Latest news with #NedJampijinpaHargraves
SBS Australia
22-07-2025
- SBS Australia
'We can't walk in the street.' A grieving grandfather is calling for justice and answers
Warning: this article contains the names of First Nations people who have died and distressing content. Ned Jampijinpa Hargraves, the grandfather of a 24-year-old man who passed away in Northern Territory police custody, has told Living Black his community won't feel safe in public until they get justice. Kumanjayi White , a Warlpiri man with disabilities, passed after being restrained by police at the Coles supermarket in Alice Springs in May. 'When I heard, I didn't believe, 'What are you talking about?' 'What are you trying to say?' 'What are you telling me? Tell me,'" Uncle Ned explains to Living Black. 'I didn't wanna talk to anyone at that very moment because I was very, very angry and frustrated. Kumanjayi White's passing sent shockwaves around the country, sparking series of vigils and thrust the issue of Indigenous deaths in custody back into the national spotlight. Uncle Ned says people claiming to have witnessed the incident have come forward. 'They said that they saw everything. The police was on top of my jaja (grandson) and their knee on his neck and on his back,' Uncle Ned says. 'And face down on the ground, and had him, he couldn't breathe.' Yuendumu hurting Uncle Ned, a respected Warlpiri Elder from Yuendumu, has become a voice for a community that has seen two of its young men pass in police custody since 2019. Both were Uncle Ned's grandsons. After Constable Zachery Rolfe shot Kumanjayi Walker dead, the official explanation took six years. 'I found that Mr Rolfe was racist and that he worked in, and was the beneficiary of, an organisation with hallmarks of institutional racism,' the coroner said. The community is angry and hurting and struggling to come to terms with yet another fight for answers about how their relative passed. 'They're not giving us the footage of the CCTV ... why is that?' Uncle Ned asks. 'We have the right, as the family, we have the right to see it.' The coronial inquest into Kumanjayi White's passing has been paused while the major crime division of NT Police investigates but the family's lawyer is calling for an independent investigator take over. The family's lawyer, George Newhouse from the National Justice Project, says they're being kept in the dark. 'First Nations people have a terrible relationship with the NT Police," he says. "And so, at one level, it's vital that an independent body or an independent investigator take over to give them some faith in the system.' Uncle Ned says he believes the officers involved should be stood down, pending an independent investigation. 'What? You just, you just kill a bloke and just walk away from it? Just like nothing happens? That is disgusting!" he said. The hurt and anger has distilled into a national demand for justice and Uncle Ned says he will not stop until the family's demands are met. Uncle Ned wrote to Prime Minister Anthony Albanese on the 18th anniversary of the NT Intervention to make the point that federal leaders have the power to step in. He says, if leaders in Canberra can intervene to take away Indigenous people's rights, they can also act to protect them. 'We want the Prime Minister to say something, to stop this madness. It is disgrace to us,' Uncle Ned says. 'We can't live or walk in the street. "We feel uncomfortable living in our own community, we cannot live like this in our own country.' Doubly disadvantaged Kumanjayi White had a cognitive disability and was living in Alice Springs because he needed access to a level of care not available on Country in Yuendumu. The family wants to know how a young man with a disability and on a guardianship order came into contact with the criminal justice system again and again during his young life – including with time in jail on remand. When the coronial inquest resumes, it will consider the broader circumstances that led to Kumanjayi White's passing. First People's Disability Network chief executive Damian Griffis says Kumanjayi White's passing highlights that, if you are an Aboriginal person living with a disability, you are very likely to experience both racial discrimination and disability prejudice. 'And we need to change attitude dramatically,' Mr Griffis says. 'Police need to recognise that some people are very vulnerable. "Some people may have difficulty understanding instruction because of their nature of their disability – that's not their fault; that's not their failing. "It's on everyone else to accommodate people with disability.' He says that often disability rights is framed as the last bastion of human rights. 'If we want to talk about people that are more vulnerable, extremely vulnerable to abuse and neglect, for example, it'd be pretty uncommon for an Australian with disability and for also First Nations people with disability not to have experienced abuse or neglect or some form of interaction with police that is gonna be very adverse," Mr Griffis said. Shameful record That adversity permeates jurisdictions around the country. There have been a staggering 598 deaths of First Nations people in custody since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody in 1991. Thirteen First Nations people have died in custody so far this year, according to the Institute of Criminology. A 68-year-old NT man died in Royal Darwin Hospital two weeks after Kumanjayi White. He was held down in the prone position by five specialist prison guards in Long Bay prison in NSW. They kneeled on his back as he died, despite Mr Dungay's repeated cries that he couldn't breathe. No one was charged. In Western Australia in 2008, Ngaanyatjarra Elder Mr Ward spent four hours in a prisoner transport van being taken from Laverton to Kalgoorlie. It was 42 degrees and the WA coroner said Mr Ward was effectively 'cooked' to death. Unfinished business Australian Human Rights Commission President Hugh de Krester told Living Black that, 34 years after the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, Indigenous people are still dying in custody because a key recommendation has been ignored. 