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Washington Post
5 days ago
- Business
- Washington Post
Chinese association accused of mixing crime and patriotism as it serves Beijing
In December, a man considered by U.S. officials to be among Asia's most powerful crime bosses gathered friends and allies in the Chinese casino city of Macao. Videos from the event show Wan Kuok Koi belting out Cantonese songs and smiling broadly for the cameras, seemingly unbothered by investigations across multiple countries into his alleged role in large-scale scams, fraud and money laundering. The 69-year-old Wan — widely known by his nickname, 'Broken Tooth' — presided over the celebration as chairman of the World Hongmen History and Culture Association, which describes itself as an ethnic Chinese fraternal organization devoted to promoting Chinese culture abroad. According to the U.S. Treasury, however, the association serves as a front for the 14K triad, one of China's largest organized crime groups with involvement in 'drug trafficking, illegal gambling, racketeering, human trafficking, and a range of other criminal activities.' In 2020, the Treasury imposed sanctions on Wan, the association and several related entities, saying they were part of a 'powerful business network' that had been involved in illicit activity across the Asia Pacific since 2018, and barred U.S. residents and entities from any transactions with them. Story continues below advertisement A Washington Post investigation has found that the Hongmen association is not just an alleged criminal front. It is entwined with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in ways that have not been previously reported. And its network, which has continued to expand despite sanctions, has routinely supported Beijing's political objectives in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and Africa, even as it is investigated in at least four countries for alleged fraud, bribery, online scams, money laundering and other crimes. Wan's deputies, several of whose roles are being identified for the first time, have expanded Hongmen's footprint in the past five years largely unimpeded, The Post found, sometimes evading criminal charges by escaping to China and to jurisdictions where China has deep influence. The Post investigation drew on hundreds of photos and videos of Hongmen leaders, along with court records, police documents, business filings, and interviews with over four dozen government and law enforcement officials from seven countries, as well as Hongmen members, crime analysts and individuals close to the CCP. It discovered that at the same time the Hongmen association has been implicated in criminal activity, it has spread Chinese government propaganda, promoted unification with Taiwan, brokered projects for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) — China's $1 trillion infrastructure project to build global influence — and provided security for Chinese officials overseas as part of a stated mission to contribute to 'the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.' China Hongmen map and actors Current and former leaders Wan Kuok Koi 尹國駒 Main figures and areas of activity of the World Hongmen History and Culture Association. None of the leadership responded to requests for comment. Macao (CHINA) Ye Baochun 叶报春 Bai Zhaohui* ⽩兆辉 UGANDA THAILAND Nicky Liow 廖顺喜 MALAYSIA Lu Liran 卢⽴然 Cai Zhiqin 蔡智钦 *Bai moved from Thailand to South Africa CAMBODIA SOUTH AFRICA Current and former Hongmen leaders Main figures and areas of activity of the World Hongmen History and Culture Association. None of the leadership responded to requests for comment. Wan Kuok Koi 尹國駒 Bai Zhaohui* ⽩兆辉 Ye Baochun 叶报春 CHINA Macao THAILAND CAMBODIA MALAYSIA UGANDA SOUTH AFRICA Nicky Liow 廖顺喜 *Bai moved from Thailand to South Africa. Lu Liran 卢⽴然 Cai Zhiqin 蔡智钦 Current and former World Hongmen leaders Wan Kuok Koi 尹國駒 Main figures and areas of activity of the World Hongmen History and Culture Association. None of the leadership responded to requests for comment. Bai Zhaohui ⽩兆辉 CHINA Macao THAILAND CAMBODIA MALAYSIA Ye Baochun 叶报春 UGANDA Cai Zhiqin 蔡智钦 SOUTH AFRICA Bai moved from Thailand to South Africa. Lu Liran 卢⽴然 Nicky Liow 廖顺喜 In virtually every country where it operates, Hongmen members have forged ties to elites that have been strategically helpful for China, diplomats and analysts say. And in at least one country, Uganda, Hongmen members set up a Chinese overseas police center — a type of facility that rights groups and U.S. officials say is part of Beijing's espionage operations. At the opening of the center in 2023, the Chinese ambassador, Zhang Lizhong, standing by the Hongmen chapter leader in Uganda, described it as an effort to 'protect the safety and legitimate rights and interests of Chinese investors and Chinese citizens.' Story continues below advertisement Advertisement Chinese leader Xi Jinping's bid to expand China's influence has made increasing use of Chinese people living and working abroad — a 'United Front' strategy that Xi has called the country's 'magic weapon.' This includes selectively exploiting ties to criminals that proclaim loyalty to the CCP, The Post found, letting them thrive as long as their illicit activities remain offshore and do not threaten domestic stability. A Chinese casino mogul, Zhao Wei, has been running a special economic zone in Southeast Asia that has become a flourishing hub of trafficking, money laundering and other illicit businesses, according to watchdog groups. Despite appeals to authorities in Beijing from organizations like the International Crisis Group to rein in his activity, Zhao has been able to travel freely to and from China and maintain close ties to Chinese officials, watchdog groups said. A representative of Zhao declined to make him available for comment. There is similarly 'extremely compelling' evidence tying the Hongmen association to Beijing, including photos of Wan receiving an award for patriotism from CCP entities, said Martin Thorley, a senior analyst focused on China at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC), a Geneva-based watchdog group. 'This is beyond clandestine diplomacy,' Thorley said. 