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Sundarbans National Park Is Home To Swimming Tigers And Fierce Snakes
Sundarbans National Park Is Home To Swimming Tigers And Fierce Snakes

Forbes

timean hour ago

  • Forbes

Sundarbans National Park Is Home To Swimming Tigers And Fierce Snakes

The name "Sundarbans" means "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language. While India boasts top-tier wildlife preserves like Ranthambore National Park and Gir National Park, those who venture to the Bangladesh border can find a truly spectacular ecotourism destination in the form of Sundarbans National Park. Established back in 1984, this sprawling preserve measures in at 1,330 square kilometers, serving as a crucial haven for South Asia's native mangrove forests—and in addition to vast swathes of indigenous flora, the Sundarbans are also perfect for encountering a staggering array of creatures both large and small. While native fauna spans from the northern river terrapin to the Asian small-clawed otter, the park is best known for one animal in particular: the Bengal tiger. While this subspecies can be found across a large portion of South Asia, the Sundarbans population has perfectly adapted to life in the mangroves, providing visitors with an opportunity to marvel at the beasts as they thrive in a unique habitat. Throughout the day, the park's resident tigers can be found paddling through the brackish waters as they search for food—and if you're truly lucky, you might be able to catch a glimpse of the animals in action, with mammals like the chital deer and wild boar serving as prey for the local felines. Despite the name, the buffy fish owl also feeds on crustaceans, amphibians and reptiles. Beyond big cats, the murky waters of the Sundarbans play host to a wealth of fish and crustacean species—and this high concentration of biomass serves as the perfect buffet for all sorts of native birds. Waders abound along the many mangroves, with the Asian openbill, painted stork and little egret being just a few of the avian species that can be spotted during a visit, while eye-catching passerines range from the purple-rumped sunbird to the eastern yellow wagtail. And when it comes to raptors, birders can keep their eyes peeled for a wealth of majestic species, with crested serpent eagles, black kites and buffy fish owls all calling the park home. While the verdant treetops of Sundarbans National Park are brimming with all sorts of birds, visitors can also encounter a wide range of reptiles during a foray into the mangroves. Amidst the many water monitors and garden lizards, guests might catch a glimpse of a snake lounging along the preserve, with resident species spanning from the Russell's viper to the king cobra, a colossal creature that's capable of measuring in at more than five meters in length. However, when it comes to true ferocity, it's tough to beat the saltwater crocodile. While their native range spans from northern Australia to the Tamil Nadu coast, the Sundarbans play host to a particularly large population, providing plenty of opportunities to spot these colossal reptiles in the flesh. The king cobra is the earth's longest venomous snake. After a few days spent exploring the vibrant food scene and rich culture of Kolkata, Sundarbans National Park is perfect for a deep dive into the India of yore, with the diverse flora and fauna thriving across the region as they have for eons. Whether you're a seasoned birdwatcher, a hardcore herpetologist or just a casual wildlife aficionado, this storied preserve is certain to leave you with lasting memories of the rich beauty of West Bengal and all of its native creatures.

EXCLUSIVE A fatal mistake that led to bloody murder of a young mother: How wannabe influencer tracked down his wife who was in hiding... before slaughtering her in the street
EXCLUSIVE A fatal mistake that led to bloody murder of a young mother: How wannabe influencer tracked down his wife who was in hiding... before slaughtering her in the street

Daily Mail​

time2 hours ago

  • Daily Mail​

EXCLUSIVE A fatal mistake that led to bloody murder of a young mother: How wannabe influencer tracked down his wife who was in hiding... before slaughtering her in the street

