Beyond the tan: Why UV Safety Month matters for Indians all year long

The Hindu

4 days ago

As July comes to a close, UV Safety Awareness Month leaves behind an important public health message: protecting your skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is essential for everyone, regardless of skin tone or season. In India, where intense sun exposure persists year-round, this message is particularly relevant.
A common misconception is that people with darker skin tones do not need sun protection. However, dermatologists say this belief is misleading and potentially harmful. In fact, individuals with darker skin are at increased risk for pigmentary disorders such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be exacerbated by UV exposure.
'While melanin does provide some natural protection, around SPF 13 at best, it is not enough to prevent long-term UV damage,' explains D. Dinesh Kumar, president, Tamil Nadu Branch of the Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (TN-IADVL) and chief dermatologist at Dr. Dinesh's Skin & Hair Clinic. 'In a tropical climate such as ours, UV radiation is consistently high, leading to cumulative skin damage over time.'
Somesh Gupta, senior professor of dermatology at AIIMS, New Delhi, emphasises that UV damage in darker skin is often invisible at first but no less harmful. 'UV exposure in skin of colour rarely causes sunburn, but it results in cellular damage that leads to pigmentation changes, dullness, premature ageing, and, in some cases, skin cancers,' he notes. 'In our clinical settings, we often encounter patients who delay seeking help for UV-induced skin conditions because they believe their skin is naturally protected. This false sense of security must be addressed through public education.'
Understanding the risk of skin cancer
While skin cancer is statistically less common in individuals with darker skin, it can still occur and is often diagnosed at more advanced stages. Cancers in skin of colour may appear in less obvious areas, such as the soles of the feet, under the nails, or on mucosal surfaces.
'Skin cancer in people with darker skin is under-recognised and under-diagnosed,' says Prof. Gupta. 'Low awareness and infrequent skin screenings contribute to late detection and poorer outcomes.'
AIIMS, under Prof. Gupta's leadership, has established a specialised center for treating skin cancer using state-of-the-art Mohs micrographic surgery, an advanced technique that ensures precision and higher cure rates by removing cancerous tissue layer by layer. As a pioneer in the field, he emphasises the need for greater public awareness, early detection, and specialized care.
Clarifying common misconceptions
Some concerns have been raised regarding the safety of certain chemical sunscreen ingredients, such as oxybenzone and octinoxate. However, there is currently no conclusive evidence to suggest that these compounds cause harm in humans.
'There have been speculations about chemical filters being absorbed into the bloodstream,' says Dr. Dinesh. 'But both the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission have reviewed the evidence and concluded that these ingredients are safe for human use.'
For those with sensitive skin, physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are a safe and effective alternative. These are especially suitable for children and individuals prone to allergic reactions.
Another persistent myth is that sunscreen use contributes significantly to vitamin D deficiency. 'It is true that sunscreens can reduce vitamin D synthesis to a small extent, but in reality, people do not apply enough or reapply frequently enough for it to have a significant impact,' Dr. Dinesh explains. 'In India, vitamin D deficiency is more often the result of indoor lifestyles, air pollution, and dietary habits.'
Brief exposure to sunlight, about 10 to 15 minutes a few times a week on the forearms or legs is usually sufficient for adequate vitamin D production. Supplements and a balanced diet can further support vitamin D levels.
How to choose and use sunscreen
Dr. Dinesh recommends selecting a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays. 'An SPF of at least 30 is ideal. In humid or oily skin conditions, gel-based or matte-finish formulations that are non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) are most suitable,' he advises. Sunscreen should be applied 20 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two to three hours when outdoors. Commonly missed areas include the ears, neck, and backs of the hands.
Sun protection is not limited to sunscreen alone. Both Dr. Dinesh and Professor Gupta emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach. Wearing clothing made from ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) fabrics, using wide-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses, seeking shade or carrying umbrellas during peak sun hours from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and monitoring the UV index using weather apps, are all effective strategies. Additionally, incorporating antioxidant-rich foods like tomatoes, berries, and green tea into the diet may offer supplementary protection and support overall skin health.
Carrying the message forward
Though UV Safety Month is observed in July, its message is intended for every day of the year. In a country like India, where sun exposure is constant, integrating UV protection into daily routines is crucial.
'Sunscreen should not be seen as a cosmetic product or a Western import,' says Dr. Dinesh. 'It is a vital health tool like to wearing a helmet or seatbelt.'
Professor Gupta adds, 'This is not about promoting fairness. It is about protecting skin integrity, maintaining an even tone, and preventing long-term damage. More public health initiatives must incorporate sun safety education, especially for outdoor workers and young adults. Awareness and access must go hand in hand.'
The skin is the body's largest organ. It protects against infections, regulates temperature, and communicates internal health. Neglecting its care undermines overall well-being.
(Dr. Monisha Madhumita is a consultant dermatologist at Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. [e-mail] )