'This is crime that is really deeply entrenched in state machinery.' Malaysia, which has a well-preserved diasporic Chinese community, has become a major target for China's overseas influence operations, researchers say. (Ian Teh/For The Washington Post) An endorsement After the U.S. sanctions, online scam centers linked to Hongmen in Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos continued to expand, defrauding tens of thousands of victims with fake investment and marriage schemes, investigators say. The centers are increasingly steering away from targeting Chinese citizens to avoid Beijing's wrath, as they focus on people from other parts of the world, including the United States, according to U.S. and U.N. officials. The Hongmen network is under active investigation by law enforcement in Malaysia for alleged involvement in financial crimes, including fraud, bribery, stock manipulation and money laundering, and in an espionage case in the Philippines, according to officials who confirmed probes that have not been previously reported. At least two other nations — Thailand and Palau — had already opened investigations into Hongmen for allegedly running online gambling, scam centers and other illicit businesses within their territory. In Palau, a close U.S. partner, Wan was added in 2019 to the nation's 'undesirable alien' list and banned from the Pacific island country. That followed an attempt by Wan to secure land next to two U.S. radar sites on a main southern island, which raised concerns in Washington, officials in Palau said. But individuals linked to Wan 'remain active on the island and have continued to expand their influence in Palau and elsewhere in the Pacific,' the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) said in an April report. In the past year, online-scamming, human-trafficking and money-laundering operations similar to those that Hongmen members have been accused of carrying out in Asia have also surfaced in Africa, with Uganda emerging as a major source for trafficking victims and South Africa growing as a hub for financial crime, investigators say. 'There have been increasing indications of major Asian criminal networks establishing connections and operations on the continent and exploiting similar vulnerabilities to those present in Southeast Asia,' UNODC said. Hongmen, in particular, has been 'increasing activity in Uganda and other African countries,' the office said. Ugandan and South African officials did not respond to requests for comment. The Boten Special Economic Zone in Laos. Investigators say such zones, created to boost Chinese investment in Southeast Asia, have become hotbeds of transnational crime. (Ore Huiying/For The Washington Post) 'There's a growing Venn diagram between [Chinese] authorities and Chinese organized crime groups overseas, where there's clear knowledge of each other's activities, a kind of co-awareness and cooperation,' said a former official in the U.S. State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs who, like some others, spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive information or because of security concerns. The Chinese Foreign Ministry did not respond to a list of detailed questions. Neither did the Chinese embassies in Cambodia, Uganda and South Africa, countries where the Hongmen association has active chapters, The Post found. The Chinese Embassy in D.C. declined to comment. Messages, calls, emails and letters to over a dozen Hongmen-related businesses and organizations, including its registered corporations in Cambodia, were not answered. Responding to the U.S. sanctions in 2020, Wan said, 'The World Hongmen History and Culture Association has always abided by laws and regulations, and never under the guise of China's Belt and Road Initiative engaged in any illegal behavior.' Following the sanctions, Chinese authorities publicly distanced themselves from Wan, calling allegations that he had ties to the CCP 'lies' and 'unscrupulous attacks' on China. But an examination of public and visual records undercuts that assertion and shows that despite the well-known criminal associations of Wan, contact has continued between him, Hongmen, and state and provincial entities in China, including as recently as this year: From 2015 to 2020, Wan identified himself and was identified in a newspaper owned by the Chinese government as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), an advisory body for the party. Months after China's Foreign Ministry said in 2020 that he was not a CPPCC member, Wan was pictured at a ceremony in Beijing receiving an award for patriotism from the 'Overseas United Working Committee,' an entity that sits under the CPPCC and has ties to the People's Liberation Army. an entity that sits under the CPPCC and has ties to the People's Liberation Army. Chinese state media has itself documented Wan's travels across Southeast Asia and the Pacific to negotiate government initiatives. In 2020, Wan met the president of Papua New Guinea alongside retired Chinese Senior Col. Li Yingming. Following the U.S. sanctions, Wan deepened his cooperation with a Chinese company, Ronghong Group, which works under a state-supported initiative to spread traditional Chinese medicine; he was listed last year as a consultant for the company. Wan deepened his cooperation with a Chinese company, Ronghong Group, which works under a state-supported initiative to spread traditional Chinese medicine; he was listed last year as a consultant for the company. Wan spent extended time last year in a special economic zone in Laos that Chinese authorities helped create to boost investment from China. In March, Wan met publicly with officials of China's southern province of Hainan to discuss cooperation with Hongmen — including joint work, with 'Laos as the base,' on the 'regionalization' of the Chinese yuan to displace the U.S. dollar, according to official statements. On April 17, during an official state visit by Xi to Cambodia, Hongmen members there participated in a closed-door 'special discussion' on the security of overseas Chinese with Cambodia's deputy defense minister and an organization affiliated with the CCP, according to photos and statements from the association. The CCP makes 'precise, deliberate' decisions on whom it associates with, and Wan is 'arguably the most notorious criminal on the continent who has also been very publicly sanctioned by the U.S.,' said Thorley, the GI-TOC analyst. 'For them to have given him an award … it's as clear-cut as it gets,' Thorley added. 