory, and withdraw.
They will still have to maintain control over the Netzarim crossings and intervene militarily when they deem it necessary.
■ How do you view developments in the Gaza Strip and Lebanon following the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah, Yahya Sinwar, and the leaders of Hamas and Hezbollah?
The Netanyahu government and Hamas are fighting two different wars, each with its own story.
For Hamas, the Gaza war is part of the Palestinian national liberation campaign. For Netanyahu, who denies the Palestinian right to self-determination, it is a campaign to weaken Iran and its proxies in the region and one that refuses to recognize the Palestinians as independent actors.
We do not know for sure why Hamas launched the 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' on October 7, 2023.
But it certainly wasn't because Iran asked it to or agreed to it. Iran doesn't have much control over many of its proxies—not Hamas, not Hezbollah, not the former Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad. These proxies act according to their own logic and capabilities, and they often surprise Iran with their actions, as evidenced by its lack of knowledge of the timing of the 'Al-Aqsa Flood.' As an American politician once said, 'All politics is local.'
According to US intelligence, Iran was unaware that Hamas was planning the October 7 operation.
Hamas dealt Israel a military and psychological blow, something the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was unable to do. It is also negotiating the release of hostages on an equal footing with Israel, strengthening its position. Hamas has proven more effective in achieving Palestinian goals than the PLO.
In other words, Hamas has already achieved its military objectives, albeit at a high price.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has stated that Israel seeks to achieve two goals: destroying Hamas and releasing the hostages it has held. However, there is also a third goal: to maintain his position in power, as he faces corruption charges.
For the Israeli government, releasing the hostages appears to be an afterthought imposed on it by the Israeli public. When it comes to the hostages, the government doesn't speak with one voice, and it doesn't seem all that committed to the project.
That's why the Netanyahu government is expanding the war to Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and Iran itself.
Previous Israeli governments have regularly followed a policy of 'mowing the lawn.' Hamas or Hezbollah might carry out some provocative action, such as launching a barrage of rockets at Israel. Israel would then respond, and the following year, the same thing would happen.
■ In your opinion, will the role of the resistance decline? Was the fall of the Assad regime expected? Why did the collapse occur so quickly?
Netanyahu is seeking a strategic victory, not a tactical one. He wants to prolong the conflict and grant Israel victory over Iran, not just over the Palestinians. This will make Israelis forget his lack of preparation for the events of October 7 and keep his coalition in power. Members of this coalition threatened to bring down the government if Hamas was not destroyed. As I said, if the government collapsed, Netanyahu would go to prison -hence the ever-increasing war.
With the decline of the Iranian 'axis of resistance,' Tehran lost its deterrent capacity against Israel.
The only outcome of the war so far has been the ouster of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham exploited the weakness and disunity of the Syrian regime's allies and the weakness of the Syrian army after 13 years of war to launch a swift, lightning campaign.
Russia was distracted by Ukraine, and Iran was weakened by years of sanctions and spending on military adventures.
■ How do you see the future of Syria?
Judging the current experience of the 'Sharia' government is difficult.
If they truly want stability, they must avoid three things: retaliating against other Syrians and Syrian communities, such as the Alawites; imposing Islamic norms such as the hijab and gender segregation on a population that includes large numbers of minorities and secular Syrians; and over-centralizing a society over which they have no real control.
There are vast areas in Syria—the north, east, south, and coast—that enjoy autonomy, or de facto autonomy.
We don't know what will happen to Damascus in the future. Will Syria become like Afghanistan under Taliban rule? Or will it undergo the same experience as Libya? The latter outcome is the most likely, but nothing is certain.
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US to leave UNESCO, citing anti-Israel bias - International
US to leave UNESCO, citing anti-Israel bias - International