'The absolute key to reducing Aboriginal deaths in custody is reducing the over-imprisonment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people,' he said. 'We have the Closing the Gap commitments, we have governments around the country saying 'we're committed to this' but the rates are going in the wrong direction.' He told Living Black that all governments, state, territory and federal, need to do more to meet their human rights obligations. 'The number one thing that governments need to do to stop that over imprisonment, is to pursue fair, effective criminal justice policies that address the reasons that people are coming into contact with police, coming into contact with the criminal justice system in the first place," Mr de Krester said. 'Those reasons are related to things like education, to healthcare, to supporting communities, to disability supports. "Until we get that right, we'll continue to see over imprisonment.' Education and healthcare Damian Griffis says there are some tough lessons that all levels of government should learn from Kumanjayi White's passing. 'There's still a very serious lack of fair and equitable access to the NDIS for our people with disability, and particularly those mob who are in regional or remote parts of the country," he said. 'The fact that he had to live off Country is a failure of the service system; a failure of the system to recognise that everyone should be entitled to live on Country and it's on the system to build the support so people can stay on Country. 'The fact that he was off Country a long way away from home, made him very vulnerable and that's another element of this that's wrong and very sad.' Living Black airs Mondays at 8.30pm on NITV, replays on Tuesday 10.35pm on SBS and is available on SBS On Demand.
ABC News
16-07-2025
- Politics
- ABC News
How inquest into fatal police shooting of Kumanjayi Walker lays a path for Warlpiri control
Sitting around the campfire in the red dust of Yuendumu, Ned Jampijinpa Hargraves tells me stories of the ancient Warlpiri customs that created clear lines of authority, and then, about his old people who were forced to work on pastoral stations for meagre rations. In the shadow of the protection era (1890s-1950s), Warlpiri people lived as wards of the state — bound by invisible chains, forbidden to roam their homelands, and silenced from speaking their language. Generations have fought to reclaim control, and the community continues to demand the return of autonomy — something they say could prevent deaths in custody. "We want to control our business," Ned said. "We don't want Kardiya (non-Indigenous people) to come and tell us what to do; that's got to stop." It is the day after Coroner Elisabeth Armitage visited the community — three hours north-west of Alice Springs — to deliver her findings on the 2019 police shooting death of Kumanjayi Walker. In the glow of the central desert community's live music stage, Ned's face grows serious as a sad and soulful reggae song hums. He shares with me that as the six-year fight for justice for Walker draws to a close, he must wake up tomorrow and meet with lawyers for a new fight. His jaja (grandson), Kumanjayi White, another Warlpiri man who lived with cognitive disabilities, died while being apprehended by plain-clothed police on the floor of the confectionery aisle at the Alice Springs Coles in May. Exhausted does not begin to describe how Ned and his family are feeling, but they are also frustrated. Frustrated that his vision, resilience, and deep understanding of what is best for Yapa (his people) has been ignored for decades. The Walker Inquest found the constable who shot Walker in Yuendumu in 2019 and was acquitted of all charges, Zachary Rolfe, held racist views. Walker's death "was avoidable", it found, and "a stark example of officer-induced jeopardy." Judge Elisabeth Armitage identified "clear evidence of entrenched, systemic and structural racism" within the institution Rolfe worked for — the NT Police. This is not something you can fix overnight with the rollout of an anti-racism plan. Systemic change can take generations. Kumanjayi Walker's cousin, Samara Fernandez-Brown, says asking the NT Police to become "safe" for Aboriginal people is unsustainable. "It's a band-aid solution, so I'd like to see a structure that replaces that altogether," Ms Fernandez-Brown said in Yuendumu last week. The Walker findings backed Aboriginal-led solutions and a return to Warlpiri controlling their own affairs. Judge Armitage called for the development of a 10-year youth strategy for Yuendumu, the expansion of night patrol services, a comprehensive review of available youth programs — including on-country rehabilitation and diversion options — and the potential establishment of a local leadership group to guide these efforts. "The solutions have already existed prior to the [2007 federal government] intervention," Ms Fernandez-Brown