'It was an endorsement.' A network across the Global South Before he was a patriot, Wan was a kingpin. At the height of his influence in the 1990s, he had a $50 million stake at a Macao casino and command of 10,000 triad members, according to Portuguese prosecutors. (Macao was a Portuguese colony before it was returned to China in 1999.) Starting in late 1999, Wan served 14 years in a high-security prison in Macao for gambling, loan-sharking and attempted murder — a period in which the political landscape for Chinese organized crime changed significantly. The CCP moved to force triads out of China and, at the same time, began to co-opt non-state actors such as diaspora groups to further its goals overseas. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement Before his release in December 2012, Wan was contacted by Beijing's Liaison Office in Macao and persuaded to 'ensure peaceful coexistence between triad societies in Macao and to promote cross-straits links' between Taiwan and China, said Martin Purbrick, an expert in Chinese organized crime and former Hong Kong police officer who commissioned intelligence reports on Wan's activities at the time. The Hongmen association probably emerged from these discussions, Purbrick said. Hongmen scrolly ONE: step1 2012-2018: The reinvention of Wan CHINA Macao PACIFIC ISLANDS Wan served 14 years in a high-security prison in Macao for his triad activity. After his release in 2012, he rebranded himself as a patriot. He launched a cryptocurrency called Hongbi in Cambodia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia... ...while also traveling to the Pacific Islands to promote the Belt and Road Initiative. 2012-2018: The reinvention of Wan CHINA Macao PACIFIC ISLANDS Wan served 14 years in a high-security prison in Macao for his triad activity. After his release in 2012, he rebranded himself as a patriot. He launched a cryptocurrency called Hongbi in Cambodia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia... ...while also traveling to the Pacific Islands to promote the Belt and Road Initiative. 2012-2018: The reinvention of Wan Wan served 14 years in a high-security prison in Macao for his triad activity. After his release in 2012, he rebranded himself as a patriot. CHINA Macao PACIFIC ISLANDS He launched a cryptocurrency called Hongbi in Cambodia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia... ...while also traveling to the Pacific Islands to promote the Belt and Road Initiative. Hongmen scrolly ONE: step2 2019-2022: Entrenchment in Asia CHINA MYANMAR THAILAND MALAYSIA Wan appointed leaders to Hongmen chapters across the Asia-Pacific: • In Myanmar, Wan courted investors for a development that turned into a center for online scams and human trafficking, say U.S. officials. • In Malaysia, Liow helped Wan carry out scams that profit Hongmen, according to Malaysian investigators. • In Thailand, Bai led illicit ventures until a warrant was issued for his arrest by Thai authorities. 2019-2022: Entrenchment in Asia Wan appointed leaders to Hongmen chapters across the Asia-Pacific: In Myanmar, Wan courted investors for a development that turned into a center for online scams and human trafficking, say U.S. officials. CHINA MYANMAR THAILAND MALAYSIA In Malaysia, Liow helped Wan carry out scams that profit Hongmen, according to Malaysian investigators. In Thailand, Bai led illicit ventures until a warrant was issued for his arrest by Thai authorities. 2019-2022: Entrenchment in Asia CHINA MYANMAR THAILAND MALAYSIA Wan appointed leaders to Hongmen chapters across the Asia-Pacific: • In Myanmar, Wan courted investors for a development that turned into a center for online scams and human trafficking, say U.S. officials. • In Malaysia, Liow helped Wan carry out scams that profit Hongmen, according to Malaysian investigators. • In Thailand, Bai led illicit ventures until a warrant was issued for his arrest by Thai authorities. In 2018, months after Malaysia's then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad canceled or paused billions of dollars' worth of Chinese BRI projects, a Malaysian businessman closely affiliated with the Chinese Embassy, Tan Choon Hwa, helped Wan lead a group of Chinese investors to the capital, Kuala Lumpur, to meet legislators and cabinet officials, as well as Mahathir, according to Malaysian legislators and individuals close to the CCP. Photos and witness accounts also show that Wan's delegation included a Chinese chair of a CCP-linked entity, the Malaysia One Belt One Road Committee. Tan did not respond to queries on Wan. Mahathir said he did not recall meeting Wan. In 2019, Wan attended a commemoration of Macao's 'return to the motherland' alongside CCP leaders, and in 2020, during Hong Kong's pro-democracy protests, he filmed a video in support of the Beijing-backed National Security Law. As the world reeled from the covid-19 pandemic, Wan placed advertisements in Chinese-language newspapers in Malaysia applauding China's response. In 2023, Wan co-hosted an event in Macao to promote investment in Chinese traditional medicine — which the CCP has identified as a BRI priority — appearing alongside a former party leader from Tibet, photos from the event show. A prominent Malaysian businessman, Tan Choon Hwa, brokered meetings for Wan with Malaysian officials and tycoons while maintaining close ties to the Chinese Embassy. (Ian Teh/For The Washington Post) Unlike Chinese triads, which focused on controlling territory, the Hongmen association formed as a 'constellation of business structures,' which allowed it to expand rapidly across parts of the Global South hungry for investment, said Nathan Paul Southern, a researcher at the Eyewitness Project, an independent group investigating illicit industries. Business records show that an early business entity called the Shijie Hongmen Investment Co. was registered in Cambodia in 2018 under the name Xu Ran Ran, who was Wan's wife, according to law enforcement in Palau and Malaysia. Calls and messages to Xu's number were not answered. Other Hongmen companies and chapters were set up in at least eight other countries over a span of three years, public records show, as Wan brought old contacts and new allies into the organization, many of them Chinese nationals with criminal histories, according to public records reviewed by The Post. Of five Hongmen deputies identified by The Post, at least two have been convicted of various criminal offenses, records show. Riot police during the pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. Wan and other Hongmen members have been outspoken critics