UK manufacturing downturn eases slightly in July, but risks remain
Business optimism improved to a five-month high, driven by expectations of a future recovery, new product launches and internal improvements. Nonetheless, sentiment stayed below the long-run average, weighed down by weak demand, policy uncertainty, and global trade challenges, S&P Global said in a press release.
Output shrank for the ninth month in a row, but contraction was notably softer. Consumer and intermediate goods producers returned to growth after prolonged declines, though investment goods output worsened. New orders fell at a quicker pace, extending a ten-month slide, with firms citing low client confidence and tighter budgets—partly influenced by recent government decisions on the National Minimum Wage (NMW) and employer National Insurance Contributions (NICs).
UK manufacturing showed tentative stabilisation in July, with the PMI rising to a six-month high of 48.0, though still in contraction for the tenth month. Output declined at the slowest pace in the current downturn, and business optimism improved. However, weak domestic and export demand, rising costs, job cuts, and policy uncertainty continued to weigh heavily on the sector's overall performance.
Export orders declined for the 42nd straight month, reflecting global tariff concerns, Brexit-related frictions, and rising foreign competition. Weaker demand was reported from key markets including North America, the EU, India, and China.
Employment in the sector continued to shrink, with July marking the ninth consecutive month of job losses. Hiring freezes and layoffs were reportedly used to offset cost pressures stemming from wage and tax reforms. Backlogs fell further despite reduced capacity, indicating under-utilisation of resources.
Stocks of finished goods declined for a sixth month, while purchasing activity and input inventories were also cut to align with softer demand. Although cost pressures remained stable overall, firms noted rising transport, shipping, and supplier charges.
Despite glimmers of hope, the data underscores a sector still under stress, with subdued domestic and international conditions tempering any immediate recovery.
Rob Dobson, director at S&P Global Market Intelligence , said: 'The UK manufacturing sector is starting to send some tentatively encouraging signals, with the downturn moderating in July as factory output came close to stabilising and future output expectations hit the highest since February. However, it's clear that there's no assured path back to strong growth. Clients in the home market often remain unwilling to spend due to cost factors such as higher minimum wages and employer NICs, while export markets are being buffeted by geopolitical stresses and trade and tariff uncertainties.
'The biggest concern remains the labour market, with the rate of job cutting through much of 2025 among the steepest since the pandemic year of 2020. With the Autumn budget only a few months away, manufacturers will likely remain cautious and focussed on stabilisation while waiting to see if future budget announcements provide much needed support or further challenges to overcome."
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Nonetheless, with the return of the Trump administration for the second term, there is renewed momentum to reconsider these regulations made by the previous government, specifically relaxing the carbon emission rules and Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS). According to some estimates, these rollbacks could result in up to seven times more CO₂ emissions than current levels. Such rollbacks risk setting new precedence across the globe in an era of climate crises. It is hoped that science will judiciously tackle all concerns, which include not only human wellbeing but also planetary health in taking such crucial decisions. Why has the government exempted 78 per cent of coal-based thermal plants from installing anti-pollution devices? Evaluate. What is the dominant type of coal produced in India, and how does it produce more carbon dioxide (CO2) per unit of electricity, and generate large volumes of ash? How does the formation of sulphate aerosols from SO₂ affect both air quality and human health? How do pre-combustion and post-combustion SO₂ control strategies compare in terms of cost, efficiency, and environmental impact? How effective has India's regulatory approach to SO₂ emissions been when compared to countries like the US or EU, particularly in enforcement and technological adaptation? (Dr. Arunangshu Das is the Principal Project Scientist at the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.) Share your thoughts and ideas on UPSC Special articles with Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X.
