Latest news with #WitsSchoolofGovernance
The Star
02-07-2025
- Business
- The Star
What's holding back South Africa's economy? Key insights from experts
Failing infrastructure, systemic corruption, collapsed rule of law, state incapacity in public service and state-owned entities, erosion of local government, and high crime rates are among the key factors causing a decline in South Africa's economic growth, according to experts. This is despite the positive growth from the agricultural sector, where the Gross Value Added (GVA) expanded by 15.8% in the first quarter of 2025. Agriculture became the main driver of South Africa's overall GDP growth in Q1 2025, contributing 0.4 percentage points to the national GDP expansion of 0.1%. However, experts say that agriculture, although it has driven the country's economic growth, is volatile and dependent on factors such as weather, electricity supply, and transportation, among others. Professor William Gumede, from the Wits School of Governance, said the country's political culture has made corruption, incompetence, and misbehaviour acceptable if it is done by those who share a similar colour, party, and ideology, which has contributed to the economic decline. 'Property rights are vulnerable. The rule of law in many parts has collapsed, the lower courts are inefficient, and policing is ineffective. Corruption is systemic. State capacity in many parts of the public services, among state-owned entities, and local government has been eroded. Crime is out of control. The state cannot efficiently enforce laws, rules, or policies. Infrastructure has collapsed in many areas. Many sectors of the economy, such as public transport, mining, and construction, have become informalised. The country has been deindustrialising,' Gumede said. He added that state infrastructure development plans and forums, including the Reconstruction and Recovery Plan and initiatives such as Operation Vulindlela, have become virtual talk shops, and structures set up to play an oversight and coordination role, and provide governance over infrastructure, have not been able to do so. 'The breakdown of infrastructure drives up inflation, just as state, SOE, and policy failures do, as they drive up prices, the cost of living, cost of business, and erode savings and deter future investment. The Reserve Bank has warned that the breakdown in infrastructure threatens the stability of the financial system. 'Loadshedding, for example, has caused not only the loss of lives, but also of businesses, capital, skills, employment, and investment. It has contributed to South Africa's low-growth path, possibly taking away up to 3% of possible growth. South Africa needs around R150 billion per year just to replace the destroyed infrastructure, let alone build new infrastructure,' Gumede said. He added that water provision has also plunged, with many of the water infrastructure SOEs, municipal entities, and boards having fallen into disarray. The provision of water in many of South Africa's cities and towns has deteriorated to such an extent that many citizens are without water for long periods during water outages. 'Transnet, the state-owned logistics giant responsible for South Africa's ports, rail, and pipelines, is, like Eskom, a major contributor to the country's low-growth path. Transnet has a debt burden of R136 billion. Its inefficiencies are causing bottlenecks at ports and limiting rail freight, undermining trade. It costs the economy over R1 billion per day," Gumede said. Transnet estimates it needs to invest R200 billion to restore the railways to capacity, however, Gumede said i t will be a waste of money to invest in Transnet without bringing in merit-based management, cleaning up procurement by exempting the organisation from preferential procurement rules, and discarding ideological objections to having the organisation fully partner with the private sector in delivering infrastructure services. According to the Department of Public Enterprises, between 2012 and 2023, the debt levels of the largest 10 SOEs rose by R313.6 billion. The government had to bail out these SOEs with R318.1 billion during that period. In its latest Financial Stability Review, the Reserve Bank said while electricity availability appears to be gradually returning to historical trends, other critical infrastructure, such as the supply and quality of water and transport infrastructure, especially rail, port, and road networks, continues to degrade. Gumede said an external economic shock, such as a prolonged fallout with the US Donald Trump administration, will have a disproportionately debilitating impact on the South African economy. Political actors and groups who reckon South Africa can quickly pivot from the US market to alternatives, such as BRICS, have a case of wishful thinking, as a loss of the US market cannot be immediately replaced. A transition to new markets cannot be achieved overnight. Worse, SA's state trade negotiation capacity is currently possibly at its weakest, most over-ideological, least agile, and opportunity-minded, since the end of apartheid. State capacity has been eroded in state trade structures, as in other parts of the state, through cadre deployment, exclusion of minorities, and informalisation, he said. China may be South Africa's largest trading partner by volume, but it mostly takes South Africa's raw material, not manufactured products – it has trade barriers, but sends manufactured products to South Africa, which displaces local jobs. US companies manufacture in South