Gastroenterologist explains disorder of gut-brain interaction; shares 5 ways stress impacts gut health
Before an exam, job interview, major client presentation, or any big day, it feels like there's a full-blown mental storm brewing, with racing thoughts making you spiral. Amid all this, the stomach feels to be at the frontline, bracing for the day and even before the mind catches up entirely. It's not just nerves causing the frequent washroom trips or the tightening knot in the gut. There is a very real, biological and direct effect the brain has on the gut. This connection is called the gut-brain axis. Stress silently shapes your gut health.(Shutterstock)
Dr Bhavesh Patel, consultant gastroenterologist at Bhailal Amin General, Vadodara, Gujarat, shared with HT Lifestyle how closely the gut and brain are connected. Emotional states aren't completely 'mental' as they frequently manifest physically, especially through digestive symptoms.
There's a special name for gut issues which are triggered by stress. Dr Bhavesh shared its disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Explaining more about the biological mechanisms of how stress affects the gut, he said, 'Emotional stress and anxiety lead to the release of different hormones and neurotransmitters such as histamine, serotonin, and cortisol that influence gut motility, gut permeability, visceral hypersensitivity, and balance of gut microbiota. Indeed, excess stress and anxiety can produce a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Such a constellation of disorders was once known as functional gastrointestinal disorder and is now rightly termed disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). There is a strong relationship between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system of the gut.'
Moreover, stress doesn't influence the gut in just one way, following a particular framework. Dr Bhavesh reminded that there are more ways than one it shows up. He said, 'DGBI encompasses several disorders such as functional dyspepsia (FD), functional diarrhoea, functional constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Other than these conditions, gastro-oesophagal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are also conditions that experience variability in symptoms due to stress.'
Dr Bhavesh shared a brief guide with us, outlining the various disorders, DGBI symptoms and when to visit a doctor: Digestive disorders triggered by stress
1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhoea.
2. Functional Dyspepsia (FD): Includes upper abdominal pain, bloating, and early satiety.
3. Functional Constipation: Ongoing issue of bowel movement without a structural cause.
4. Functional Diarrhoea: Chronic loose stools in the absence of a recognisable infection or pathology.
5. GERD (Gastro-Oesophagal Reflux Disease): Acid reflux, heartburn, and chest pain. Symptoms of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) DGBI symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, acid reflux.(Shutterstock)
Abdominal pain and bloating
Bloating and burping
Reflux acid
Constipation and diarrhoea Risk factors other than stress: Disturbed sleep
Poor food habits
Smoking
Tobacco
Alcohol How to manage stress-induced digestive problems? Calming the mind to de-stress helps keep DGBI at bay.(Shutterstock)
1. Stress management strategies: Mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises regulate the gut-brain axis.
2. Dietary management: Management of trigger foods, use of a low FODMAP diet, and hydration.
3. Medication: Anti-diarrheal medication or laxatives as advised for symptomatic relief.
4. Changes in lifestyle: Adequate sleep, avoidance of alcohol and tobacco, and inclusion of regular exercise. When to see a doctor? Recurrent vomiting
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Anemia
Jaundice
ALSO READ: Gastroenterologist shares 3 risks of eating too much fibre, recommends 5 tips for safe consumption
Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Hindustan Times
15 minutes ago
- Hindustan Times
Are you having frequent infections? It can be sickle cell disease. Doctor shares 8 early warning signs to know
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a condition that directly affects the way the red blood cells of the body carry oxygen. This can lead to further complications. In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Vikas Dua, principal director and head, of paediatric haematology, haemato oncology and bone marrow transplant, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram shared the early warning signs that we should watch out for. Also read | Sickle cell anaemia: What is it, warning signs and symptoms, causes, treatment Sickle cell disease affects the way the red blood cells of the body carry oxygen. These are one of the hallmark signs. The pain, which can be sharp or throbbing, usually hits the chest, back, arms, or legs. It can come on suddenly and last for hours or even days. Because sickled cells die faster and the body can't replace them quickly enough, most people with SCD live with some level of anemia. This results in feeling constantly tired or out of breath. 3. Swelling in hands and feet: Particularly common in young children, swelling happens when sickled cells block blood flow to the hands or feet, causing inflammation and discomfort. 