said. "We're hoping that these recommendations around community authority and a leadership group allow us to get back to that spot." In the wake of these findings, there is a unique opportunity for organisations and agencies to recognise Warlpiri leadership and build genuine partnerships, a move Ms Fernandez-Brown says will "prevent deaths in custody." The inquest into Kumanjayi Walker's death dug deep into a long history of colonial violence and the wounds it left behind. From the 1920s, hordes of gold prospectors and pastoralists moved to Warlpiri Country, putting strain on the only permanent water source, Pikilyi. Judge Armitage found that Warlpiri people were denied access to water and forced to work in conditions resembling slavery, with reports of people being "tied up and flogged," and women and girls raped and abducted. In 1928, the Coniston Massacre saw dozens, possibly hundreds, of Warlpiri, Anmatyerre, and Kaytetye people killed in state-sanctioned reprisals after the death of a dingo trapper. Led by a former WWI veteran turned NT police constable, the attacks went unpunished, with no convictions for any of the killings. The massacre lives on in Warlpiri memory, passed down through generations. Yuendumu became a rations depot in 1946 with the stated aim to "control the shift of Aborigines (sic) to towns", and some children were stolen from the community and institutionalised in hopes they would "integrate" into white society. Finally, in the 1970s, the idea returned that Warlpiri could lead. Federal government policies enabled community governance structures grounded in Warlpiri customary decision-making until the mid 90s, when Yuendumu had at least 13 community-controlled organisations. Judge Armitage heard evidence that this period was one of "vibrant … intercultural activity, involving Warlpiri and Western attitudes and cultural practices being worked into new and productive engagements, in the context of mutual respect relationships." She found that during the 90s, elders in Yuendumu had strong lines of communication with police. But she documented how the so-called "Intervention" systematically undermined and dismantled Warlpiri authority from 2007 onwards. It imposed compulsory income management, compulsory leasing of Aboriginal land, dispossessed traditional owners of recognition and authority, levied financial penalties for failure to comply with the Community Development Program, boosted police numbers, and brought powers allowing police to enter houses without a warrant. Community government councils were abolished by the NT government and amalgamated into eight centralised shires. Judge Armitage found this undercut Warlpiri authority and further diminished job opportunities. Housing was used as a practical example: instead of local workers fixing issues like a blocked toilet immediately, the centralised shire system left tenants waiting three to four months for minor repairs. The federal government's Intervention was meant to last for five years, but blew out another decade under the "Stronger Futures" legislation introduced in 2012. Judge Armitage heard evidence from associate professor Melinda Hinkson that, without consultation, the intervention's core measures snatched authority from traditional owners and were an increase in "the punitive governance and policing of the Warlpiri community by external authorities and officials". Kumanjayi Walker's family would have liked stronger recommendations about police accountability, but the question remains, what worth are such suggestions when the government is in no way legally obliged to implement them? Barrister John Lawrence SC, who didn't work on Kumanjayi Walker's case but represented families in many coronial inquests into Black deaths in custody and the royal commission into NT youth detention, said the inquest's value was in providing a comprehensive historical analysis of racism in the NT Police. "Its findings on that are unequivocal and damning: a force riddled with systemic racism which allowed a totally inappropriate man (Rolfe) into the force and who then permitted him and others to, it seems, have a ball at the expense of Aboriginal people," he said. "He should have been fired way before the killing incident." Rolfe has rejected the coroner's findings and says his actions were "never about race". He is considering appealing the inquest's findings. Judge Armitage called the racism within the NT Police "grotesque". Hearing this was validating for Kumanjayi Walker's family, but without police accountability reforms, Yuendumu is focusing on alternate ways they can avoid it happening again. Families see a clear path toward greater autonomy and believe that with increased resources and support, Yuendumu can shape a future where youth are no longer caught in the justice system, and where the excessive use of force by police against Aboriginal people is truly a thing of the past. "Our people have the solutions; we need to take back our rights to run our community and to have peace," Ned said. "If I could have one (recommendation implemented) today, it would be an independent ombudsman for NT police complaints, but we want investment in community and divestment from police," Ms Fernandez-Brown said. "We want that to be centred around Warlpiri and mob, by doing that it's going to prevent deaths in custody because there will be programs that offer alternative pathways." Our communities don't need saving. Our communities don't need saviours … and that is what Judge Elisabeth Armitage's 683-page report confirms.