Africa, meaning they have larger multiplier impacts, Gumede said. The International Monetary Fund ranks South Africa as the most difficult place to do business globally among 49 countries in the IMF's ease of doing business index. It argues that halving SA's restrictive business regulations relative to its emerging market peers could increase medium-run output by 9% and boost employment, Gumede said. He added that policymakers underestimate the impact of state failure, corruption, incompetence, and anti-growth policies on the economy, which reduces revenue and undermines business confidence. In the 1990s, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange had around 850 listed companies. By 2024, this had dropped to under 300, including some companies that have dual listings. He highlighted the lack of inclusive compromises on key policies, the NHI, the Expropriation Law, apparent refusal to renegotiate aspects of the Basic Education Laws Amendment (BELA) Bill to make it more inclusive, and perceived anti-American foreign policies have caused investment, capital, and skills flight as some of the factors. 'Many ANC politicians do not genuinely think growth should be at the centre of economic policy, arguing wrongly that to do so will be promoting 'neo-liberalism'. Policies that undermine growth will have to be jettisoned,' Gumede said. He said state debt levels need to be brought down, and key catalytic growth sectors will have to be prioritised. 'Manufacturing remains important; its declining trend needs to be reversed. Agriculture is critical. It is important that land reform is not populist, emotional, ideological and revenge-driven, but rather, that it focuses on securing food; fostering an agricultural, manufacturing, processing, and technology industrial hub; and fostering related artisan, technical, and research skills. This would mean partnering with the private sector to bring back artisan programmes, agricultural technical institutions – especially in the rural areas – and fostering agriculture technology,' he said. Dawie Roodt, a chief economist at the Efficient Group, said the biggest challenge in South Africa is a government that is destructive, inefficient, and is quite often corrupt. 'The government policies are broadly wrong. The Expropriation Bill, for example, is one of those policy choices that is wrong for economic growth because you must protect private property rights. There's also the inefficiency of the state. 'All good things go together in the economy. If per capita GDP goes up, then life expectancy, quality of life, and education follow suit,' Roodt said. He added that it is wrong to point out the three triple challenges of poverty, inequality, and unemployment. The emphasis must be on economic growth and unemployment or employment with jobs to look after themselves. 'Poverty in itself is not the problem. The problem is that we do not have enough rich people. The emphasis must be on creating more wealth. Now we've got all this emphasis and so-called job creation and trying to end poverty, while the emphasis must be on economic growth. Professor Sipho Seepe, a political analyst from the University of Zululand, said the government's role is to set a policy environment that enables investor confidence, whether domestic or foreign. 'Unfortunately, the ANC has been a party that is unable to take one position, and it hides under the notion of being a broad church. That means that it is a party faced with many persuasions. And when you want to invest, the fact that there are so many tendencies pulling you from different directions does not give you a sense of guarantee, and that has been the problem of investors. 'The second challenge that the investors have is the capacity of the state. When you have a state that is unable to do the bare minimum services, then you can't invest in that country. You take a case of crime. If you have a crime-ridden country, and you have a state that appears to be incapacitated and unable to stem the tide of crime. Investors worry about that,' Seepe said. He added that most of the legislation people think is a problem is misunderstood. [email protected]
IOL News
01-07-2025
- Business
- IOL News
Empowering South African youth to reclaim consumer democracy
South Africans are urged to organise themselves into civic groups and take up space in consumer democracy. Image: Supplied The vacuum left by citizens, especially the youth, in consumer democracy is allowing big corporations and the government to excessively increase prices even if the quality of these products and services is poor, experts say. They said that consumers can help keep big companies and the government in check, using their buying power to ensure they get value for their money. Professor William Gumede, an expert from the Wits School of Governance, said youth are currently focused on the wrong things; instead, they must mobilise for their interests and hold private companies and the state accountable. 'The youth need to realise their power and utilise it to advance their interests. They must stop blindly following certain political parties that do not prioritise them. Instead, they should form civil society or community groups to deal with issues directly affecting them. Young people, especially university students, can mobilise for cheaper or free data. South Africa has the most expensive data in the world, and telecommunications companies are making huge profits and are not being kept in check. 