A wannabe influencer who callously murdered his wife as she pushed their baby in his pram abused his social media knowhow to exploit a fatal error after she fled his violent, controlling behaviour. Tech-savvy Habibur Masum appeared to be embracing life in Britain after moving from Bangladesh to study for a masters in digital marketing in 2022. But behind closed doors he was an aggressive bully who had already confessed to a doctor that he felt like killing Kulsuma Akter. He subjected her to a campaign of abuse, banning her from wearing make-up or even drinking tea. In November 2023 the obsessive former marketing student flew into a rage over an innocuous text message the 27-year-old had received from a bakery colleague asking if she was working. Chillingly he warned her: 'I am going to murder you, and the police will be taking me' Consumed by unfounded jealousy, Masum held a knife to her throat as she clutched their newborn child in a desperate act of self-preservation. After a worried relative called police, he was arrested and charged with assault and making threats to kill. But despite a Crown Prosecution Service lawyer urging magistrates to lock him up on remand, he was granted bail on condition he stayed away from Ms Akter and their Oldham home. Fearing for her life, Ms Akter and the couple's baby son were given sanctuary at a refuge in a secret location. A furious Masum vowed to track her down, taking sinister advantage of his digital skills to stalk and then fatally dupe her online. First he took advantage of her failure to switch off the location on her Snapchat account to establish she was living in Bradford. Ms Akter reported the new death threats to police, and arrangements were put in place to rehouse her. Meanwhile after taunting her that he had found the refuge, Masum laid a false trail to trick her into believing he was on holiday in Spain. Believing it was safe to take their son out amongst the Saturday afternoon shoppers on April 6 last year, to her horror Ms Akter - who was due to be rehomed for her own safety two days later - was instead confronted by Masum. In a brazen daylight attack of barbaric ferocity which shocked the nation he repeatedly plunged the blade into his screaming partner, stabbing her more than 25 times before slitting her throat. The killer was filmed dancing at an event in a TikTok video shared last year After the 'cold-blooded' killing, callous Masum was captured on CCTV grinning as he boarded a bus to make his escape, having left his wife for dead and abandoning their baby in the street. Police launched a manhunt and Masum - who had shaved off his beard - was traced two days later after seeking treatment for 'lockjaw' 170 miles away at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire. Masum, 26, pleaded guilty to his wife's manslaughter and possession of a bladed article earlier this month but denied murder on the grounds he had lost control. But yesterday a jury at Bradford Crown Court unanimously convicted him of murder after deliberating for less than six hours. Masum - who was also found guilty of stalking, assault and threats to kill - wiped away tears in the dock before being remanded back into custody ahead of his sentencing. Despite two police forces being made aware of the threats Ms Akter had been receiving, a probe by the Independent Office for Police Conduct found there had been no breach of professional standards. But campaigners said her brutal killing could have been prevented, saying the latest example of a woman murdered by her abusive partner once again underlined the need for change. 'Her death was preventable, and the loss of Kulsuma is a stark reminder of the deadly consequences of honour-based abuse and coercive control,' a spokeswoman for charity Karma Nirvana said. A mugshot issued by West Yorkshire Police as they launched a manhunt for Masum following Ms Akter's brutal murder in April 2024 - while on the run he shaved off his beard in a vain bid to avoid capture 'We must do more to protect women like her.' The organisation - which helps victims of honour-based violence - said her tragic killing was a 'stark reminder' of the need to give greater protection to those fleeing abuse. Bradford West Labour MP Naz Shah said violence against women was 'a cancer that needs eradicating'. 'Kulsuma came to Bradford trying to find safety and her attacker found her,' she told the BBC. 'To keep women safe we need to change the culture of misogyny and domestic violence.' With his slick social media skills and confident persona, Masum had appeared to be embracing life in Britain. Growing up in the city of Sylhet, Masum is understood to have studied English literature in Bangladesh, working for a wedding planning firm and as a content writer for a digital marketing agency. In 2022 the self-styled 'adventure lover' began studying for a masters in digital marketing at the University of Bedfordshire, sharing vlogs about life in the UK. One shows him admiring the wide range of Bangladesh-made clothes in Primark before trying on a range of winter jumpers. In another, Masum is seen filming himself as snow falls, warning his paltry 14 YouTube subscribers not too 'stay out in the cold too long' as they could get chest problems. Masum studied for a masters in digital marketing at the University of Bedfordshire before working for a creative marketing agency In further clips he looks every inch the proud dad, including one to his 4,300 Facebook followers on how to prepare a hospital bag for 'your newborn baby'. Yet behind the carefully crafted image, Masum was a violent and possessive bully who controlled and terrorised Ms Akter, who had followed him from Bangladesh and spoke little English. More than a year before murdering her, Masum had told a doctor he 'felt like he would kill her'. He stopped her from wearing make-up and would check her phone to see who she had been talking to, relatives said. Ms Akter had to ask permission from her husband before going out and even stopped her drinking tea, because he didn't like the drink. During one argument he divorced her under Islamic law by 'saying it out loud three times', but later said she was confused and he had only said it twice, his trial heard. In July 2023 - shortly before their son was born - she went to stay with her brother because of Masum's controlling behaviour, leading him to threaten to harm himself with a knife. She later returned to the flat, with Masum posting photographs of himself cradling their newborn son. But things 'got worse after the baby was born', her sister-in-law Minara Begum said. It culminated in the jealous rage which would see Masum charged with making threats to kill. Turning his tech knowhow to the most sinister use imaginable, Masum established where she had sought sanctuary via the location on her Snapchat account. On April 2 she showed her social worker a Snapchat message he had sent showing an image of the refuge. With it he had written: 'If I had any wish to kill you, I could have from the first day. 'You do not know what you have lost but one day you will understand. 'Nobody will love you like I do.' Then just over a week before the murder he had shared a video on his YouTube channel, vlogging his trip from Manchester to Barcelona. In reality the clip was part of a sinister scheme to trick Ms Akter into believing he was out of the country and that she would be safe to carry on with daily life. Her killing has left her grieving family back in Bangladesh 'completely devastated' and struggling to comprehend how she had been taken from them in such brutal fashion halfway around the world. Her cousin, Aftab Miah, told the Daily Mail that Ms Akter – the youngest of five siblings – was 'a lovely girl and had a great personality'. 'She was always smiling and liked to make people laugh.' Detective Chief Inspector Stacey Atkinson of West Yorkshire Police said: 'Kulsuma suffered a brutal attack in broad daylight whilst her baby son was in his pram. 'Masum carried out the murder then calmly walked away as if nothing had happened.' IOPC director Emily Barry said: 'This was a harrowing case which caused widespread understandable concern. 'It was appropriate we carried out a thorough investigation into the relevant contact between police and Ms Akter.'