Al-Ahram Weekly

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  • Al-Ahram Weekly

US to leave UNESCO, citing anti-Israel bias - International

The United States said Tuesday it would quit UNESCO, saying the UN cultural and education agency, best known for establishing world heritage sites, is biased against Israel and promotes "divisive" causes. President Donald Trump had already ordered withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation once before, in 2017 during his first term. President Joe Biden then reestablished US membership. "Continued involvement in UNESCO is not in the national interest of the United States," State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce said. UNESCO called the US departure -- which it said will take effect in December 2026 -- regrettable, but unsurprising, and said its financial impact would be limited. "I deeply regret President Donald Trump's decision to once again withdraw the United States of America from UNESCO," Director-General Audrey Azoulay said, adding the move contradicted fundamental principles of multilateralism. "However regrettable, this announcement was expected, and UNESCO has prepared for it," she said. In recent years, Azoulay said, UNESCO had "undertaken major structural reforms and diversified our funding sources", including with private and voluntary governmental contributions. The US share of UNESCO's total budget currently stands at eight percent, she said. This compares to an estimate of nearly 20 percent a decade ago, according to a UNESCO source who asked not to be named. No staff redundancies were planned, Azoulay said. Bruce described UNESCO as working "to advance divisive social and cultural causes" and being overly focused on UN sustainability goals, which she described as a "globalist, ideological agenda". 'Same as seven years ago' Bruce also highlighted what she said was the body's anti-Israeli position in admitting Palestine as a state. "UNESCO's decision to admit the 'State of Palestine' as a member state is highly problematic, contrary to US policy, and contributed to the proliferation of anti-Israel rhetoric within the organisation," Bruce said. The administration has also objected to UNESCO's recognition of heritage sites in the occupied West Bank and east Jerusalem as Palestinian. Azoulay said the reasons put forward by the United States "are the same as seven years ago" although, she said, "the situation has changed profoundly, political tensions have receded, and UNESCO today constitutes a rare forum for consensus on concrete and action-oriented multilateralism". Washington's claims "contradict the reality of UNESCO's efforts", she added, "especially in the field of Holocaust education and the fight against antisemitism". The source at UNESCO described the US move as "purely political, without any real factual base". The organisation had already been "forced" to do without US money for several years after their departure in 2017, the source told AFP. UNESCO adapted but new sources of funding would still need to be found, the source said. 'Always welcome' Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'a r welcomed on X the US decision: "This is a necessary step, designed to promote justice and Israel's right for fair treatment in the UN system." "The United Nations requires fundamental reforms in order to remain relevant," he said. Israel's ambassador to the United Nations, Danny Danon, called UNESCO "an organisation that has lost its way" and praised the US for demonstrating "moral clarity in the international arena". French President Emmanuel Macron said on X that UNESCO had his "unwavering support" that would not weaken after the US departure. The UN organisation describes its mission as promoting education, scientific cooperation and cultural understanding. It oversees a list of heritage sites aimed at preserving unique environmental and architectural gems. Twenty-six world heritage sites are located in the United States. The UNESCO source said that the United States will continue to be represented on the world heritage committee even after leaving the organisation formally, just as it had in 2017. Trump was not the first to pull the United States out of UNESCO. President Ronald Reagan ended US membership in the 1980s, saying the agency was corrupt and pro-Soviet. The United States reentered under the presidency of George W. Bush. The American return under Biden was a major success for Azoulay, who became UNESCO chief in 2017, also because it included a pledge to pay back the US's contribution arrears to the tune of $619 million. On Tuesday, Azoulay said the United States could always return to the fold in the future. "The United States of America is and always will be welcome," she said. Follow us on: Facebook Instagram Whatsapp Short link:

Regret for political failures in Iraq - World - Al-Ahram Weekly
Regret for political failures in Iraq - World - Al-Ahram Weekly