SBS Australia
09-07-2025
- SBS Australia
"Cease fire": Warlpiri Elder's plea in the wake of Kumanjayi Walker coronial inquest
Warning: this article includes distressing and violent content and the name of Aboriginal people who have passed. Ned Jampijinpa Hargraves, senior Warlpiri Elder from Yuendumu, has called on the Northern Territory police for a ceasefire. On Monday Coroner Elisabeth Armitage released her long-awaited report into the death of Kumanjayi Walker. Kumanjayi Walker, a 19-year-old Walpiri-Luritja man was shot three times and killed by then NT police constable Zachary Rolfe during an attempted arrest in Yuendumu on November 9, 2019. Ms Armitage made 32 recommendations, including that NT Police strengthen their anti-racism strategy and make it public. In her report, Ms Armitage said she had found Mr Rolfe was racist and she could not exclude the possibility his attitudes played an integral part in the 19-year-old's death. Samara Fernandez-Brown and Uncle Ned Jampijinpa Hargraves. Speaking the day after the coroner released her report, Uncle Ned said the Warlpiri people of Yuendumu need the truth to be found and told. "We need to let the world know what has been happening to us," he said. "The coroner talked about the racists in the Northern Territory today – she has told the truth. "In future when we work with the police, it needs to be two ways of working and understanding. "The First Nations, Indigenous people, we have the first solution and we need to take back our rights, our rights to run the community and to have peace." Broken hearts Samara Fernandez-Brown, Kumanjayi Walker's cousin, said the coronial inquest, which began in September 2022 and experienced several delays, had been a huge journey for the family. "We've heard things throughout the inquest that have broken our hearts but, when we heard the coroner say that there was structural and entrenched racism in the NT police, we felt validated as a family, because to us, we felt like racism killed Kumanjayi," she said. Ms Fernandez-Brown said she was disappointed that the recommendations about police accountability weren't stronger. "We heard countless evidence about how the police have been racist, how they have been violent, and how they use too much force when it comes to our people," she said. "So that was disappointing but, in saying that, hearing some of the things around the coroner finding that Kumanjayi didn't reach for Rolfe's gun was really important to us as a family, because we felt like that was a lie. "We also heard that the coroner said that the entry into my grandmother and Kumanjayi's grandmother's house was unlawful – they did not get permission to enter." The North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency (NAAJA) welcomed the Coroner's recommendations to reform the NT police complaints system, but said they were disappointed the Coroner did not recommend an independent oversight body. "We stand with Kumanjayi Walker's family, community, and Yuendumu in their fight for truth and justice, and support the family's calls for police accountability," NAAJA chairperson Theresa Roe said. "Now is the time to stop, talk and focus on a better way forward." Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Katie Kiss says the coronial findings are a painful, but powerful, reminder of the urgent need for sweeping reform across police and justice systems to fully address ongoing injustices against First Peoples. 'This has been a slow, painful six years towards something that will never deliver complete justice for Kumanjayi Walker or the Yuendumu community,' Commissioner Kiss said. 'My heart continues to break for them, and all First Peoples families suffering over the national shame which is Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths in custody. "As the coroner said emphatically, this death should not have happened." Commissioner Kiss said Kumanjayi was a loving and much-loved young man, who was failed by the justice system even before the night of his death. "His history of trauma and intellectual disability were not adequately addressed during his time in detention," she said. 'Racism is running rife in our institutions, and it lies at the heart of these shocking injustices, but today marks a powerful moment. "These findings, delivered on the lands of Yuendumu people – Kumanjayi Walker's people – not only outline who, and what, is to blame, but offer a clear pathway for reform. 'Like the coroner, I sincerely hope these findings will help prevent further tragedies.' Since the start of 2025, there have been 13 Aboriginal deaths in custody. This includes the May death of another young Walpiri man, Kumanjayi White, who passed after being restrained by police at an Alice Springs supermarket and was Uncle Ned's grandson. "Another one gets killed. This is my family, so I've got a I've got to bear with that, so it's not good," Uncle Ned said. "I do have a message ... cease fire." The Warlpiri community and Justice For Walker campaign have been calling for police to stop carrying guns when they go to Yuendumu, with Uncle Ned saying he was disappointed that Acting NT Police Commissioner Martin Dole had not honoured his word and stayed in community for a discussion after the coroner delivered her findings. Ms Fernandez-Brown said she drew hope from the coroner's recommendation to return control back to the Yuendumu community, which had been taken as part of the NT Intervention in 2007. "I wouldn't necessarily hold my breath and hope for the Northern Territory police to change," she said. "I'd like to see structural change, but perhaps moving away from police and moving around community based solutions and accountability and structures that are safe. "At the moment, the Northern Territory is inherently unsafe for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. "Asking the Northern Territory police to become safe is unsustainable and it's a band aid solution, so I'd like to see a structure that replaces that altogether."