4. Frequent infections: SCD can damage the spleen, an organ that helps fight infection. As a result, people—especially children—are more vulnerable to illnesses like pneumonia or meningitis. 5. Delayed growth and development: Children with SCD may grow more slowly or enter puberty later than their peers. This is usually due to a shortage of red blood cells and nutrients. 6. Yellowing of eyes or skin (jaundice): As red blood cells break down more quickly, the liver gets overwhelmed, leading to a buildup of bilirubin. This causes a yellow tint in the skin and eyes. 7. Vision problems: Tiny blood vessels in the eyes can get blocked by sickled cells, potentially causing vision changes or damage over time. 8. Shortness of breath or chest pain: These may indicate a serious complication called acute chest syndrome, which needs urgent attention. Also read | Early Clues, Lifelong Impact: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease Pain episodes are one of the early signs of sickle cell disease. When to seek medical help? Dr Vikas Dua further addressed the need of immediate medical intervention, if the following conditions persist: Severe or worsening pain: If the pain becomes unmanageable, lasts more than usual, or doesn't improve with medication, it's time to see a doctor. Pain that affects breathing or daily activities shouldn't be ignored. High fever (above 101°F / 38.3°C): Fever can be the first sign of a serious infection. Since people with SCD are more prone to infections, any fever—especially in children—should be treated seriously. Trouble breathing or chest pain: This could be a sign of acute chest syndrome, a life-threatening complication. Symptoms like rapid breathing, coughing, or chest tightness need immediate attention. Sudden weakness or numbness: These may signal a stroke. Other signs to watch for include difficulty speaking, facial drooping, or loss of coordination. These symptoms require emergency care right away. Prolonged or painful erection (priapism): In males, an erection lasting more than two hours can damage tissue. It's a painful but often overlooked complication that needs prompt treatment. Pale skin or extreme tiredness: This could suggest severe anemia or a sudden drop in red blood cell count. Quick evaluation is needed to avoid complications. Also read | Demystifying anemia: 7 lesser-known causes to be aware of Signs of dehydration or inability to eat/drink: Dehydration can worsen sickling. If someone with SCD stops eating or drinking or shows signs of severe dehydration, medical support is needed. Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
Time of India
6 hours ago
- Time of India
GERD or acid reflux? What's the difference (simple remedies inside)
Time for some gut talk! Picture this: you're enjoying dinner, leaning back with contentment – until a fiery surge climbs your chest, stealing your joy. That's acid reflux, a common digestive discomfort, occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, triggering the classic burning sensation known as heartburn. While occasional episodes are normal, when that fiery visitor shows up frequently – twice a week or more – it may signify GERD, or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. This condition isn't just uncomfortable; untreated GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis, strictures, Barrett's esophagus, lead to ulcers, or even increase cancer risk. The good news? Understanding the difference and deploying smart, science-backed remedies – from dietary tweaks, bedtime hacks, to medical treatment, when needed – helps provide relief and protects long‑term digestive health. Take a look. Acid reflux vs. GERD: What sets them apart Acid reflux is the occasional backflow of gastric acid into the esophagus, causing temporary discomfort like heartburn. It's often triggered by a heavy meal, spicy food, or lying down soon after eating. GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is the chronic, more serious form – when reflux occurs frequently (at least twice a week), causing ongoing symptoms or complications like inflammation, throat irritation, difficulty swallowing, or respiratory issues. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Perdagangkan CFD Emas dengan Broker Tepercaya IC Markets Mendaftar Undo In short: occasional reflux = a nuisance; GERD = a persistent condition needing proactive treatment. Underlying causes: Risk factors Several factors can cause or worsen reflux, such as: Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction: If the muscular valve between the esophagus and stomach weakens or relaxes inappropriately, acid can escape. GERD is a chronic extension of this malfunction. Hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, smoking, stress, and certain medications (NSAIDs and certain antidepressants) – all can hamper LES function or increase abdominal pressure. Dietary triggers: fatty foods, chocolate, citrus, tomato, carbonated drinks, mint, and spicy foods often provoke reflux. Smoking, caffeine, and alcohol consumption, too, are common compromise triggers. Recognizing the symptoms Typical signs of acid reflux include heartburn – a burning sensation behind the breastbone – plus acid regurgitation, chest discomfort, chronic cough, hoarseness, throat clearing, and trouble swallowing. If symptoms persist more than once or twice per week, that strongly suggests GERD and calls for more structured management. First‑line management: Lifestyle adjustments Dietary and meal habits: When it comes to