Foreign aid cuts hurt the most vulnerable in world's largest refugee camp
Foreign aid cuts hurt the most vulnerable in world's largest refugee camp

Al Jazeera

time4 hours ago

  • Health
  • Al Jazeera

Foreign aid cuts hurt the most vulnerable in world's largest refugee camp

Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh – The sound of children at play echoes through the verdant lanes of one of the dozens of refugee camps on the outskirts of Cox's Bazar, a densely populated coastal town in southeast Bangladesh. Just for a moment, the sounds manage to soften the harsh living conditions faced by the more than one million people who live here in the world's largest refugee camp. Described as the most persecuted people on the planet, the Rohingya Muslim refugees in Bangladesh may now be one of the most forgotten populations in the world, eight years after being ethnically cleansed from their homes in neighbouring Myanmar by a predominantely Buddhist military regime. 'Cox's Bazar is ground zero for the impact of budget cuts on people in desperate need,' UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said during a visit to the sprawling camps in May. The UN chief's visit followed United States President Donald Trump's gutting of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), which has stalled several key projects in the camps, and the United Kingdom announcing cuts to foreign aid in order to increase defence spending. Healthcare in the camps has suffered as the severe blows to foreign aid bite. 'They call me 'langhra' (lame)' Seated outside his makeshift bamboo hut, Jahid Alam told Al Jazeera how, before being forced to become a refugee, he had worked as a farmer and also fished for a living in the Napura region of his native Myanmar. It was back then, in 2016, that he first noticed his leg swell up for no apparent reason. 'I was farming and suddenly felt this intense urge to itch my left leg,' Alam said. 'My leg soon turned red and began swelling up. I rushed home and tried to put some ice on it. But it didn't help.' A local doctor prescribed an ointment, but the itch continued, and so did the swelling. He soon found it difficult to stand or walk and could no longer work, becoming dependent on his family members. A year later, when Myanmar's military began burning Rohingya homes in his village and torturing the women, he decided to send his family to Bangladesh. Alam stayed behind to look after the cows on his land. But the military soon threatened him into leaving too and joining his family in neighbouring Bangladesh. The 53-year-old has been treated by Doctors Without Borders, known by its French initials MSF, in the Kutupalong region of Cox's Bazar since arriving, but amputation of his leg seems likely. While some doctors have said he has Elephantiasis – an infection that causes enlargement and swelling of limbs – a final diagnosis is yet to be made. Along with the disease, Alam has to also deal with stigma due to his disability. 'They call me 'langhra'(lame) when they see I can't walk properly,' he said. But, he adds: 'If God has given me this disease and disability, he also gave me the opportunity to come to this camp and try to recover. In the near future I know I can start a new and better life.' 'The word 'Amma' gives me hope' Seated in a dimly lit room in a small hut about a 10-minute walk from Alam's shelter, Jahena Begum hopes aid organisations will continue supporting the camps and particularly people with disabilities. Her daughter Sumaiya Akter, 23, and sons, Harez, 19, and Ayas, 21, are blind and have a cognitive disability that prevents them from speaking clearly. They are largely unaware of their surroundings. 'Their vision slowly began fading as they became teenagers,' Begum says. 'It was very difficult to watch, and healthcare facilities in Myanmar could not help,' said the 50-year-old mother as she patted her daughter's leg. The young girl giggled, unaware of what was going on around her. Begum's family arrived in Cox's Bazar about nine months ago after the military in Myanmar burned their house down. 'We made it to the camps with the help of relatives. But life has been very hard for me,' said Begum, telling how she had single-handedly brought up her children since her husband's death eight years ago. Doctors from MSF have given her children spectacles and have begun running scans to understand the root cause of their disability. 'Right now, they express everything by making sounds. But the one word they speak, which is 'Amma', meaning mother, shows me that they at least recognise me,' Begum said. 'The word 'Amma' gives me hope and strength to continue trying to treat them. I want a better future for my children.' 