Canberra Times
08-07-2025
- Canberra Times
Inquest a litmus test for racism in police forces
A fortnight before the inquest findings were due to be delivered, another young Warlpiri man, 24-year-old Kumanjayi White from Yuendumu, was killed by police in May 2024. This set back the findings and reopened wounds endured by the Yuendumu community. Once again, the community has had to remobilise to campaign for justice. It has added to the sentiment of the community, which was expressed by Kumanjayi White's grandfather Ned Jampijinpa Hargraves: "we do not trust police".
ABC News
05-07-2025
- ABC News
Almost six years after the police shooting of Kumanjayi Walker tore the Northern Territory apart, the coroner will hand down her findings
WARNING: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are advised that this article contains the name and image of an Indigenous person who has died, used with the permission of their family. This story contains racist and offensive language and images, as well as references to sexual assault. On the dusty Tanami Road to Yuendumu, the community's message is scrawled on the back of road signs. The graffitied words "no guns in Yuendumu" and "Justice For Walker" are slightly faded now. After all, it's been almost six years since Kumanjayi Walker died in the Indigenous community at the end of the road. "We were all terrified, we were scared, we didn't know what to do," says senior Warlpiri elder, Ned Jampijinpa Hargraves. The tragedy of November 9, 2019 is as raw today as it was then. But there's hope that tomorrow, the coroner's long awaited inquest findings will answer questions that have been asked since that night. Coronial inquests are not bound by the same strict rules of evidence which apply to criminal cases; meaning for almost three years, NT Coroner Elisabeth Armitage was able to explore issues well beyond the night Mr Walker was killed. Ultimately, she sought to understand how and why the 19-year-old man and constable ended up in a dark room in House 511 in Yuendumu in the first place. She described some of what she uncovered as "deeply disturbing", after unveiling allegations of widespread racism within even the highest ranks of the police force, and reviewing body worn footage of violent arrests. At the beginning of the inquest, the man who fired the fatal shots, former constable Zachary Rolfe says he was painted as a "racist, violent cop". By the time he gave evidence more than a year later, the coroner had heard enough to suggest Zachary Rolfe himself was not the problem. "There was an assumption that [Mr Rolfe] was a rotten apple, that he was an exception to the otherwise very harmonious and well-intentioned NT Police force that was not racist," law professor Thalia Anthony says. Text messages downloaded from Mr Rolfe's phone showed even senior police regularly used derogatory terms including "coons" and "neanderthals". Such language was "normalised" at the station, Mr Rolfe told the coroner. He revealed a series of racist mock awards were handed out at Christmas parties by the force's most elite tactical unit and, while his motivations for doing so were questioned, Mr Rolfe himself uncovered some of the most explosive evidence the inquiry heard. "Racism killed Kumanjayi," Mr Walker's cousin, Samara Fernandez-Brown said. The coroner heard conflicting evidence about the instructions given to Mr Rolfe and his colleagues on the night of the shooting. The local sergeant said she had a plan to effect a safe arrest of Mr Walker — who was wanted for allegedly breaching a court order and threatening police with an axe — on Saturday, November 10 at 5am. Ideally, the officers would be joined by a local Aboriginal cop who knew him and would able to put cuffs on the 19-year-old before he'd properly woken up. But Zachary Rolfe and his specialist Immediate Response Team (IRT) colleagues said they had driven in on the afternoon of November 9 — long-arm weapons and police dog in tow — under the impression they were to arrest Mr Walker and take him back to Alice Springs. They left the police station at dusk and found their target at House 511. As the sun set, Mr Walker was suddenly face-to-face with two police officers in his mother's living room. He stabbed Constable Rolfe in the shoulder with a pair of scissors. The officer responded by firing his Glock three times. Yuendumu's nurses had evacuated for the weekend hours earlier, after a string of break-ins at their homes. So Kumanjayi was taken to the police station, where officers did what they could to treat three close-range gunshot wounds. As the 19-year-old lay dying on the floor of a police cell, his family sat outside in the dark — literally and figuratively. They learned the next day that the plane they saw come in that night was not in fact taking their loved one to hospital. Because he had died just hours after the shooting. Coronial findings are not legally binding, meaning the coroner's recommendations could simply be left to gather dust at Parliament