of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement. () The association's first big initiative was a Hongmen-branded cryptocurrency, Hongbi, which was traded on a Hong Kong-based exchange. Documents published by All In Group, a Hong Kong company that partnered with Hongmen, listed a member of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, an arm of the CCP, as a consultant for the project. Hongmen, pitch documents stated, would use blockchain technology to 'unite brothers' and facilitate Beijing's Belt and Road Initiative. After Hongbi's launch, however, the price surged and then plunged before the cryptocurrency was no longer traded at all, a pattern indicating 'a possibility of the crypto's use in a money laundering and/or so-called 'pump and dump' investor fraud scheme,' UNODC said in a 2024 report on financial crime that named Wan and Hongmen. Messages sent to a listed contact of the All In Group were not returned and the company appears defunct. Leong, a Hongmen member in Malaysia who asked to be identified only by his surname to avoid reprisals, said most buyers of the Hongbi coin ended up losing money. But the Hongmen association — and Wan specifically — came away richer, Leong said. To break into Malaysia, Wan leveraged connections he had in the country's casino hub of Genting Highlands. (Ian Teh/For The Washington Post) Under investigation After Hongbi, Wan worked with contacts in Genting Highlands, Malaysia's casino hub, and with local groups to run online scams, manipulate stocks and carry out other schemes, the proceeds of which were funneled to Hongmen-related bank accounts, Malaysian investigators say. He also courted financiers in Malaysia for a Chinese development project in Myawaddy, Myanmar, that became a center for online scam centers and human trafficking, according to the U.S. Treasury and UNODC, and brought Chinese Malaysian criminal actors closer into the orbit of the CCP, say Hongmen members. 'Wan injected millions of dollars into the local casino industry and is believed to be a key player behind the proliferation of Myawaddy cyberfraud compounds,' UNODC said in a report on underground casinos. 'He is also understood to be involved in several related projects in Cambodia and elsewhere in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.' In 2021, Malaysian authorities charged Nicky Liow, a Hongmen vice president, with being a member of an organized crime group. But after a drawn-out legal process, Liow was acquitted without public announcement, court documents obtained by The Post show. Liow's lawyer, Rajpal Singh, did not respond to a list of detailed questions. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement Malaysian officials pointed to a lack of cooperation from Chinese authorities in the Liow investigation. 'It was a failure,' a senior police official in Kuala Lumpur said about the case. The problem for the prosecution, he explained, was that the nexus of power behind Liow's operations lay abroad, principally in China. When Beijing began clamping down on scam operations abroad that targeted Chinese citizens, Wan publicly denied ties to the Myanmar development, called Dongmei Zone, and to other scam hubs in Southeast Asia. 'It is all lies. I have never been involved in these heartless activities,' he said in a 2024 video shared on Hongmen channels. 'In the last years of my life, all I want to do is serve my country.' Story continues below advertisement Advertisement Last September, Malaysian police notified Chinese authorities that they were continuing their investigation to look more closely at Wan and his alleged involvement in fraud, bribery and money laundering in the country, according to people aware of the correspondence who described its contents to The Post. This came just as investigators in the neighboring Philippines opened a separate probe into Wan and Hongmen, in part for their connections to Alice Guo, a disgraced Philippine mayor currently in police custody on suspicion of spying for China and carrying out online scamming, money laundering, and other crimes at facilities in the country, said a senior Philippine official. A Malaysian academic who served until last year as a member of the China Overseas Friendship Association under the CCP said Chinese authorities tolerate Hongmen involvement in criminal activities in exchange for being able to rely on the group to carry out 'influence operations' in key countries. 'What the party wants is to unite groups like Hongmen and others in Thailand, in Cambodia, in Malaysia — unite them to serve the party agenda,' he said. Malaysian business groups and cultural associations have become increasingly vulnerable to influence operations by the CCP, researchers say. (Ian Teh/For The Washington Post) Inroads into Africa As it comes under scrutiny in parts of Asia, Hongmen has turned to expanding its operations farther afield, in Africa. In March 2023, Thai police raided the Hongmen office in Bangkok in response to public videos of Bai Zhaohui, Hongmen's overseas president, boasting about illicit ventures in the country, and to tips that Bai was operating the Hongmen association without required permits. In the videos, since scrubbed from the internet but saved by Thai authorities and reviewed by The Post, Bai doesn't specify his activities but tells followers to do 'whatever business' makes him money, which Thai police said they believed referred to illicit activity. Court records in China show that a man matching the name, birth date and birth province of Bai was arrested at least six times and served a prison term from 2016 to 2020 for rape. By the time Thai authorities caught wind of his activities, however, Bai had slipped away. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement Two months after Thai police issued a warrant for his arrest on grounds that he was operating businesses and organizations without requisite permits, Bai surfaced in South Africa, where he registered a company called Huichuang Group in Cape Town, business records show. He returned to Beijing for a conference on Africa the following month and in 2024 appeared again in Beijing for a gala with CCP officials. Dressed in his signature white suit, he introduced himself to a television interviewer as chief executive of a firm with plans to provide security for Chinese businesses in Africa. 'Us Chinese abroad,' Bai said, 'have to take care of one another.' Surachate Hakparn, a former Thai police general who led the investigation into Bai, said his officers have communicated all they know about Bai and Hongmen to Beijing. 