'The pain isn't just physical – it's emotional' Clad in a blue and pink striped collared shirt and a striped brown longyi – the cloth woven around the waist and worn by men and women in Myanmar – Anowar Shah told of fleeing Myanmar to save his life, on top of losing a limb to a mine blast. Shah said he was collecting firewood in his hometown Labada Prian Chey in Myanmar when his leg was blown off by the landmine last year. Myanmar is among the world's deadliest countries for landmine and unexploded ordnance casualties, according to a 2024 UN report, with more than 1,000 victims recorded in 2023 alone – a number that surpassed all other nations. 'Those were the longest, most painful days of my life,' said the 25-year-old Shah, who now needs crutches to get around. 'Losing my leg shattered everything. I went from being someone who provided and protected, to someone who depends on others just to get through the day. I can't move freely, can't work, can't even perform simple tasks alone,' he said. 'I feel like I've become a burden to the people I love. The pain isn't just physical – it's emotional, it's deep. I keep asking myself, 'Why did this happen to me?'' More than 30 refugees in the camps in Bangladesh have lost limbs in landmine explosions, leaving them disabled and dependent on others. All parties to the armed conflict in Myanmar have used landmines in some capacity, said John Quinley, director of rights organisation Fortify Rights, in Myanmar. 'We know the Myanmar junta has used landmines over many years to bolster their bases. They also lay them in civilian areas around villages and towns that they have occupied and fled,' he told Al Jazeera. Abdul Hashim, 25, who resides in Camp 21 in Cox's Bazar, described how stepping on a landmine in February 2024 'drastically altered his life'. 'I have become dependent on others for even the simplest daily tasks. Once an active contributor to my family, I now feel like a burden,' he said. Since arriving in the camp, Hashim has been in a rehabilitation programme at the Turkish Field Hospital where he receives medication and physical rehabilitation that involves balance exercises, stump care, and hygiene education. He has also been assessed for a prosthetic limb which currently costs about 50,000 Bangladeshi Taka ($412). The cost for such limbs is borne by Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 'Despite the trauma and hardship, I hold onto some hope. I dream of receiving a prosthetic leg soon, which would allow me to regain some independence and find work to support my family,' Hashim said. So far, a total of 14 prosthetic limbs have been distributed and fitted for camp inhabitants by the aid group Humanity & Inclusion, who have expertise in producing the limbs in orthotic workshops outside the refugee camps. Both Hashim and Shah are a part of the organisation's rehabilitation programme, which has been providing gait training to help them adapt to the future, regular use of prosthetic limbs. Tough decisions for aid workers Seeking to ensure refugees in the camps are well supported and can live better lives after fleeing persecution, aid workers are currently having to make tough decisions due to foreign aid cuts. 'We are having to decide between feeding people and providing education and healthcare due to aid cuts,' a Bangladeshi healthcare worker who requested anonymity, for fear his comment could jeopardise future aid from the US, told Al Jazeera. Quinley of Fortify Rights pointed out that while there are huge funding gaps because of the aid cuts, the Rohingya refugee response should not fall on any one government and should be a collective regional responsibility. 'There needs to be a regional response, particularly for countries in Southeast Asia, to give funding,' he said. 'Countries connected to the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) in the Middle East could also give a lot more meaningful support,' he said. He also recommended working with local humanitarian partners, 'whether it's Bangladeshi nationals or whether it's Rohingya refugee groups themselves' since they know how to help their communities the best. 'Their ability to access people that need support is at the forefront, and they should be supported from governments worldwide,' he said. For the estimated one million refugees in Cox's Bazar, urgent support is needed at this time, when funds grow ever scarce. According to a Joint Response Plan drawn up for the Rohingya, in 2024, just 30 percent of funding was received of a total $852.4m that was needed by the refugees. As of May 2025, against an overall appeal for $934.5m for the refugees, just 15 percent received funding. Cutting the aid budgets for the camps is a 'short-sighted policy', said Blandine Bouniol, deputy director of advocacy at Humanity & Inclusion humanitarian group. It will, Bouniol said, 'have a devastating impact on people'.