House. But the chief minister says her government will be "upfront" with the community about which ones it accepts, and which it will not. She cannot convict any person of a criminal offence and Zachary Rolfe has already been acquitted of all charges related to the shooting, so he cannot be charged again. But the coroner can refer unnamed individuals to prosecutors, and make widespread recommendations for systemic change within government departments; in this case likely targeted at health, education, corrections, police and housing. The inquest itself has already led to changes across various government departments — particularly the Northern Territory Police Force. Zachary Rolfe is no longer a serving officer, dismissed after penning an open letter criticising the coroner, police commissioner and inquest process. The force itself has lost two commissioners since the inquest began. A new executive role, designed to identify and combat racism within the ranks has been created and a string of changes to training have been rolled out. "Police have been working towards probably a lot of what [the coroner's] recommendations will set out and recommend," Acting NT Police Commissioner Martin Dole said. "But we'll consider those when they're handed down." Regardless of what Coroner Elisabeth Armitage ultimately finds, her report will be another in the long list of recommendations made to avoid deaths such as Kumanjayi's since the 1991 Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. Recommendations made before Kumanjayi Walker was even born. "The inquest into his death has been gruelling, shocking and devastating," Ms Fernandez-Brown said. What was initially scheduled to be a three-month inquiry has taken almost three years to complete. With the coroner's broad scope of inquiry, came a string of legal appeals — led predominantly by Mr Rolfe — arguing many of the issues she explored were irrelevant. He also urged the coroner to stand aside from the investigation, claiming she was biased, leading to further delays in the hearings. "I think it's gone on for too long and I think things should have been pulled in," Professor Anthony says. "I think the coroner should have been more assertive in terms of how she dealt with a lot of the evidence and the witnesses." Elisabeth Armitage has long been clear that her inquest was never just about Zachary Rolfe and Kumanjayi Walker, but the systems which put them on the same fatal collision course in the first place. As she examined Mr Rolfe's previous career as a soldier and breaches of rules and regulations, she heard evidence about Mr Walker's long list of interactions with the justice system. She took in details about police recruitment processes and mental health support, while hearing it was likely Mr Walker was born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Her report was due to be handed down last month, but just days beforehand, another young Warlpiri man, Kumanjayi White, lost his life in police custody. The Yuendumu community was thrown right back to the start of another healing process, as this one was finally within arm's reach. Elisabeth Armitage has had a tough job in front of her from the beginning. There is not a corner of the Northern Territory untouched by the ripple effect of Kumanjayi Walker's death. Delivering a report which brings closure to all involved, is an impossible task. The shooting tore apart sections of the NT Police Force — many officers are vehemently defensive of their colleague, who was charged with the most serious offence in the criminal code just four days after firing his Glock on the job. It's the stuff of nightmares, for men and women in uniform. They feel Zachary Rolfe has been unfairly targeted and that his charging was politically motivated, to appease Indigenous communities. His text messages, personal health records and details of past romantic relationships are now in the public realm. Irrelevant information, they argue, when it comes to the coroner determining the cause and circumstances of a death in custody. On the other side of the divide are a grieving family and their supporters, upset and confused by the loss not only of a young Warlpiri-Luritja man, but also of any trust they had in the justice system. Zachary Rolfe's unequivocal acquittal at the Supreme Court, by a jury lacking any Yapa faces, dealt his family another blow. Accountability and justice, in their view, was not found in the criminal Kardiya courts. They hold onto hope that their years of travelling hundreds of kilometres from the bush to the coroner's court to share their truths will lead to better outcomes for the current generation of Warlpiri youngsters growing up in the desert community. After losing two grandsons in police custody, Mr Jampijinpa Hargraves wants to see unity on his country. "We should be … together," he said. But 19-year-old Kumanjayi Walker can't be brought home again. Regardless of the coroner's findings, there will be no winners in the pages of her report.
