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The Wire
8 hours ago
- Politics
- The Wire
Peru Negotiations 'Concerning', Scientists Urge India to Intervene in Genetic Resources Talks
New Delhi: Four scientists and experts have written to Union agriculture minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan on the urgent need for Indian intervention on proposals on the future of genetic resources in the ongoing International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Peru. The experts are Suman Sahai, chairperson of the a research and advocacy organisation Gene Campaign, Dinesh Abrol, a professor at the Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, and B Sarath Babu and Soma Marla, who are both former principal scientists at ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources. The current trajectory of negotiations to change the multilateral system of the international treaty under which genetic resources are accessed by countries has given the writers profound concern, the writers say. "We urge India to take the lead in negotiations to strike a fair and equitable balance for all stakeholders, particularly between the providers and users of plant genetic resources," the writers note. § The letter is produced in full below. Sri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India The 14th Meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of ITPGRFA contracting parties is taking place from 7-11 July in Lima, Peru. The specific focus of this meeting is to expand the scope of the existing multilateral agreement to include ALL plant genetic resources instead of the restricted list of plants offered by member countries. This is not in the interest of India and other developing countries that are the providers of genetic resources. Apart from this there are other proposals on the table. We are writing to express our profound concern about the current trajectory of negotiations to change the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty under which genetic resources are accessed between countries. India, a leading member of the Treaty, is rich in plant genetic resources, which constitute the foundation of its agriculture and food production. It must not allow any challenges to its sovereign rights over this vital resource. There is apprehension that the current proposals on the table for the GB 11 will not adequately address the concerns of genetic diversity-rich countries, farmers, and local communities, whose enormous contributions have been and continue to be central to global food security. Pushing for access to all plant genetic resources, overtaking existing lists of plants that countries have agreed to present for global access Concerns Full access instead of a negotiated access, could significantly compromise a nation's sovereign rights over its genetic resources and override domestic legislation, like India's Biodiversity Act. It could also impact Farmers' Rights to save, use, exchange, and sell their farm-saved seeds. There is a palpable discontent that payment into the benefit-sharing fund remains paltry, while access to genetic resources (including DSI) continues and is slated to expand Access to genetic material for users must be unequivocally linked to a proportionate increase in monetary benefit-sharing for provider countries and communities. Revising the existing terms of access and benefit sharing The draft proposals aim to change the terms of access to Plant Genetic Resources and the agreed sharing of profits derived therefrom. Broadly speaking, developing countries are the providers of genetic resources whereas developed countries are the users of these resources Concerns The newly proposed payment rates and mechanisms are not such that will generate funds commensurate with the value of the genetic diversity taken. As it stands, after millions of seed transfers, very few monetary contributions have materialized. The revised MTA contains loopholes, allowing commercial users to avoid or minimize benefit-sharing obligations. The use of broad confidentiality clauses can hinder transparency and the ability to track the utilization of genetic resources and enforce benefit-sharing. Benefit sharing for use of Digital Sequence Information (DSI) /Genetic Sequence Data (GSD) This is perhaps the most contentious area, dealing with how benefits derived from the use of digitized genetic information of plant resources should be shared. Concerns Dilution of sovereignty Over DSI: Diversity-rich countries like India argue that unrestricted access to DSI without explicit benefit-sharing mechanisms will facilitate "digital biopiracy." It is difficult to trace the origin of DSI once it is uploaded to public databases Developed countries and the seed industry want open access to DSI for research and innovation, and advocate against mandatory payments. Any 'voluntary' approach to DSI benefit-sharing ( as being discussed) would allow users to access sequence data, bypassing physical materials, and evade benefit-sharing obligations. Recommendations for the way forward: Facilitate multilateral Group Discussions among Parties to bridge existing divides and try to arrive at a common ground. This is especially needed between diversity-rich developing countries (providers) and the developed countries (Users) to address specific points of divergence on DSI, expansion of lists of accessible crops, and benefit-sharing payment mechanisms. We urge India to take the lead in negotiations to strike a fair and equitable balance for all stakeholders, particularly between the providers and users of plant genetic resources. This would ensure global food security and a secure future where the rights of those who conserve biodiversity are justly upheld. Dr Suman Sahai, chairperson, Gene Campaign Dr Dinesh Abrol Dr B Sarath Babu, Former Principal Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR Dr Soma Marla, Former Principa Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR CC:
The Hindu
3 days ago
- Politics
- The Hindu
Farmers, policymakers warn Centre against proposed amendments to Plant Treaty
As the 'Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group' to enhance the Multilateral System (MLS) under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the 'Plant Treaty') meets in Peru from July 7 to 11, scientists, policymakers and activists from India have flagged concerns over the proposal to amend the treaty, particularly the Annex I of the treaty. They argue that the proposals are not only detrimental to the interests of Indian farmers, but also inconsistent with the Plant Treaty's Preamble, and Articles 10 and 11. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), however, said the country's interests would be placed first, and protected during the negotiations. India has nominated Principal Scientist, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Sunil Archak, to the meeting as he has been looking after the activities related to the Plant Treaty for several years, ICAR Director General M.L. Jat told The Hindu. 'He is highly competent to safeguard Indian interests. His visit was approved and conveyed on July 3, 2025 and he has already reached Peru,' Mr. Jat said. Mr. Archak is also the Co-Chairperson of the working group meeting. Meanwhile, the Bharath Beej Swaraj Manch and the Rashtriya Kisan Mahasangh, two organisations of farmers, have written to the Union Agriculture Ministry against the proposed amendments. Kerala Agriculture Minister P. Prasad, in a letter to Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, also said the Centre should not approve the amendments. 'We are worried that this situation could co-opt India into the proposals prepared by the Co-Chairs, without a discussion on such proposals within India and with farmers groups,' a letter by the farmers' groups to the Agriculture Ministry said. 'The Centre should consult farmers' organisations and States before deciding on the amendments,' K.V. Biju of the Rashtriya Kisan Mahasangh said. 'Several scientists have also supported the stand of the farmers,' Mr. Biju said. They said the amendments would impact the seed sovereignty of India as well. 'Annex 1 of the Plant Treaty is being proposed to be amended to expand the scope of the MLS to the fullest extent, bringing 'all Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)' under its coverage. 'All PGRFA' would include all or any plant genetic resource having actual or potential value for food and agriculture, without exception. This means India will be legally obligated to share all of its plant germplasm under standard material transfer agreement (SMTA) determined by the Governing Body (GB) of the Plant Treaty, and not under India's own terms and conditions. Such a proposal undermines sovereign rights of India over its plant genetic resources, as well as rights of the farmers over their seeds,' the letter to the government said. Mr. Prasad said the amendment would significantly reduce India's control over its plant genetic resources. The original treaty was meant to facilitate access to select crops that are vital for food security. Expanding it to 'all PGRFA' dilutes national sovereignty and may even affect the role of State Biodiversity Boards, especially when there has been no consultation with State Governments. 'It must be remembered that Agriculture and Agricultural Research fall under the State List (Schedule VII) of our Constitution,' Mr. Prasad said.