dietary and meal habits, consider changing the structure of your meals. Eating smaller, more frequent meals – about five to six throughout the day – can significantly reduce the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), promoting a healthier digestive experience. It's also wise to avoid certain trigger foods that can exacerbate discomfort. Steer clear of spicy and fatty foods, as well as citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, garlic, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, carbonated beverages, and mint. Instead, opt for reflux-friendly options such as bananas, melons, cauliflower, ginger, and fennel, which are known for their alkaline and soothing properties. Eating and posture: Post-meal habits also play a crucial role in maintaining comfort. After eating, make it a point to stay upright for at least two to three hours. This helps keep the acid where it belongs, in the stomach! When it's time to sleep, elevating your head by six to eight inches or using a wedge pillow can be highly beneficial. Additionally, sleeping on your left side can further minimize the risk of acid backflow. It's also important to wear loose-fitting clothing around your waist, as tight garments can contribute to discomfort. Lifestyle changes: In terms of lifestyle changes, losing weight, especially abdominal fat, can have a positive impact on your digestive health. Quitting smoking and moderating alcohol intake are also essential, as both can relax the LES and increase acid production. Lastly, consider incorporating stress management techniques into your daily routine. Practices such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing not only foster relaxation but can also improve the tone of the LES, helping you achieve a better balance and overall well-being. House hacks: Simple home remedies When it comes to soothing digestive discomfort, there's a treasure trove of simple aids rooted in both tradition and research. For instance, ginger and chamomile tea stand out as delightful options. Renowned for their anti-inflammatory properties, these herbal brews not only offer comfort but also bring a soothing warmth to your tummy. Fruits like bananas and papayas are not just delicious; they also double as natural antacids. Papaya, in particular, is a powerhouse of digestive enzymes, making it a wonderful ally for intestinal health. Another great protector of your gut is yogurt, especially those enriched with probiotics. These friendly bacteria help maintain gut balance, which can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with acid reflux. For a refreshing twist, consider sipping on aloe vera juice. This remarkable liquid has shown promise in trials, matching the effects of low-dose medications in terms of anti-inflammation. Additionally, if you're looking for natural substances that coat and protect your esophageal lining, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) and slippery elm are worth exploring. Apple cider vinegar has garnered a lot of attention lately, and while its benefits are largely anecdotal, it's said to aid some folks in digesting acids more effectively. Similarly, a simple baking soda solution – just a teaspoon mixed in a glass of water – serves as an inexpensive and natural antacid. Have you ever thought about how chewing gum can benefit your gut? Chewing sugar-free gum boosts saliva production, which helps neutralize stomach acid. Just a heads up, though: it's best to avoid mint-flavored gums as they might aggravate reflux for some. Finally, don't overlook the wisdom of traditional remedies! Fennel, tulsi, and buttermilk spiced with cumin have all shown anecdotal benefits that are worth considering. As with any health-related advice, it's important to connect with a healthcare provider before diving into these remedies, especially to discuss dosages and possible interactions. Embracing these natural aids could lead to a more comfortable and balanced digestive experience! What is GERD and its home remedies by dietitian Nmami Agarwal
The Hindu
a day ago
- The Hindu
Why a persistent cough may be more than just a cold
A lingering cough is often dismissed as a minor inconvenience or a symptom that will clear up on its own. But when it persists for weeks, it can signal a more complex underlying issue. Pulmonologists and ENT specialists call for greater awareness around chronic cough -- not merely as a post-infection remnant, but as a potential marker of deeper respiratory or systemic concerns. The prevalence of chronic cough in India varies across studies, but generally falls within the range of 5-10% of the adult population. This makes it a common symptom, particularly among those seeking primary care. While some studies suggest a prevalence of less than 5%, others show a higher range of 2% to 18% When duration becomes a diagnostic clue Doctors classify cough based on its duration into three main types. Acute cough lasts less than three weeks, subacute falls between three to eight weeks, and chronic cough refers to any that continues beyond eight weeks. But beyond time, the cause -- whether infectious or non-infectious -- shapes clinical understanding. Acute cough is usually the result of viral upper respiratory tract infections or bacterial pneumonia. In the elderly or those with heart conditions, even bronchitis can be complicated by heart failure. Subacute cough often follows a resolved infection and may point to