'They can mobilise for the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) to be turned into employment opportunities for the youth. With companies paying/offering 30% to do business in South Africa, which could range between R2 billion and R5 billion, it could easily be converted into 100,000 employment opportunities for the youth and advanced skills training. Of course, they must demand transparency on the selection or recruitment process,' Gumede said. Video Player is loading. Play Video Play Unmute Current Time 0:00 / Duration -:- Loaded : 0% Stream Type LIVE Seek to live, currently behind live LIVE Remaining Time - 0:00 This is a modal window. Beginning of dialog window. Escape will cancel and close the window. Text Color White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Background Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Window Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Transparent Semi-Transparent Opaque Font Size 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400% Text Edge Style None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow Font Family Proportional Sans-Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Serif Casual Script Small Caps Reset restore all settings to the default values Done Close Modal Dialog End of dialog window. Advertisement Next Stay Close ✕ Ad Loading He added that the youth can challenge the government and demand transparency on the recruitment processes of the South African Police Service, the metro police, soldiers, and other sectors. They can even determine who should be the next police chief or which minister is more suitable for a certain portfolio to advance their interests. The same way the public pressure forced the Higher Education Minister, Dr Nobuhle Nkabane, to reverse her decision on the appointment of chairpersons of Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs), should be the norm to force the government and the private sector to do right. In this way, the youths can ensure that they are prioritised, whether in employment opportunities, recruitment, or value for their money, Gumede said. 'If they were to choose one political party and vote for it, that party would be in government through the youth's vote. The reality is, the political parties in this country are pushing their agendas and not prioritising the interests of the youth,' he added. In his recent paper, published by Inclusive Society under the title Going for growth structural reforms needed for South Africa's economic recovery, Gumede argues that runaway administrative prices, which is the prices of products, services, and utility rates set by state-owned entities, government utilities, and municipalities contribute significantly to inflation, and are either set directly by state entities, or are strongly influenced by them, rather than by market forces. He added that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) such as Eskom and government institutions, including municipalities, are allowed to charge exorbitant prices despite the dwindling quality of the services offered, and businesses then push down costs to consumers. 'Furthermore, the regulatory processes involved in setting prices for government services and products are woefully ineffective. Regulation is meant to correct government market failures, as in the case of ineffective price setting by state entities, which have no competition, by ensuring that they set prices more realistically. 'The quality of government entities' services, products, and aftercare services often does not reflect the prices they charge. Municipalities often set rates, water, and refuse prices at levels unrelated to those that equivalent private sector establishments would charge, but without any concomitant standards in service delivery,' Gumede said. He added that South Africans pay double: taxes for the state and state infrastructure services that are not being delivered, and taxes for private public services because the state has failed to deliver effective policing, education, energy, and healthcare. Phetho Ntaba, spokesperson for the National Consumer Commission (NCC), said the Consumer Protection Act empowers consumers to form consumer protection advocacy groups, recognising the strength of unity in advancing consumer rights. 'These groups serve as platforms for collective engagement, enabling consumers to voice concerns, influence policy, and demand accountability more effectively than isolated individual effort. A coordinated and organised consumer movement can drive meaningful change, challenge unfair market practices, and promote a fair, transparent, and responsive consumer environment,' Ntaba said. She encouraged consumers to use the NCC's complaint handling system or contact the NCC via its contact centre to file complaints and concerns, including tip-offs. 'Wherein there are matters of public interest, any association or organisation can apply to the National Consumer Tribunal for permission to file a complaint in the public interest. We also analyse complaints received to propose policies to the Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition on any matter affecting the supply of goods and services. This may include proposals for legislative, regulatory, or policy initiatives that would improve the realisation and full enjoyment of their consumer rights by persons contemplated in subsection,' Ntaba said. Where can you find guidelines on setting up a civic society or community group in the consumer space? Shaunei Gerber, from Futurelect, a non-profit organisation dedicated to civic education and leadership development, said young people can and should engage in their democracy by thinking about the impact of the products and services they use. 