'The Chinese authorities have a lot of information,' Surachate said. The fate of the investigation, he added, was now up to them. Messages sent to various social media accounts that posted self-recorded videos and livestreams of Bai were not answered. Neither were inquiries sent to his company's address listed in business registration documents. In venturing into South Africa, Bai joined a growing Hongmen network that has ambitions to build influence on the continent. Hongmen scrolly TWO: step3 2023: Encroachment into Africa CHINA Luzhou SOUTH AFRICA Johannesburg Lu Liran, Hongmen leader in Johannesburg, South Africa He was charged in 2011 with a near-fatal assault on a Chinese national in Johannesburg, according to South African police. He ran a private security service escorting Chinese businesses and officials. In 2023, he hosted CCP officials from the city of Luzhou in meetings with South African politicians, photos show. 2023: Encroachment into Africa Lu Liran, Hongmen leader in Johannesburg, South Africa He was charged in 2011 with a near-fatal assault on a Chinese national in Johannesburg, according to South African police. CHINA Johannesburg SOUTH AFRICA In 2023, he hosted CCP officials from the city of Luzhou in meetings with South African politicians, photos show. He ran a private security service escorting Chinese businesses and officials. 2023: Encroachment into Africa CHINA Luzhou SOUTH AFRICA Johannesburg Lu Liran, Hongmen leader in Johannesburg, South Africa He was charged in 2011 with a near-fatal assault on a Chinese national in Johannesburg, according to South African police. He ran a private security service escorting Chinese businesses and officials. In 2023, he hosted CCP officials from the city of Luzhou in meetings with South African politicians, photos show. Hongmen scrolly TWO: step4 2023: Encroachment into Africa Ye Baochun, Hongmen leader in Kampala, Uganda Ye heads the quasi-governmental Chinese Union of Uganda and has been described as a 'consular assistance officer' by the Chinese Embassy. CHINA UGANDA In 2023, he established the China-Uganda Security and Overseas Chinese Cooperation Center, which rights groups say could be used to aid Chinese espionage. ... ... Similar police centers have been used to surveil diaspora communities and intimidate Chinese critics abroad, according to rights groups. 2023: Encroachment into Africa CHINA UGANDA Kampala Ye Baochun, Hongmen leader in Kampala, Uganda Ye heads the quasi-governmental Chinese Union of Uganda and has been described as a 'consular assistance officer' by the Chinese Embassy. In 2023, he established the China-Uganda Security and Overseas Chinese Cooperation Center, which rights groups say could be used to aid Chinese espionage. ... ... Similar police centers have been used to surveil diaspora communities and intimidate Chinese critics abroad, according to rights groups. 2023: Encroachment into Africa CHINA UGANDA Kampala Ye Baochun, Hongmen leader in Kampala, Uganda Ye heads the quasi-governmental Chinese Union of Uganda and has been described as a 'consular assistance officer' by the Chinese Embassy. In 2023, he established the China-Uganda Security and Overseas Chinese Cooperation Center, which rights groups say could be used to aid Chinese espionage. ... ... Similar police centers have been used to surveil diaspora communities and intimidate Chinese critics abroad, according to rights groups. Malaysian activists protest the trafficking of Malaysians into scam compounds in Myanmar, including one, Dongmei Zone, that investigators say Wan helped to establish. (Ian Teh/For The Washington Post) A glitzy opening The only authority able to rein in the association is the CCP, say Thorley and other researchers. Beijing in recent years has enforced a global crackdown on scammers targeting Chinese nationals, rescuing thousands of victims and hauling perpetrators back to China. The Hongmen network, however, has been left relatively untouched even as it continues to be involved in scamming operations in Southeast Asia that have targeted victims from across the world, including Americans, according to U.S. officials, U.N. investigators, and research organizations like the U.S. Institute of Peace and the Eyewitness Project. Story continues below advertisement Advertisement In Cambodia, at the same time the Chinese Embassy has repatriated Chinese criminals by the planeload, Hongmen has registered new businesses and opened retail storefronts, public records show. This is because Hongmen leaders, with their close ties to the Cambodian elite, have become key figures in China's relationship with the country, a staunch supporter on contentious issues such as the treatment of Muslim Uyghurs in China's Xinjiang region, say Western diplomats in Cambodia. Cambodia's Foreign Ministry did not respond to requests for comment. Hongmen held a glitzy opening last July for a retail store in Phnom Penh, which was attended by Cambodian politicians, generals and celebrities, photos and videos show. Hongmen documents and business registration records show that a Chinese national and association vice president, Cai Zhiqin, was last year named director of newly incorporated businesses in Cambodia to manufacture and distribute Hongmen-branded merchandise. Neither Cai nor his listed businesses responded to requests for comment. A pack of Hongmen-branded cigarettes. The association in recent years has opened a string of retail businesses in Southeast Asia and China. (Ian Teh/For The Washington Post) One recent afternoon, a Post reporter visited the Hongmen store, located in a Chinese enclave dotted with casinos and cryptocurrency exchanges. The store appeared to be more a projection of power than a functioning business. Inside a gleaming gold storefront monitored by guards, a video featuring Wan played on a loop. There were no other customers. An employee, who declined to give her name, said the store was a hub for the Hongmen association. Members come from all over Southeast Asia and beyond and hold meetings on the second floor, the employee said. What about all the merchandise on display? Was it for sale? The employee shook her head at the stacks of Hongmen-branded cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, tea, water, watches and T-shirts. None of it was for sale. Smiling, the employee explained, 'It's just for show.'