Wannabe influencer who slit wife's throat as she pushed their son's pram was freed to kill by courts months earlier - despite allegedly holding a knife to her throat during jealous rage
Wannabe influencer who slit wife's throat as she pushed their son's pram was freed to kill by courts months earlier - despite allegedly holding a knife to her throat during jealous rage

Daily Mail​

time5 hours ago

  • Daily Mail​

Wannabe influencer who slit wife's throat as she pushed their son's pram was freed to kill by courts months earlier - despite allegedly holding a knife to her throat during jealous rage

A jealous husband who stabbed his wife to death as she pushed their baby in a pram was freed to kill by a court months earlier, the Mail can reveal. Habibur Masum, 26, was yesterday found guilty of murdering wife Kulsuma Akter after she left a women's refuge where she had tried to escape his violent behaviour. But Ms Akter's fate was sealed after controlling Masum, originally from Bangladesh, was allowed back on the streets after allegedly holding a knife to her throat in a jealous rage. Despite a Crown Prosecution Service lawyer urging magistrates to keep him behind bars, he was granted bail on condition that he stayed away from Ms Akter and their Oldham home. Fearing for her life, the mother and her baby were given sanctuary at a refuge in a secret location. But wannabe influencer Masum – who had warned Ms Akter, 'I am going to murder you, and the police will be taking me' – used his technological savvy to track her down. He took advantage of her failure to switch off the location on her Snapchat account to establish she was living in Bradford. He was spotted on CCTV 'loitering, watching and waiting' near the refuge in the days leading up to the fatal attack, jurors heard. Masum even sent Ms Akter a picture of the front of the building, with a message that said: 'I know that you are living in this place. I knew from the first day you moved here.' After Masum threatened to kill her family members, Ms Akter again reported him to the police, and arrangements were put in place to rehouse her. After taunting her that he had found the refuge, Masum laid a false trail to trick her into believing he was on holiday in Spain. Thinking it was safe to take their son out among the Saturday afternoon shoppers on April 6 last year, Ms Akter – who was due to be rehomed two days later – was instead confronted by Masum. In a brazen daylight attack of barbaric ferocity, he repeatedly plunged the blade into his screaming partner, stabbing her more than 25 times before slitting her throat. After the 'cold-blooded' killing, Masum was captured on CCTV grinning as he boarded a bus to make his escape, having left his wife for dead and abandoning their baby in the street. Police launched a manhunt and Masum – who had shaved off his beard – was traced two days later after seeking treatment for 'lockjaw' 170 miles away at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire. Masum, 26, pleaded guilty to his wife's manslaughter and possession of a bladed article but denied murder on the grounds he had lost control. But yesterday a jury at Bradford Crown Court convicted him after deliberating for less than six hours. Masum tracked down his estranged wife Kulsuma before he launched 'ferocious' and lethal knife attack as she pushed their son in his pram Masum – who was also found guilty of stalking, assault and threats to kill – wiped away tears in the dock. Despite two police forces being made aware of the threats Ms Akter had been receiving, a probe by the Independent Office for Police Conduct found there had been no breach of professional standards. But campaigners said her brutal killing could have been prevented, saying the latest example of a woman murdered by her abusive partner once again underlined the need for change. 'Her death was preventable, and the loss of Kulsuma is a stark reminder of the deadly consequences of honour-based abuse and coercive control,' a spokesman for the Karma Nirvana charity said. 'We must do more to protect women like her.' Bradford West Labour MP Naz Shah said violence against women was 'a cancer that needs eradicating'. 'Kulsuma came to Bradford trying to find safety and her attacker found her,' she told the BBC. 'To keep women safe we need to change the culture of misogyny and domestic violence.' More than a year before murdering Ms Akter, Masum told a doctor he 'felt like he would kill her'. He stopped his wife from wearing make-up and would check her phone to see who she had been talking to, relatives said. Masum even stopped her drinking tea, because he didn't like the drink. Police officers in white forensics gear stand within a cordon at the scene of the stabbing in Bradford Her cousin Aftab Miah told the Mail that Ms Akter – the youngest of five siblings – was 'a lovely girl and had a great personality. She was always smiling and liked to make people laugh'. Her killing has left her grieving family in Bangladesh 'devastated' and struggling to comprehend how she had been taken from them in such brutal fashion halfway around the world. Masum will be sentenced next month.