'This means making the right choices, supporting responsible businesses, and participating in public discussions about the role of businesses in their community. Their strength comes not just from buying, but also from questioning, comparing, and choosing based on what is important to them. They have real power in their voices and can influence change. Our Civic Education Programme (offered for free online and in the Futurelect app) helps young people learn how to use their voice and power to hold their leaders accountable,' Gerber said. She added that young people need to learn how to ask good questions, think for themselves, and understand how money flows in society, both in the market and in government. 'It's also important that they see how everyday choices, like where they shop or what they support, connect to bigger issues like fairness, the environment, and public services. Through our Civic Education Programme, we help young people make sense of these links so they can take part in society thoughtfully and responsibly,' she added. Gerber said many young people feel that they can't make a difference. But that's simply not true. One doesn't need deep pockets to make an impact; they just need to be informed, confident, and willing to act together with others. She highlighted that understanding the issues and speaking up is powerful because young people shape opinions, set trends, and influence what brands and leaders pay attention to. 'Our programmes create safe spaces for them to practise these skills and grow their confidence. Whether they go into public service or community work, they learn how to take action on the issues they care about, including being responsible and informed,' she said. The civic education content is delivered through three-to five-minute short videos that break down complex processes and systems.
IOL News
19-06-2025
- Business
- IOL News
What's holding back South Africa's economy? Key insights from experts
Infrastructure failure and bottlenecks at ports, are among factors costing the economy billions of Rands. Image: eThekwini Municipality Failing infrastructure, systemic corruption, collapsed rule of law, state incapacity in public service and state-owned entities, erosion of local government, and high crime rates are among the key factors causing a decline in South Africa's economic growth, according to experts. This is despite the positive growth from the agricultural sector, where the Gross Value Added (GVA) expanded by 15.8% in the first quarter of 2025. Agriculture became the main driver of South Africa's overall GDP growth in Q1 2025, contributing 0.4 percentage points to the national GDP expansion of 0.1%. However, experts say that agriculture, although it has driven the country's economic growth, is volatile and dependent on factors such as weather, electricity supply, and transportation, among others. Professor William Gumede, from the Wits School of Governance, said the country's political culture has made corruption, incompetence, and misbehaviour acceptable if it is done by those who share a similar colour, party, and ideology, which has contributed to the economic decline. 'Property rights are vulnerable. The rule of law in many parts has collapsed, the lower courts are inefficient, and policing is ineffective. Corruption is systemic. State capacity in many parts of the public services, among state-owned entities, and local government has been eroded. Crime is out of control. The state cannot efficiently enforce laws, rules, or policies. Infrastructure has collapsed in many areas. Many sectors of the economy, such as public transport, mining, and construction, have become informalised. The country has been deindustrialising,' Gumede said. He added that state infrastructure development plans and forums, including the Reconstruction and Recovery Plan and initiatives such as Operation Vulindlela, have become virtual talk shops, and structures set up to play an oversight and coordination role, and provide governance over infrastructure, have not been able to do so. 'The breakdown of infrastructure drives up inflation, just as state, SOE, and policy failures do, as they drive up prices, the cost of living, cost of business, and erode savings and deter future investment. The Reserve Bank has warned that the breakdown in infrastructure threatens the stability of the financial system. 'Loadshedding, for example, has caused not only the loss of lives, but also of businesses, capital, skills, employment, and investment. It has contributed to South Africa's low-growth path, possibly taking away up to 3% of possible growth. South Africa needs around R150 billion per year just to replace the destroyed infrastructure, let alone build new infrastructure,' Gumede said. Video Player is loading. Play Video Play Unmute Current Time 0:00 / Duration -:- Loaded : 0% Stream Type LIVE Seek to live, currently behind live LIVE Remaining Time - 0:00 This is a modal window. Beginning of dialog window. Escape will cancel and close the window. Text Color White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Background Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Window Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Transparent Semi-Transparent Opaque Font Size 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400% Text Edge Style None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow Font Family Proportional Sans-Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Serif Casual Script Small Caps Reset restore all settings to the default values Done Close Modal Dialog End of dialog window. Advertisement Next Stay Close ✕ Ad loading He added that water provision has also plunged, with many of the water infrastructure SOEs, municipal entities, and boards having fallen into disarray. The provision of water in many of South Africa's cities and towns has deteriorated to such an extent that many citizens are without water for long periods during water outages. 