Malay Mail
18-06-2025
- Health
- Malay Mail
Hong Kong Baptist University and Elsevier Report Highlights Global Expansion of Chinese Medicine Research, Urges Standardised Frameworks for Broader Integration
HKBU and Elsevier launched a new report "Evolving Legacy: Decoding the Scientific Trajectory of Chinese Medicine", highlighting the growing global impact of Chinese Medicine research in diversified healthcare solutions. Rapid expansion : Chinese Medicine research grew at a 10.6% compound annual growth rate — more than double the global research average — nearly tripling output between 2014 and 2023. : Chinese Medicine research grew at a 10.6% compound annual growth rate — more than double the global research average — nearly tripling output between 2014 and 2023. High scholarly impact : 14.2% of Chinese Medicine papers ranked among the world's top 10% most-cited (global norm: 10%), with a field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) of 1.12. : 14.2% of Chinese Medicine papers ranked among the world's top 10% most-cited (global norm: 10%), with a field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) of 1.12. Interdisciplinary breadth : Medicine dominates (61.9% of output), followed by Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology (33.1%) and Pharmacology (28.1%). Citing publications span diverse major domains — from Engineering to Materials Science. : Medicine dominates (61.9% of output), followed by Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology (33.1%) and Pharmacology (28.1%). Citing publications span diverse major domains — from Engineering to Materials Science. Global collaboration hubs : Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR exceed 80% cross-regional collaboration, above the 18% world average, and achieving FWCI >1.6 in cross-regional collaborative publications. : Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR exceed 80% cross-regional collaboration, above the 18% world average, and achieving FWCI >1.6 in cross-regional collaborative publications. Emerging research foci : Top-published trending topics include "Herbaceous Agent | Chinese Medicine | Network Pharmacology" and COVID-19 applications, reflecting integration of omics, AI and systems methods. : Top-published trending topics include "Herbaceous Agent | Chinese Medicine | Network Pharmacology" and COVID-19 applications, reflecting integration of omics, AI and systems methods. Societal resonance: 11.1% of research outputs were mentioned on social media and 2.9% cited in policy documents, reflecting growing public and policymaker interest. ISTANBUL, TURKEY - Media OutReach Newswire - 18 June 2025 – The report "Evolving Legacy: Decoding the Scientific Trajectory of Chinese Medicine" released today by Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) and Elsevier, reveals the growing impact of Chinese Medicine research on global healthcare and modern health challenges. In this context, "Chinese Medicine research" encompasses not only clinical practice, but also basic and translational science, AI-driven systems medicine, and the network pharmacology of herbal formulas. This first bibliometric analysis of Chinese Medicine research from 2014 to 2023 highlights the field's rapid growth, interdisciplinarity, and societal impact on Digital Health and Systems findings from the report include:Chinese Medicine's mainstream integration lacks a global, transparent, evidence-based framework. To elevate its scientific profile, key strategies include developing internationally accepted clinical guidelines through expert consensus, enhancing trial reporting standards to improve research quality, and fostering interdisciplinary, cross-regional collaboration to drive innovation and systemic impact."'Evolving Legacy' demonstrates how Chinese Medicine research has matured into a global, evidence-informed field," said"We envision a future where data science and AI illuminate what Chinese Medicine research has long intimated, providing deeper insights into health classifications and compound interventions. The next frontier is using Chinese Medicine research to uncover insights possibly overlooked in Digital Health and Systems Medicine, strengthening their scientific foundation and impact.""This report offers unprecedented insights into Chinese Medicine's evolving scientific landscape," added. "It illuminates the growing global impact of Chinese Medicine research and its role in diversified healthcare solutions, making a vital step towards bridging traditional knowledge with modern validation for the benefit of global health."The report was developed using Elsevier's bibliometric tools, Scopus and SciVal, based on a comprehensive dataset and case studies compiled in collaboration with HKBU Chinese Medicine research experts. The report can be accessed on Hashtag: #HKBU The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.
Malay Mail
17-06-2025
- Health
- Malay Mail
Hong Kong Baptist University and Elsevier Report Charts Global Growth of Chinese Medicine Research, Calls for Standardised Frameworks for Broader Integration
HKBU and Elsevier launched a new report "Evolving Legacy: Decoding the Scientific Trajectory of Chinese Medicine", highlighting the growing global impact of Chinese Medicine research in diversified healthcare solutions. Rapid expansion : Chinese Medicine research grew at a 10.6% compound annual growth rate — more than double the global research average — nearly tripling output between 2014 and 2023. : Chinese Medicine research grew at a 10.6% compound annual growth rate — more than double the global research average — nearly tripling output between 2014 and 2023. High scholarly impact : 14.2% of Chinese Medicine papers ranked among the world's top 10% most-cited (global norm: 10%), with a field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) of 1.12. : 14.2% of Chinese Medicine papers ranked among the world's top 10% most-cited (global norm: 10%), with a field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) of 1.12. Interdisciplinary breadth : Medicine dominates (61.9% of output), followed by Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology (33.1%) and Pharmacology (28.1%). Citing publications span diverse major domains — from Engineering to Materials Science. : Medicine dominates (61.9% of output), followed by Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology (33.1%) and Pharmacology (28.1%). Citing publications span diverse major domains — from Engineering to Materials Science. Global collaboration hubs : Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR exceed 80% cross-regional collaboration, above the 18% world average, and achieving FWCI >1.6 in cross-regional collaborative publications. : Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR exceed 80% cross-regional collaboration, above the 18% world average, and achieving FWCI >1.6 in cross-regional collaborative publications. Emerging research foci : Top-published trending topics include "Herbaceous Agent | Chinese Medicine | Network Pharmacology" and COVID-19 applications, reflecting integration of omics, AI and systems methods. : Top-published trending topics include "Herbaceous Agent | Chinese Medicine | Network Pharmacology" and COVID-19 applications, reflecting integration of omics, AI and systems methods. Societal resonance: 11.1% of research outputs were mentioned on social media and 2.9% cited in policy documents, reflecting growing public and policymaker interest. ISTANBUL, TURKEY - Media OutReach Newswire - 17 June 2025 – The report "Evolving Legacy: Decoding the Scientific Trajectory of Chinese Medicine" released today by Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) and Elsevier, reveals the growing impact of Chinese Medicine research on global healthcare and modern health challenges. In this context, "Chinese Medicine research" encompasses not only clinical practice, but also basic and translational science, AI-driven systems medicine, and the network pharmacology of herbal formulas. This first bibliometric analysis of Chinese Medicine research from 2014 to 2023 highlights the field's rapid growth, interdisciplinarity, and societal impact on Digital Health and Systems findings from the report include:Chinese Medicine's mainstream integration lacks a global, transparent, evidence-based framework. To elevate its scientific profile, key strategies include developing internationally accepted clinical guidelines through expert consensus, enhancing trial reporting standards to improve research quality, and fostering interdisciplinary, cross-regional collaboration to drive innovation and systemic impact."'Evolving Legacy' demonstrates how Chinese Medicine research has matured into a global, evidence-informed field," said"We envision a future where data science and AI illuminate what Chinese Medicine research has long intimated, providing deeper insights into health classifications and compound interventions. The next frontier is using Chinese Medicine research to uncover insights possibly overlooked in Digital Health and Systems Medicine, strengthening their scientific foundation and impact.""This report offers unprecedented insights into Chinese Medicine's evolving scientific landscape," added. "It illuminates the growing global impact of Chinese Medicine research and its role in diversified healthcare solutions, making a vital step towards bridging traditional knowledge with modern validation for the benefit of global health."The report was developed using Elsevier's bibliometric tools, Scopus and SciVal, based on a comprehensive dataset and case studies compiled in collaboration with HKBU Chinese Medicine research experts. The report can be accessed on Hashtag: #HKBU The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.
