Ozempic maker's plight shows why managing markets matter for pharma giants

Business Standard

a day ago

Ozempic-maker Novo Nordisk A/S saw its shares take a record plunge last week, sending their peak-to-trough collapse to 70 per cent and returning them to levels last seen in 2022. The Danish drug giant's purpose may be to improve people's lives, but investors' shrinking gains from its opening of the anti-obesity market matter too. Novo's blind spot has been failing to see its share price as an asset to manage — and exploit.
For years, Novo had a relatively quiet life as one member of an insulin oligopoly alongside US peer Eli Lilly & Co. and France's Sanofi SA. While it wasn't a completely smooth ride — 2016 was dire — Novo has never seen operational and strategic challenges on the scale it's now facing. In developing Ozempic for diabetes and its sibling Wegovy for weight loss, the company suddenly found itself riding a tiger.
On a five-year view, Novo is still the world's third-best performing major pharma stock, after Eli Lilly and Abbvie Inc. Perhaps if it had made a steadier journey to this point, instead of more than trebling in just over two years before its subsequent slide, there'd have been no drama. Try telling that to Lars Fruergaard Jorgensen. He has been replaced as chief executive officer.
First, Novo should not have let market expectations run away. A key issue here was confidence it expressed that a successor to Wegovy, CagriSema, would achieve 25 per cent weight reduction. This long-held view within the company was expressed even a few weeks before trial data came in at 22.7 per cent in December. That was still an impressive achievement, but the stock market was badly disappointed. The shares tumbled amid concern the shortfall would further weaken Novo's competitive position.
Company leadership is often overly preoccupied with how to get a share price up. But boards should worry about the stock price in both directions. As the cliché goes: under-promise and over-deliver.
Some may say a company can't and shouldn't try to control its share price. But that doesn't let Novo off the hook. Should it not have taken advantage of the strength of its shares by using them as a currency to make an acquisition? That was an opportunity even before the price went into overdrive. Novo could have diversified, say, by buying a biotech specialising in related areas such heart disease. Instead, Novo's fortunes have yoked largely to Wegovy.
It's hard to separate this from the governance of the firm. Novo has a controlling shareholder in the form of the Novo Nordisk Foundation. This has a majority of the votes but a minority economic interest. Such foundation ownership is common in Scandinavia. The stated objectives for the Novo investment include 'contributing positively to the lives of people' and 'generating competitive long-term financial results.'
That doesn't mean Novo the foundation or Novo the drugmaker ignores ordinary shareholders. The foundation says it has an 'arm's length relationship' with Novo Nordisk, which in turn is governed by an independent board of directors. It also says it's 'particularly mindful of observing and respecting the rights of other shareholders.'
Nor has the foundation been passive. It sought the CEO change. And last year it struck a major deal to expand manufacturing capacity.
But the general idea that a long-term anchor shareholder is a good thing needs some qualification. Novo's ownership structure and sheer size protect it from a takeover or shareholder activism: These are the twin threats that otherwise focus boards' attention on their stock price. For a controlling shareholder with an indefinite investment horizon, the short-term share price — whether a bubble is inflating or deflating — is unlikely to be of much concern.
In turn, such governance is more likely a brake than a spur to doing anything strategically opportunistic, especially if it involves issuing stock that might change the power dynamics. Small wonder that Novo has historically avoided transformational dealmaking in favour of commercial partnerships and small bolt-ons.