'Transnet, the state-owned logistics giant responsible for South Africa's ports, rail, and pipelines, is, like Eskom, a major contributor to the country's low-growth path. Transnet has a debt burden of R136 billion. Its inefficiencies are causing bottlenecks at ports and limiting rail freight, undermining trade. It costs the economy over R1 billion per day," Gumede said. Transnet estimates it needs to invest R200 billion to restore the railways to capacity, however, Gumede said it will be a waste of money to invest in Transnet without bringing in merit-based management, cleaning up procurement by exempting the organisation from preferential procurement rules, and discarding ideological objections to having the organisation fully partner with the private sector in delivering infrastructure services. According to the Department of Public Enterprises, between 2012 and 2023, the debt levels of the largest 10 SOEs rose by R313.6 billion. The government had to bail out these SOEs with R318.1 billion during that period. In its latest Financial Stability Review, the Reserve Bank said while electricity availability appears to be gradually returning to historical trends, other critical infrastructure, such as the supply and quality of water and transport infrastructure, especially rail, port, and road networks, continues to degrade. Gumede said an external economic shock, such as a prolonged fallout with the US Donald Trump administration, will have a disproportionately debilitating impact on the South African economy. Political actors and groups who reckon South Africa can quickly pivot from the US market to alternatives, such as BRICS, have a case of wishful thinking, as a loss of the US market cannot be immediately replaced. A transition to new markets cannot be achieved overnight. Worse, SA's state trade negotiation capacity is currently possibly at its weakest, most over-ideological, least agile, and opportunity-minded, since the end of apartheid. State capacity has been eroded in state trade structures, as in other parts of the state, through cadre deployment, exclusion of minorities, and informalisation, he said. China may be South Africa's largest trading partner by volume, but it mostly takes South Africa's raw material, not manufactured products – it has trade barriers, but sends manufactured products to South Africa, which displaces local jobs. US companies manufacture in South Africa, meaning they have larger multiplier impacts, Gumede said. The International Monetary Fund ranks South Africa as the most difficult place to do business globally among 49 countries in the IMF's ease of doing business index. It argues that halving SA's restrictive business regulations relative to its emerging market peers could increase medium-run output by 9% and boost employment, Gumede said. He added that policymakers underestimate the impact of state failure, corruption, incompetence, and anti-growth policies on the economy, which reduces revenue and undermines business confidence. In the 1990s, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange had around 850 listed companies. By 2024, this had dropped to under 300, including some companies that have dual listings. He highlighted the lack of inclusive compromises on key policies, the NHI, the Expropriation Law, apparent refusal to renegotiate aspects of the Basic Education Laws Amendment (BELA) Bill to make it more inclusive, and perceived anti-American foreign policies have caused investment, capital, and skills flight as some of the factors. 'Many ANC politicians do not genuinely think growth should be at the centre of economic policy, arguing wrongly that to do so will be promoting 'neo-liberalism'. Policies that undermine growth will have to be jettisoned,' Gumede said. He said state debt levels need to be brought down, and key catalytic growth sectors will have to be prioritised. 'Manufacturing remains important; its declining trend needs to be reversed. Agriculture is critical. It is important that land reform is not populist, emotional, ideological and revenge-driven, but rather, that it focuses on securing food; fostering an agricultural, manufacturing, processing, and technology industrial hub; and fostering related artisan, technical, and research skills. This would mean partnering with the private sector to bring back artisan programmes, agricultural technical institutions – especially in the rural areas – and fostering agriculture technology,' he said. Dawie Roodt, a chief economist at the Efficient Group, said the biggest challenge in South Africa is a government that is destructive, inefficient, and is quite often corrupt. 'The government policies are broadly wrong. The Expropriation Bill, for example, is one of those policy choices that is wrong for economic growth because you must protect private property rights. There's also the inefficiency of the state. 'All good things go together in the economy. If per capita GDP goes up, then life expectancy, quality of life, and education follow suit,' Roodt said.