post-viral bronchitis. Chronic cough, however, opens up a broader diagnostic window, requiring evaluation for conditions like asthma, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), chronic bronchitis, postnasal drip, COPD, or in more serious cases, pulmonary tuberculosis. According to Shachi Dave, consultant pulmonologist at Narayana Hospital, Ahmedabad, 'If a cough lasts less than three weeks, it is usually benign. But if it continues beyond that-- especially with warning signs like fever, weight loss, coloured sputum, or blood -- it's vital to get it assessed by a physician.' Symptoms like sore throat and fever typically point toward an upper respiratory tract infection in the early stages. If these fade but the cough persists, post-viral inflammation may be the cause. A night-time cough with nasal symptoms may indicate postnasal drip. Persistent reflux symptoms such as burning in the chest could signal GERD as the underlying issue. The nature of the cough -- dry, mucous-filled, or purulent -- also helps guide diagnosis. The often-missed diagnosis of chronic cough Misdiagnosis is common, with some studies showing that up to 60 percent of chronic cough cases are either mislabelled or inadequately treated. Frequently missed conditions include silent reflux, cough-variant asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, and even obstructive sleep apnea. 'We often see patients labelled as allergic or asthmatic without adequate workup. Any cough that isn't resolving with primary care after a month should be evaluated by a pulmonologist,' says Ammaiyappan Palaniswamy, senior consultant at MGM Malar Hospital in Chennai. Karthik Madesh Ratnavelu, ENT specialist at SIMS Hospital, adds that habit coughs, especially in children, and psychogenic coughs related to stress are often overlooked. In his view, early referrals and multidisciplinary approaches help avoid delayed diagnosis. When the nerves are too sensitive A significant body of research now recognises that many chronic coughs are driven not just by physical irritants, but by nerve hypersensitivity. This mechanism, much like that seen in chronic pain, involves both peripheral and central sensitisation of the nervous system. Peripheral sensitisation occurs when airway receptors -- triggered by infections, allergens, or acid reflux -- become overly reactive. 'These receptors, once sensitised, begin responding strongly to even minor irritants,' explains Dr. Dave. Central sensitisation follows repeated stimulation, where the brainstem and higher centres of the brain become hyperexcitable, lowering the threshold for triggering a cough. As a result, stimuli like speaking, cold air, or even laughing can provoke coughing. ATP, a chemical released during inflammation, plays a critical role by activating purinergic receptors like P2X3 on the vagus nerve, further enhancing this sensitivity. This understanding marks a shift in viewing chronic cough not just as a symptom, but sometimes as a disorder in itself. Invisible triggers in everyday environments Beyond infections and reflux, environmental triggers can also sustain or aggravate chronic cough. Common caused include hidden mold on walls, poorly ventilated homes or office spaces and exposure to scented products like air fresheners, incense and perfumes. Even the use of mosquito coils or chemical-based hair dyes has been implicated. 'Dust mites in bedsheets, furry blankets, or upholstery can set off coughing in allergic or asthmatic patients,' says Dr. Dave. 'Overcrowded living conditions and lack of sunlight or airflow also create ideal settings for infection spread, including tuberculosis.' Lifestyle patterns also play a role. Skipping meals or relying heavily on outside food can increase gastric reflux. Stress, irregular sleep, dehydration, and overuse of the voice are other under-recognised contributors. Dr. Karthik warns that those in vocally demanding jobs -- teachers, speakers, and singers -- often present with coughs rooted in vocal strain rather than infection. Making living and working spaces more cough-friendly The idea of a 'cough-friendly' environment may seem abstract, but experts say small interventions can make a big difference. These include improving air circulation, maintaining moderate humidity, using air purifiers and reducing the use of strong-smelling products. According to Pankaj Chhabra, clinical director at Marengo Asia Hospitals in Faridabad, 'Creating awareness is key. Homes, schools, and offices can all benefit from scent-free policies, periodic ventilation, and attention to allergens. It's more feasible than people think.' He also emphasises hydration and vocal rest, particularly for those with existing airway sensitivity. Public understanding can reduce the stigma associated with chronic coughing -- especially post the worst phases of Covid-19 pandemic -- where a persistent cough carry social discomfort as well as physical toll. Therefore, experts emphasis that a cough that persists for more than three weeks -- especially if accompanied by other symptoms like fever, night sweats, hoarseness, or weight loss -- should not be ignored. Early evaluation can help identify treatable conditions and prevent unnecessary suffering. Chronic cough is not just an irritant. It's a clinical clue that deserves careful attention. Recognising its nuances, triggers, and neural underpinnings can pave the way for better outcomes and healthier indoor environments.