Al-Ahram Weekly

time43 minutes ago

  • Al-Ahram Weekly

Regret for political failures in Iraq - World - Al-Ahram Weekly

Supporters of Iraq's protest Tishreen Movement have been unimpressed by apologies for political failures from MPs In a scene that reopened wounds that have yet to heal, Iraqi MP Alaa Al-Rikabi, one of the prominent faces of the Imtidad Movement, publicly apologised for his failure to fulfill the promises he had made to supporters of the Tishreen (October) uprising this week. His apology came four years after he was elected to Parliament to represent a movement born from the 2019 protests in Iraq, which rallied under the slogan 'We want a Homeland'. In a television appearance, Al-Rikabi said that 'I admit that I failed to fulfill the promises I made to the Tishreen public. We have achieved nothing of what we aspired to do.' However, instead of receiving appreciation, his apology was met with a torrent of anger and accusations from activists and observers. They saw his move as a belated confession that neither absolves him of responsibility nor restores the popular support the protest movement has lost due to political shifts. In October 2019, when Baghdad's Tahrir Square ignited with chants of 'We want a Homeland,' crowds of young people, mostly from impoverished backgrounds, took to the streets and risked their lives to demand reform. They were students, workers, street vendors, and the unemployed from various provinces and social classes in Iraq. Hundreds of them were killed by 'unknown assailants' or the so-called 'third party'. Many activists say that their blood was shed in vain when the uprising was turned into an electoral platform. 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In a detailed post following Al-Rikabi's apology, Harram wrote that 'you betrayed Tishreen twice: first, when you insisted on participating in the elections despite knowing the environment was corrupt; and second, when you voted for Mohammed Al-Halbousi as speaker of parliament.' 'I told you back then that you were deluded, and that the 'tent' you wanted to pitch inside parliament would not protect you. Now you've seen with your own eyes how the armed parties' bodyguards almost assaulted you under the parliament's dome.' Harram also revealed a previous meeting with Al-Rikabi in Najaf, where the later admitted that 'we were beginners in politics and didn't know that participating was a mistake.' Nevertheless, Al-Rikabi continued his role in parliament and in the Imtidad Movement, even after losing a significant portion of his supporters in Nasiriyah and other southern cities. Among activists' comments, accusations repeatedly surfaced that most Tishreen's MPs, including Al-Rikabi, had prioritised personal gain over achieving change. Harram wrote that 'the essence of your candidacy was personal benefit, luxury cars, lifetime pensions, while the protest tent inside parliament can go to hell.' Activist Amir Fayadh commented that 'people have lost trust in Tishreen because of the catastrophic failure of its parliamentary representatives.' Murtadha Al-Sayyid added that 'we hoped you'd unite your ranks and set an example of political opposition, but instead you fragmented the public and gave the ruling parties the chance to mock your failure.' Hussam Al-Kaabi said that 'this is the ugliest era in which the energy and sacrifices of youth were exploited. An apology after four years won't feed anyone.' 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Commentator Abdul Amir Al-Majar believes that the boycott was a grave mistake. He commented on Harram's post by saying that 'if we keep waiting for the parties to prepare the arena for us, change won't happen even in a hundred years.' He pointed out that the 2021 elections were a rare opportunity, even if their results were limited. Commentator Alaa Hussein added that 'the boycotters are the ones who betrayed Tishreen, not just Al-Rikabi. If the Tishreen forces had fully participated in the 2021 elections, we'd be talking today about more than 100 MPs capable of breaking the sectarian parties.' However, fellow commentator Yaqoub Al-Iraqi pointed to certain contradictions. 'What about your friends who put an X against Alaa Al-Rikabi's photo because of the elections, then participated themselves in the recent provincial council elections,' he asked. Amid the wave of criticism, some have been asking whether the Tishreen MPs have achieved anything since the elections. 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This opened the door for new forces like the Imtidad Movement, the Ishraqat Kanoun, and several independents. But this gain did not last, as Iraq has now returned to a situation that allows the traditional political forces to tighten their grip once again. During his recent apology, Al-Rikabi warned that 'money will dominate the elections scheduled for November.' He cautioned that the political blocs controlling Iraq's fate since 2003 will continue their grip and corruption. The result, according to Tishreen activists, will be a repeated cycle of political failure, while the blood of Iraq's youth will remain suspended in the void without justice and without a new homeland. * A version of this article appears in print in the 24 July, 2025 edition of Al-Ahram Weekly Follow us on: Facebook Instagram Whatsapp Short link:

Trump Orders Second US Withdrawal from UNESCO
Trump Orders Second US Withdrawal from UNESCO

See - Sada Elbalad

time44 minutes ago

  • See - Sada Elbalad

Trump Orders Second US Withdrawal from UNESCO

Israa Farhan Former US President Donald Trump has ordered the United States to withdraw from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), marking the second time he has taken such action during his political career. The decision reverses President Joe Biden's 2021 move to reinstate US membership, and will take effect on 31 December 2026. Founded in the aftermath of World War II and headquartered in Paris, UNESCO was established to promote global peace through international cooperation in education, science, and culture. However, Trump's administration accuses the organization of embracing divisive, extreme social and cultural agendas that conflict with core US interests. White House spokesperson Anna Kelly stated that UNESCO supports controversial positions that undermine American values, asserting that Trump's decision reflects the will of American voters who backed his policy direction in recent elections. The US State Department echoed this stance, claiming that remaining in UNESCO contradicts America's national priorities. The agency described UNESCO as advancing a globalist agenda that clashes with the "America First" foreign policy doctrine. A key point of contention remains the organization's recognition of Palestine as a member state, a move Washington claims fuels anti-Israel rhetoric within UNESCO's forums. UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay expressed deep regret over the decision, although she noted it had been anticipated. Azoulay highlighted that the organization had already diversified its funding streams, with the US previously contributing just 8% of the agency's overall budget. She also rejected the US rationale, stressing that the issues cited in 2024 are identical to those raised in 2017, despite significant changes within the organization. According to Azoulay, UNESCO has reduced political tension and now serves as a rare global platform for pragmatic multilateral cooperation. She also pointed out the organization's active role in Holocaust education and combating antisemitism, contradicting claims of ideological bias. French President Emmanuel Macron voiced his support for UNESCO on X (formerly Twitter), affirming France's unwavering commitment to the agency and its global mission to safeguard education, culture, science, and world heritage. UNESCO officials have downplayed the immediate impact of the US departure, stating that all programmatic frameworks have been established in collaboration with both Israeli and Palestinian representatives over the past eight years. Diplomats within the agency say the move was widely expected for political reasons, especially following Biden's rejoining of the organization and his pledge to settle outstanding dues from Trump's initial withdrawal. read more Gold prices rise, 21 Karat at EGP 3685 NATO's Role in Israeli-Palestinian Conflict US Expresses 'Strong Opposition' to New Turkish Military Operation in Syria Shoukry Meets Director-General of FAO Lavrov: confrontation bet. nuclear powers must be avoided News Iran Summons French Ambassador over Foreign Minister Remarks News Aboul Gheit Condemns Israeli Escalation in West Bank News Greek PM: Athens Plays Key Role in Improving Energy Security in Region News One Person Injured in Explosion at Ukrainian Embassy in Madrid News Israeli-Linked Hadassah Clinic in Moscow Treats Wounded Iranian IRGC Fighters Arts & Culture "Jurassic World Rebirth" Gets Streaming Date News China Launches Largest Ever Aircraft Carrier Videos & Features Tragedy Overshadows MC Alger Championship Celebration: One Fan Dead, 11 Injured After Stadium Fall Lifestyle Get to Know 2025 Eid Al Adha Prayer Times in Egypt Arts & Culture South Korean Actress Kang Seo-ha Dies at 31 after Cancer Battle Business Egyptian Pound Undervalued by 30%, Says Goldman Sachs Sports Get to Know 2025 WWE Evolution Results News "Tensions Escalate: Iran Probes Allegations of Indian Tech Collaboration with Israeli Intelligence" News Flights suspended at Port Sudan Airport after Drone Attacks

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