eNCA
16-06-2025
- Business
- eNCA
Clicking into the future, the rise of e-Government
JOHANNESBURG - The digital revolution is changing how governments around the world work. From paperwork to power clicks, South Africa is also fast-tracking its digital future. The country now ranks 40th on the United Nations global e-Government Development Index, climbing from 65th just two years ago. Over 130 government services have already been digitised. Professor Busani Ngcaweni from the Wits School of Governance says one major driver was the Covid-19 pandemic. He says when the pandemic forced the country into lockdown, government had to rely on technology to continue delivering services. That necessity drove rapid digital transformation. But while progress is being made, the road ahead won't be without potholes. Ngcaweni and other experts have stressed that digital transformation must strengthen public institutions, not weaken them.
eNCA
22-05-2025
- Politics
- eNCA
South Africans angered by Trump's 'genocide' claims
South Africans voiced anger Thursday at US President Donald Trump's persistent false claim of a genocide against white farmers that were repeated in talks with President Cyril Ramaphosa. The talks between the two presidents Wednesday were aimed at repairing relations that have nosedived since Trump took office in January, later threatening high trade tariffs and expelling the South African ambassador. "I am not happy," university student Nicole Mbhele told AFP. "He made it seem like we want to kill white people or white farmers for our land, or (for) wanting it back," she said. A video aired during the meeting showed the leader of a fringe, radical opposition party chanting a song from the anti-apartheid struggle about "killing" white farmers. Trump also repeated baseless allegations that South Africa was expropriating land from the minority white Afrikaners, descendants of Dutch settlers who own more than three-quarters of commercial farmland. "Donald Trump does not have facts about what is happening in South Africa," said 25-year-old saleswoman Naledi Morwalle. He was making "false accusations about our country", she said. "We are all facing all types and levels of crimes. Both blacks and whites," she said. South Africans followed the meeting live on television and many were proud of the performance of the South African delegation, reinforced by four cabinet ministers and two top golfers. While some said Ramaphosa could have been more adamant in rejecting Trump's baseless claims of a "white genocide", others noted his calm pushback that black South Africans suffer most from the high crime rate. "I think our country did well and actually put the facts out there," said activist Ulrich Steenkamp. "Whether the world responds is up to them," he added. The video played during the meeting, which also showed rows of white crosses in what Trump falsely said were graves of murdered white farmers, clearly rattled Ramaphosa, said analyst Thelela Ngcetane-Vika, of the Wits School of Governance. "In the first half of the session President Ramaphosa was very well prepared, poised as a statesman, diplomatic... but when that video played, you could literally see his body language change, he became uneasy," she told AFP. Ramaphosa should have provided data to disprove Trump's disinformation, she said. An Afrikaans father, Authur Williams, told AFP the success of the talks would only be seen in any trade deals reached between the two major trading partners. "I sincerely hope that economically we will come to an agreement where it's mutually beneficial and there are economic benefits for both parties," he said. By Abdul Salim Nkosi