Community schools offer hope for Rohingya refugee children as US aid cuts hit education
Community schools offer hope for Rohingya refugee children as US aid cuts hit education

Arab News

time12 hours ago

  • Politics
  • Arab News

Community schools offer hope for Rohingya refugee children as US aid cuts hit education

DHAKA: As US aid cuts have forced the UN's children agency UNICEF to suspend thousands of learning centers for Rohingya refugee children sheltering in camps in Bangladesh, a small number of community-led schools have now become their only source of education. The Rohingya, a mostly Muslim ethnic minority, have fled from Myanmar's Rakhine State to neighboring Bangladesh for decades to escape persecution, with more than 700,000 arriving in 2017 following a military crackdown that the UN said was a textbook case of ethnic cleansing by Myanmar. Today, more than 1.3 million Rohingya on Bangladesh's southeast coast are cramped inside 33 camps in Cox's Bazar — the world's largest refugee settlement. The refugees, who are almost completely reliant on humanitarian aid, recently faced another blow, after the US suspended aid funding worldwide in January. Washington has been the largest donor, having contributed $300 million in 2024, or 55 percent of all foreign aid for the Rohingya. Those and other foreign aid cuts 'have worsened the already existing education crisis for 437,000 school-age children in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh,' Human Rights Watch said in a report published this week. It is only in schools established by the Rohingya community that some children are able to get their education now, the group said, after UNICEF-run learning centers were forced to shut due to a lack of funding. These schools offer a small glimmer of hope for many young children in the refugee camps. 'School is important for me because it gives me knowledge, enhances my life skills, makes me think for my community, makes me a better person and makes me hopeful for a better future. As a refugee, I don't have many opportunities, but education can open doors for me and help me build a better life,' Mohammed Shofik, a 15-year-old Rohingya boy enrolled at a community school in Cox's Bazar, told Arab News on Friday. His dream is to become a scientist or doctor. At school, he is learning how to experiment and use tools, as well as how to listen and observe carefully, which he thinks are helpful to achieve his goals. 'Education is the only way to reach my dream and help my community,' he said. But only a small number of Rohingya children are able to enroll in the community-led schools, as they do not receive any charitable support, Arif Salam, a teacher in one such school in the camps, told Arab News. 'Community schools are not funded by any donors and NGOs. Our only funding source is the tuition fees received from the parents of our students. But we can't provide services to all the children,' he said. 'Only a few students in the camps can afford the learning in the community schools. Most of the students are enrolled with the UNICEF-run learning centers. The children who are enrolled with UNICEF learning centers are now sitting idle as they have nothing to do. It will create an irreparable loss for their education.' There are about 150 community schools across the Rohingya camps in Cox's Bazar. Each of the schools have about 10 to 15 teachers, who provide education for 150 to 400 students. Without government support or private donor funding, the schools charge parents monthly tuition fees ranging from around $0.50 for class one up to $6.50 for class 12, a fee that many cannot afford, as the Rohingya are not allowed to work. 'The closure of learning centers brought huge educational losses,' Salam said. 'For our Rohingya children, it's a hopeless situation.' While the Bangladeshi government has not encouraged any informal system of education, such initiatives should be considered to address the education crisis, said Asif Munir, a renowned Bangladeshi expert on migration and refugees. 'Some kind of education is required for them because otherwise there is a possibility that the younger children, as they grow up, not just uneducated, they might be getting involved in informal work or even sort of risky work as well,' Munir warned. 'With education they can still hope for some kind of proper work where they can use their education in their life. So, in that sense, at least, the government can consider this as a good sort of coping strategy.' HRW had also urged the Bangladeshi government to 'recognize and fund community-led schools to increase their capacity,' and highlighted that recognition could help encourage donor support. For the young Rohingya whose lives have been plagued with increasing uncertainties, going to school helps them chart a path for the future. 'My dream is to become a motivational speaker. In school, our teachers teach us good listening, delivering strong messages, storytelling, using body language, confidence-building techniques and leadership skills,' 10th-grader Rohul Amin told Arab News. 'I think with all these knowledge and skills, I can achieve my dream one day.' For Amin, school also helps him learn about his identity as a Rohingya. 'I especially focus on the history subject because history makes me understand our identity. As a Rohingya, I have no identity. I mostly try to remember our land and our identity.'

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