Zawya
13-06-2025
- Business
- Zawya
Nigeria: FG showcases railway infrastructure investment opportunities, woos investors
The Federal Government has reaffirmed Nigeria's commitment to the development of the rail sector for sustainable economic growth. Speaking at the 16th International Infrastructure Investment And Construction Forum (IIICF), in Macao, China, the Minister Of Transportation, Senator Said Ahmed Alkali called on Chinese and other foreign investors to invest in Nigeria's railway infrastructure such as the power supply schemes, integrated security solutions, and real-time monitoring systems to secure the corridors and ensure reliable service delivery. Alkali said Nigeria has embraced sustainability in its railway development strategy and is retrofitting locomotives to accommodate hybrid propulsion systems powered by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). 'Infrastructure is not just about tracks and trains. For our railway system to function optimally, there is a need for investments in dedicated power supply schemes, integrated security solutions, and real-time monitoring systems to secure the corridors and ensure reliable service delivery. These are areas ripe for private sector participation and public-private partnerships. 'China has been a trusted friend and partner, and we look forward to deeper collaboration that builds not just railways, but bridges of opportunity, peace, and shared progress. 'I invite global investors, financiers, and infrastructure developers here to consider Nigeria not merely as a market, but as a strategic hub for African regional connectivity, a country that believes in partnerships that empower and transform. 'Together, through enhanced connectivity and win-win cooperation, we can build a future where our railways and other modes of land transport carry not just goods and people, but also the promise of a prosperous tomorrow.' Speaking on the theme of the event, the minister said, 'The theme of this year's Forum is particularly apt, as nations around the world increasingly realise that no economy thrives in isolation. 'The critical role of connectivity in transportation infrastructure, especially railway systems, cannot be overemphasised. 'At the heart of this connectivity is cooperation. A cooperation that must be mutual. A cooperation that must be strategic. A cooperation that, in the words of this year's theme, must be on win-win approach,' he stated. The Minister further stated that 'Nigeria has found such cooperation in its partnership with the People's Republic of China. Through deliberate collaboration anchored in mutual respect and shared interests, Nigeria and China have embarked on transformational infrastructure projects that are enhancing regional integration, unlocking economic potential, and delivering tangible benefits to our people. 'A prime example of this partnership is the Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway Project, which is a flagship initiative under Nigeria's railway modernisation programme undertaken by the China Civil Engineering Construction Company (CCECC). This ambitious corridor has been segmented for implementation, and I am pleased to report remarkable milestones: 'The Abuja–Kaduna Railway Line, the first completed segment, has been operational since 2016, becoming a vital link for passengers and cargo in Northern Nigeria. The Lagos–Ibadan Railway Line, completed and inaugurated in 2021, is now enhancing commercial activity between Nigeria's largest commercial city and its hinterland. Construction is currently ongoing on the Kaduna–Kano Railway Line, with notable progress being recorded despite funding challenges. 'However, for the full benefits of this transformative corridor to be realised, it is imperative to complete the remaining segment: Ibadan–Minna–Abuja. This strategic link is the last piece in the Lagos–Kano corridor and will, upon completion, enhance inter-regional trade, reduce logistics costs, and improve trans-African connectivity. We, therefore, call on our Chinese partners to once again lend their support, both financial and technica,l to bring this critical segment to life. 'The Nigeria-China railway cooperation is a shining example of how bilateral infrastructure partnerships can transform nations. For China, this has not only strengthened its global Belt and Road Initiative but also deepened trade relations, expanded cultural exchanges, and fostered goodwill between our peoples. 'As we look to the future, Nigeria remains open and eager to attract strategic partners to develop additional corridors for standard gauge railways.' He said several feasibility studies have been completed by the Ministry of Transportation and present investment-ready opportunities, including: 'Port Harcourt–Maiduguri Railway with Branch Lines (2,163km), Aba–Owerri–Nnewi–Onitsha–Awka–Enugu–Abakaliki Corridor (254km), Kano–Nguru–Gashua–Damaturu–Gamboru-Ngala Line (740km), Lagos–Ibadan–Abuja High-Speed Rail Line (605km), Illela–Sokoto–Jega–Yauri–Makera–Minna Line (408km), Zaria–Funtua–Gasua–Kaura Namoda–Sokoto–Illela–Birnin Koni Corridor (520km), Calabar–Ikom–Obudu–Ogoja–Wukari–Yola–Maiduguri Route. 'Concession opportunities for existing narrow-gauge systems, such as the Lagos–Kano Western LineThese corridors span critical mineral, agricultural, and commercial zones, offering tremendous return on investment for any committed partner,' Alkali stated. Copyright © 2022 Nigerian Tribune Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (
Zawya
12-06-2025
- Business
- Zawya
Arup drives global infrastructure collaboration at IIICF
HONG KONG SAR - Media OutReach Newswire - 12 June 2025 - The 16th International Infrastructure Investment and Construction Forum (IIICF), co-hosted by the Macao Commerce and Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM) and the China International Contractors Association (CHINCA), took place from 10 to 12 June at The Venetian Macao Cotai Expo. At the event, global built environment consultancy Arup hosted a parallel forum on 'Unlocking opportunities in global infrastructure collaboration through total engineering'. The event gathered industry leaders from around the world to discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by large-scale international infrastructure projects. Participants also explored collaborative approaches to integrated engineering design and project management. The forum opened with keynote speeches by Matt Crossman, Deputy HMTC, Department for Business and Trade, British Embassy Beijing; TC Chew, APAC Managing Director, Arup; and Fang Qiuchen, Chairman of CHINCA. TC Chew remarked: "The APAC region offers immense potential for infrastructure development, alongside unique complexities. At Arup, we are addressing these challenges using Total Design. This holistic approach brings us a comprehensive view on what's possible, desirable, and commercially viable. It enables us to integrate diverse expertise through seamless collaboration, creating innovative and sustainable solutions that adapt to changing client needs and regional obstacles. By delivering impactful projects that resonate with local communities, we drive meaningful change, shaping a resilient and sustainable built environment for the future." Further keynote addresses were given by Kate West, Chief Officer, APAC Business & Markets, Arup. Kate said: "The Asia-Pacific region will see one of the highest construction industry growth rates of any region globally over the next 10 years, driven by the outperformance of key emerging markets including Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines. This growth is driving huge demand for skills and capital across the building and infrastructure sectors, amid a broader economic expansion. At Arup, we're harnessing our global expertise and deep local relationships across our integrated APAC region to navigate these complexities—sharing knowledge, building capabilities, and delivering better outcomes for our clients and communities." Two panel discussions followed, with prominent industry experts sharing insights on large-scale international infrastructure projects. The first panel, titled 'Challenges and opportunities of large-scale international infrastructure projects' was moderated by TC Chew. Panellists included Jacob Kam, CEO of MTR Corporation; Zhou Jiayi, Deputy GM of Power China International Company, GM of the Asia-Pacific Regional Headquarters; and Matt Crossman. Together, panellists discussed the various challenges in international infrastructure development including financing, new technologies, environmental protection, and policies and regulations. They also exchanged ideas on how to make the most of complementary strengths, promote new types of partnerships, and ensure everyone benefits from the outcome. The following keynote speeches were delivered by Michael McGowan, APAC Transport Market Portfolio Leader, Arup and David Moran, APAC Digital Leader, Arup. Michael, who has led aviation, road, utility, and planning projects, and David, an expert in IT strategy and project management, shared their experiences on large, multidisciplinary infrastructure projects. They also offered perspectives on the future of infrastructure development. The second panel discussion was moderated by Philip Wong, East Asia Business & Markets Director, Arup, and featured Chan Kuong In, Deputy General Manager, China Construction Engineering (Macau) Company Limited; Lu Yuchun, Chief Engineer of Smart Transportation BU, Huawei; and Charles Im, Southeast Asia Rail Leader, Arup. Drawing on their experiences, the panellists analysed design technology, market culture, ecological demands, and collaborative approaches that can drive progress in smart, green, and sustainable infrastructure development. Additionally, Theresa Yeung, East Asia Managing Principal, Arup discussed the role of the Mechanism for International Sustainable Infrastructure Promotion (MISIP) in multi-stakeholder collaboration with several experts at another panel discussion. She said: "MISIP offers a valuable platform that brings together governments, investors, and technical experts to accelerate the development of sustainable infrastructure. At Arup, we believe that the most resilient and future-ready solutions emerge when diverse stakeholders collaborate from the outset. MISIP enables this by fostering shared understanding, aligning priorities, and encouraging innovation across sectors and geographies. It's a much-needed mechanism to help cities and communities transition toward more inclusive, low-carbon, and adaptive infrastructure systems." There has been an increase in international cooperation in infrastructure construction, thanks in part to national policies such as the Belt and Road Initiative. Arup believes this forum, which has brought together experts and leaders from various sectors, will promote more project resource sharing and multidisciplinary collaboration. It will also help industry professionals stay informed about market trends, challenges, and opportunities, and ultimately support the international infrastructure development. Hashtag: #Arup The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement. About Arup Arup is a global built environment consultancy with advisory and technical expertise across more than 150 disciplines. We create safe, resilient, and regenerative places, bringing a Total Design approach to our work for our clients. With over 40 years of experience in China, we are at the forefront of industry development. Our projects span landmark architecture, large-scale infrastructure, as well as regional and city-scale planning, strategic management consultancy and digital services. Our portfolio includes iconic projects such as the Sydney Opera House, the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the Queensferry Crossing in Scotland, and Singapore's Changi Airport. In China, we have contributed to a series of significant projects such as CCTV Headquarters in Beijing, the National Stadium and the National Aquatic Centre (the 'Bird's Nest' and 'Water Cube'), the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, and the Shanghai urban drainage master planning. Through these projects, we have not only witnessed China's urban growth and prosperity but also demonstrated our technical excellence and extensive project experience. Arup
